The Yovanovitch (Jovanovic) system semiautomatic pistol was first described by Dr. Joseph Howard Matthews (1881-1970).  The University of Wisconsin eventually published the first edition of his three volume work <I>Firearms Identification</I> in 1962.  On page 611 (Volume I) the author says: “One Yugoslav pistol which is of native origin is the 9mm Yovanovitch.  L. Yovanovitch was an officer-engineer-inventor who designed and developed this pistol, then sold it to the Yugoslav Government.  It was manufactured by the Voino Tekhnichki Zavod… The barrel and bolt are contained in a tapered tubular housing which runs the entire length of the arm.  The pistol is disassembled by turning a milled head at the rear of the housing.  It has a mechanical thumb safety located in front of the left grip piece – a lever set in a vertical position with the “Safe” and “Fire” positions indicated in Serbian.  The grips are of plain wood, without serrations or checkering.  The inscription on the barrel reads PATENT L. YOVANOVITCH MODEL 1931.  There are no proof marks or other markings…  It is said that a substantial order for pistols was obtained from Haile Selassie of Ethiopia in 1954 and that these were made and delivered.  This statement has not been confirmed, but, if true, it is likely that they were the 9mm Yovanovitch.  A former officer in the Mikhailovitch Army states that pistols of both 7.65mm and 6.35mm calibers, of the same design, were made.  The former were for police and similar use, rather than for military use.”

Since 1962, authors, as well as official institutions, have accepted the statement without any checking.  Consequently, in the current FBI National Crime Information Centre 2000 Operating Manual, (December 2000, p.154), “Model Yovanovitch, Country – YG” (Yugoslavia) recorded as “Code YOV.”  However, the true story about the weapon is quite different.

Lazar Jovanovic (Yovanovitch) was born in Belgrade 1898 to a prominent Serbian historian and politician Ljubomir Yovanovitch.  After World War I, he enrolled in Faculty of Engineering of Ghent University in Belgium.  He soon thereafter left his studies (he never graduated) and returned to Belgrade and dedicated himself to arms construction and the shooting sports.  Yovanovitch came into contact with well-known manufacturers of target rifles and pistols – gunsmith & firearm dealer Carl Widmer (C. Widmer Büchsenmacherei und Waffenhandlung) of St. Gallen, Switzerland, and Julius Gottfried Anschütz GmbH & Co. KG., located in the Thuringian city of Zella-Mehlis, Germany.  On July 16, 1932, Yovanovitch designed a single shot .22 target pistol based on a specific bolt rotation system: the bolt is rotated in a helical motion (of rotational motion to forward motion).  The constructor filed the specification No. 612 at a Yugoslav Patent Office on July 16, 1932.  Finally, Yovanovich was granted Patent Number 10.491 on November 1, 1933.

Due to this patent, C. Widmer, assisted by J. G. Anschütz, started the production of target pistols Model Widmer-L.Y (Lazar Yovanovitch) in 1934.  Regrettably, Yovanovitch was inexperienced in business matters and his design was not patented out of Yugoslavia so that J. G. Anschütz soon renamed the pistol as Model “International” and continued its production without any participation of the Yugoslav constructor.

On the other hand, Yovanovitch was simultaneously working on the construction of semiautomatic military service pistols.  The initial versions were a .22 LR and .380 ACP caliber pistol with an under-barrel tubular magazine, designed for military competition shooting.  However, this weapon was never manufactured.

In 1930, Yovanovitch made only one piece of the first version of the .380 ACP semiautomatic military service pistol to be his personal weapon.  Technically, the M1930 is a blowback operated semiautomatic pistol.  The recoil spring is located around the barrel, the trigger is of single action type and the gun is striker-fired.  The pistol featured three safeties – magazine safety (which blocks the firing when the magazine is removed), automatic grip safety at the front side of the grip and mounted manual safety at the left side of the gun.  The magazine catch is located on the side of the grip, next to trigger guard.  The breechblock is locked in the rear of the slide with the cross bolt lock, which secured against falling out by the safety pin with spring.  Furthermore, the pistol has a cartridge counter – pointer at the grip and magazine.  8 pointer pins, each with own spring, are built in the wooden grip.  The magazine right side has a slot through which the follower pointer disc glides.  The follower pointer disc is screwed into the follower left side.  As the follower moves up, the disc pushes the pins one by one, and this stabs the hand of the shooter with its point.

With the .380 ACP M1930, Yovanovitch took part in the 29th IISSF World Championships 1933 in Granada, where the men’s 25 meters Rapid-Fire Pistol was first introduced, but only as a test competition.  Shortly before he left for Spain, on March 8, 1933, the Yugoslavian International Shooting Sport Federation (SSKJ) issued to Yovanovitch Permit No. 893, required to transport the weapon abroad.  The document says that Yovanovitch traveled abroad with “one single-shot target pistol chambered in .22 rim fire, serial No. 449, and one 9mm Semiautomatic Pistol of his own design (M1930)”  With that same pistol Yovanovitch took part in XI Olympic Games in Berlin.  The men’s 25 meter rapid fire pistol competition (automatic pistols and revolvers of all calibers) was held on August 6, 1936 at the shooting ranges a “Deutsche Versuchsanstalt für Handfeuerwaffen” e.V. Berlin-Wannsee.  After the first series (three series of six shots – every target visible for eight seconds; 53 shooters from 22 nations competed) the 25 marksmen, including Lazar Yovanovich were eliminated, because they did not achieve 18 hits.

Yovanovitch concluded that his personal weapon M1930 was too complicated to become a Military Service Pistol.  In order to interest the Yugoslav Military in his weapon, he designed a somewhat simpler weapon in 1931.  The M1931 was also a blowback (unlocked breech) operated semiautomatic pistol.  The recoil spring is located around the barrel, the trigger is of single action type and the gun is striker-fired.  The pistol featured two safeties – magazine safety (which blocks the firing when the magazine is removed) and mounted manual safety at the left side of the frame.  The heel magazine release is located at the butt of the pistol grip and is a simple catch.

The extractor on the pistol has a double function being both an extractor and the spring loaded lock for the threaded takedown breechblock at the rear of the slide.

Drawn up, the extractor head allows the breechblock to be rotated counter clockwise and then removed from the slide.  With the breechblock removed, the separate striker and striker spring can be pulled out to the rear.  Pressing the trigger releases the slide and recoil spring, allowing it to run forward off the frame.

The pistol uses a striker firing mechanism; pressure on the trigger causes the trigger bar to move to the rear and down, where it disengages from the disconnector striker’s nose and frees it to go forward under spring pressure and fire the cartridge.  There is a safety catch on the left side of the pistol that prevents the trigger from moving when engaged.

Constructor filed specification No. 494 at a Yugoslav Patent Office on July 1, 1934 and offered his M1931 pistol to the Military-Technical Committee of the Yugoslav Royal Army.  In order to provide support of the high court and military circles, Yovanovich made a single piece of the pistol and presented it to the Yugoslav King Aleksandar I Karag?orgevich.  The weapon was completely gold plated with the ivory grip panels inserted with the golden king’s Cipher (AI).  There was a Cyrillic inscription engraved on the slide: “Patent L. ?ovanovic / Model 1931.”  However, the Patent Office of Belgrade disapproved Yovanovics’ patent, and the Military-Technical Committee showed no interest in the M1931 either.  Consequently, this version has never been manufactured by the Military Technical Institute at Kragujevac and never became a Military Service weapon of the Yugoslav Army.  Yet, the failure did not discourage Yovanovich.  In the same year, that is to say 1934, he designed a toggle-locked, short recoil action weapon for higher-powered cartridges.  Having a bad experience with Widmer and Anschütz, this time he engaged another agent in a prominent Swiss Patent Agency, A. Braun Héritier Eschmann AG patent attorney firm.  A. Braun Braun Héritier Eschmann AG was established in Basel (Bâle) in 1888 by Amand Ritter, as one of the first patent agencies in Switzerland.  In 1898, Amand Braun joined the firm and managed it from 1921 until his death in 1943.  On October 15, Amand Braun provided Yovanovich’s design with Swiss Patent No. 180,095.  On the base of the patent, Yovanovich designed a toggle-delayed blowback semiautomatic pistol, and on June 1, 1934, he got the Yugoslav patent No. 10,940 for it.  Therefore, the Military-Technical Committee of the Yugoslav Royal Army found this version too complicated for practical use.

When on April 6, 1941, Germany and Italy attacked the Kingdom of Yugoslavia; Lazar Yovanovitch enlisted as Petty Officer First Class in the 1st Hydroplane Squadron, The Bay of Kotor.  Before leaving for Kotor, he left his M1930 pistol at home in Belgrade.  Regrettably, shortly after, Yovanovitch was taken prisoner by the Italians on April 17, and escorted to the POW Camp P.G. 63 Marinaro Aversa near Arezzo.  On signing the armistice with Italy, and before the Germans entered Aversa, he managed to flee from the Camp on September 13 and reached Switzerland.  He settled down in Sainte-Croix in the canton of Vaud, and continued his constructional work.  In Switzerland, he patented several target rifles and pistols.  However, in 1951 Yovanovitch moved to Canada and opened a small private arms manufacturing workshop on 71 St. Elisabeth Street, Longueuil.  There, in 1958 he manufactured one more piece of the M1931 pistol.  The weapon had standard wooden grip panels, and the left side of the slide bore an impressed inscription: “Patent L.YOVANOVITCH / MODEL 1931.”  Yovanovitch built into the pistol the old barrel taken from the Official Yugoslav Military Sidearm – 9mm Browning M1910/22 pistol.  Accordingly, genuine Belgian manufacturer markings remained on the barrel “Fabrique Nationale” (F.N.) as well as the caliber mark (Kal. 9 m/m).

For that pistol on February 27, 1959, the Chief and Director-general of Québec Provincial Police, Hilarie Beauregard issued him Firearm Permit No. 84,159. “This permit authorizes Mr. Lazar Yovanovitch to have a pistol elsewhere than in his dwelling-house or place of business for the Protection in the interest of his business – Demonstration purpose and Repairs Service – Target practice.”

In fact, the Canadian government realized the Act to amend the Criminal Code of 30 June, 1951 inadvertently banned a substantial number of ‘sporting’ rifles and shotguns, and 26 June, 1954 adopted a new Act respecting Criminal Law.  The Form 76 series of permits disappears, replaced by the Form 42- Firearm Permit.  While the Form 76 specified that a handgun can be carried “…for the protection of life or property, or for target practice,” the Form 42 now states the purpose for which the firearm is required (target shooting, self or property protection), and authorizes it to be possessed: “…Since the Code does not specify how the handgun is to be transported and because it is not expressly prohibited, the concealed carry of firearms by authorized citizens is still permitted.  It remains perfectly legal for authorized permit holders to carry their handgun concealed upon the person.”

Because of a tough financial situation, in 1960 Yovanovitch was compelled to sell his pistol, and the only M1931 pistol in USA.  It was the very piece seen by Dr. Joseph Howard Matthews on the basis of which he created a myth about the Yugoslav weapons “manufactured by the Voino Tekhnichki Zavod.”  Also, on the grips is a crudely hand-written 4-digit number (3344), which Mathews declared as a serial number.

Yovanovitch returned to Belgrade on September 7, 1974 and died soon thereafter on January 28, 1975.

The M1931 pistol remained in the USA, published by Mathews in the late 20th century and later it was sold in an auction in Switzerland and later, in 1977, in Austria (Linz).

The gold plated M1931 pistol was given to the Military Museum of Belgrade after the assassination on King Aleksandar in 1934.  Sadly, in 1944, this rare item was stolen from the Museum.  Now, the only preserved piece in Belgrade is Yovanovitch’s personal M1930 pistol owned by the author of this article.

TECHNICAL DATA:

M1930 Pistol

Designed: 1930

Designer: Lazar Yovanovitch

Manufacturer: L. Yovanovitch in Military-Technical Institute Kragujevac

Number built: 1

Type: Semiautomatic pistol

Action: Blowback

Cartridge: 9×17 mm Browning .380ACP

Total length: 8 inches (203 mm)

Barrel length: 4.25 inches (108 mm)

Rifling: six grooves with the right-hand twist of one turn in 9.4 inches (240 mm).

Land Width: .045” (1 mm)

Bore Diameter: .3504” (8.9 mm)

Groove diameter: .358” (9.1 mm)

Feed system: 8-round, detachable box magazine

Height: 4 3/5” (117 mm)

Weight unloaded: 20.8 oz (590 g)

Sights: Front blade, rear notch

M1931 Pistol

Designed: 1931

Designer: Lazar Yovanovitch

Manufacturer: L. Yovanovitch in Military-Technical Institute Kragujevac and in his own workshop in Longueuil, Canada.

Number built: 2

Type: Semiautomatic pistol

Action: Blowback

Cartridge: 9×17 mm Browning .380ACP

Total length: 7 ¼” (184 mm)

Barrel length: 4 ¼” mm (108 mm)

Rifling: six grooves with the right-hand twist of one turn in 9.4” (240 mm)

Land Width: .045” (1 mm)

Bore Diameter: .3504” (8.9 mm)

Groove diameter: .358” (9.1 mm)

Feed system: 8-round, detachable box magazine

Height: 4 5/8” (117 mm)

Weight unloaded: 19.3 oz (520 g)

Sights: Front blade, rear notch

With the current controversy surrounding the U.S. M4 carbine, many manufacturers have jumped in with solutions to address the current deficiencies of the M4. Many offered haphazard improvements that were less than military grade to say the least. The initial challenger to the M4 was the German firm Heckler & Koch. They took the basic AR-18 short stroke tappet system that was refined by H&K engineers for use in the HKG36 and fitted it into an M4 platform: hence the commencement of the HKM4 program. The modifications did not just stop there; they reconfigured the lower receiver and used some much more durable components with the most important being a stronger bolt. They also used their highly regarded chrome lined hammer forged barrels. After a lawsuit settlement with Colt Defense, the name was changed to the HK416 due to Colt?s trademark on the term “M4.” That trademark would soon be lost when Bushmaster challenged Colt and got it revoked. The HK416 went on to be tested and used by the U.S. Special Operations Forces as well as other military and police throughout the world. Unofficial word has said that Osama Bin Laden was dispatched by a SEAL with an HK416. Although unofficial, the people who make this claim are extremely credible.

The war in Afghanistan was quite different from the streets of Iraq. Iraq turned to be more of an urban battlefield where combat was up close and personal. Many troops were mounted in vehicles and most engagements were less than 100 meters. The 14.5 and 10.3 inch M4/HK416 did quite well in this environment. The shorter ranges were where the weapons shined the most. Afghanistan on the other hand brought back the half kilometer shot. Troops from the U.S., as well as allies, found themselves being outgunned by peasant Taliban soldiers shooting a thousand yards with old Mosin-Nagant bolt action 7.62x54R rifles. Of course there is a mixture of Mausers, Enfields as well as Springfields to name a few of these long range battle rifles. The enemy was out of the range of the 5.56mm M4 and SA80 rifles – to just name a couple 5.56mm rifles in service in that theater of operations. The problem was so serious the British MoD put out an immediate requirement for a 7.62×51 sharpshooter rifle. That contract was taken by Karl Lewis with his new LM308MWS, which is now type classified by the Brits as the L129A1 rifle. However, another 7.62x51mm rifle found its way into the mountains and caves of Afghanistan, the Heckler & Koch 417.

The HK417 was first introduced to the military community in 2006. Some of the first to test the rifles were the U.S. military. When looking at the HK417, it looks like an HK416 on steroids – everything looks the same but bigger. To fill the demands in the market the HK417 is selective fire. This can make a designated marksman rifle into a CQB weapon with the flick of a switch. Barrel lengths are offered in 12, 16 and 20 inches.

The lower receiver has lineage of the AR-10-type rifle but the similarities end there. Starting from the rear, the receiver extension is larger in diameter when compared to the standard M16/M4/AR-10 rifles. The HK is approximately .210 inches larger in diameter making it proprietary. The end of the receiver extension has three drain holes that apparently assist to egress water in over-the-beach conditions. The stock is also proprietary HK. There are 5 positions of adjustment. By rotating the buttplate 1/4 turn the buttplate is removed and there you have two battery storage components. There are three mounting apparatuses for a sling.

The lower receiver is manufactured from aircraft grade aluminum. The buffer and action spring are large in diameter compared to the rest of the industry. The buffer is unique in that it has a flare to the rear by the bumper. This too, may have to do with removing water. The receiver extension is pinned in place to prevent it from ever coming loose in the field. HK offers four different pistol grips but the receiver will accept most any of the aftermarket grips. The lower has an ambidextrous selector lever. The bolt catch is similar to that of any AR-10 type rifle in both location and function. The magazine catch button is larger and round making it a little easier to access than the traditional button. The trigger guard can fold down in the same manner as any other M16/AR-15 type rifle. The HK417 is offered in selective fire as well as semiautomatic only configurations.

The magazine used in the HK417 is a proprietary translucent polymer magazine: you are able to see how many cartridges are in the magazine. The polymer is quite thick and very sturdy. They come in both 10- and 20-round capacity. The early prototype HK417 rifle utilized the steel G3 magazines and a few can be seen. Very few of these remain.

The bolt carrier group looks identical to the HK416 but larger. The carrier is one piece with the hump machined where the carrier key would normally go on a direct gas rifle where the operating rod strikes. The most unique aspect of the bolt carrier is the firing pin lock system. A spring loaded arm attached to the carrier locks the firing pin to the rear with the assistance of a firing pin spring that insures the firing pin is always to the rear. When the trigger is pulled and the hammer released, as the hammer gets ready to strike the firing pin, the top of the hammer lifts up on the firing pin catch to release the firing pin so when the hammer strikes, the pin is free to connect with the primer. Once the bolt carrier cocks the hammer during cycling, the firing pin spring pushes the firing pin to the rear were the lock engaged and keeps the firing pin from moving. What does this do say you? A couple things, such as prevent accidental discharge by slam fire. Some primers are very sensitive and the inertia of the firing pin moving back and forth when the bolt carrier closes on a live round. This also can be the solution to prevent slam fie conditions with an extremely high cyclic rate. The carrier also has a captive firing pin retainer pin. Some early models may have one you can remove but as of this writing all carriers have the captive pin. The bolt is quite hefty and has a proprietary nickel-type finish on it. There bolt has a multi-lugged locking system like the standard AR-10. The extractor is heavy duty and not removable for cleaning. It is held in place by a roll pin. Additionally, the bolt has dual ejectors. This increases significantly the ejection force that is needed with short barreled rifles where the bolt carrier group may move faster than a single ejector can egress the cartridge case from the receiver. With the exception of the extractor not coming out for routine cleaning, the carrier group comes apart like any other AR-type carrier with the addition of the firing pin spring. The charging handle is unique in that the latch can be moved to the opposite side to accommodate a left or right handed shooter. An armorer is required to do the swap due to the small roll pins involved.

The upper receiver is also manufactured from aircraft grade aluminum. It incorporates a forward assist and a fired cartridge case deflector. The ejection port dust cover is manufactured of high impact polymer. The barrel is the same high grade ordnance steel that HK is famous for the world over. The barrel is hammer forged and chrome plated with a 1 turn in 11 inch twist to stabilize 147- through 175-grain projectiles. The chamber on the HK417 chamber is fluted in the same way as the original G3 and MP5 family of weapons. Barrel life has many factors but HK tests the barrels out to 10,000 rounds. The barrel of course will last longer if taken care of and a lot of full auto fire is not done. The barrel has a standard flash suppressor with notches on the end to cut barb wire with a bullet. The gas block is pinned to the barrel with extremely strong roll pins. There is a gas valve with two positions. There is one setting for suppressed and one for normal/non suppressed. The proprietary 1-piece handguard is designed and patented by HK. There are quad Mil-Std 1913 rails. The handguard is held on by two large locking screws. Normally, these screws are tightened to a recommended HK torque specification. In an emergency “field expedient” situation, these screws can be tightened and removed by using one of the locking lugs on the bolt.

The rifle comes with HK proprietary back-up iron sights. The most common rear sight is the diopter rear sight that HK is famous for, which is adjustable for windage and elevation. Also offered is a low profile flat aperture that is needed so some optics can fit over it. There are two front sights as well. The standard is the nonadjustable standard configuration, another HK trademark. There is also a folding front sight that attaches to the top of the gas block. However, any aftermarket back up sight may be used.

The heart of the HK417 is the gas system – the same as the HK416 but with a larger gas block you would expect for a .30 caliber barrel. The system is a short stroke tappet system via push rod. The piston, which has three gas rings attached, is inserted into the rear of the gas block. The operating rod assembly consists of the pusher rod, return spring and guide. The rear of the pusher rod is inserted in the upper receiver, pulled in, and the front of the operating rod is inserted into the back of the piston. The cycle of operation begins by the hammer striking the firing pin; the hammer disengages the firing pin lock on its forward motion. The primer sets a spark igniting the propellant. As the powder burns high pressure gas rapidly builds forcing the projectile down the bore. Once to projectile passes the gas port under the front sight base, some gas is tapped into the gas block where a piston chamber is created between the front of the piston and the back of the front sight base. As the gas expands the pusher rod is forced to the rear where it strikes the top of the bolt carrier sending it rearward. Excess gas from the front sight base is pushed out the front of the gas block via an exhaust port. As the bolt carrier moves rearward the cam unlocks the bolt and the bolt extracts and ejects the fired cartridge case. The pusher rod is now pushed back into the gas block via the return spring. The bolt carrier cocks the hammer and moves to its rearmost position where the action spring and buffer push the bolt carrier forward. At this point the firing pin lock is engaged. The forward movement of the carrier strips a cartridge off the magazine and feeds it into the barrel extension and then into the chamber. The cam notch rotates the cam locking the bolt. The buffer absorbs the shock and the rearward motion of the bolt carrier when it slams into the barrel extension preventing bolt carrier bounce. This is only an issue with the rifle in the fully automatic mode. The benefits of the push rod piston system are touted as being cleaner than the direct gas system by the fouling not being introduced into the bolt carrier and heat not being transferred to the bolt and carrier increasing part life. The advantage of these benefits over the direct gas system has been, and will be, debated for quite some time.

The MR762A1

With many of the high speed rifles these days, a commercial customer can read all about them but they are unobtainable. The weapons are available to military and law enforcement customers only. Due to importation bans, it is that much harder for commercial customers to obtain many of these weapons even though they are manufactured in semi-auto only configurations. For many years there was a high demand in the commercial market for a civilian version of the famous HK416. Few weapons have been so highly publicized in the last 20 years. Not until January of 2011 did HK officially announce the MR556A1 commercial rifle to the industry. Now in January of 2012, HK announced the release of their MR762A1, the commercial equivalent of the HK417 with a suggested retail price of $3,995. As expensive as the rifle is, there are for sure going to be collectors who will want this high quality rifle in their collection.

What made it possible for the American consumer to have these fine HK rifles was the opening of HK’s facilities in Columbus, Georgia and Newington, New Hampshire. To comply with importation laws, several parts are either made or finished in the U.S.

The lower receiver is very similar to that of the HK417 with two major changes. First, the takedown and front pivot pin have spring loaded locks in them. To push the pins out a pin punch or the modified Allen wrench are used to push in the plunger to install and remove the pins. These special pins remove the play between the upper and lower receiver and therefore help to increase the accuracy of the MR762A1. That tool is held in a compartment inside of the stock. The automatic sear hole is not there and the trigger group is a proprietary semiautomatic only group. What is so special about this feature is that the safety selector lever can be engaged with the hammer in the forward position.

The upper receiver is very similar with the most notable change being the barrel extension. On the left side there is a tab sticking out and on the left side of the bolt carrier is a notch that that tab slides next to. A selective fire carrier does not have that notch cut, so the selective fire carrier will not close in the receiver making it unusable. This is obviously an anti-conversion provision in the rifle’s design. The semi-auto bolt carriers are marked with a “MR” on the right side of the bolt carrier. The handguard is slightly modified as well. First, there is no gas valve regulator – there is only one setting. The locking bolts on the MR762A1 are tightened with an Allen wrench instead of a large Philips screwdriver used on the HK417. The 16-inch barrel is manufactured from the same steel and manufactured with HK’s famous cold hammer forging process. The only real difference is the barrel on the MR762A1 is not chrome plated. HK engineers believed that the chrome plating could have an adverse effect on the precision accuracy of this carbine so they omitted this step. Minus these few changes, the MR762A1 is identical to its military big brother.

The test and evaluation rifle was sent with back up iron sights, one 10-round magazine and a custom HK black soft tactical carrying case. An additional 10- and 20-round magazine was requested for testing the rifle. For reliability testing, the rifle was equipped with the AimPoint Comp4s reflex red dot sight. This is the same sight known as the M67 sight issued to U.S. troops. During testing 300 rounds of Silver State Armory 147gr FMJ and 200 rounds of Pierce Ammunition 147gr FMJ were used with no malfunctions of any sort. To add, the rifle was dry, no lubricant was applied at all. Accuracy testing was done at 100 yards with a Leupold Mark 4, 3.5 to 10x scope with an illuminated reticle. This scope has a 40mm objective and is equipped with bullet drop compensator for the 7.62x51mm round with a 168gr projectile. The illuminated reticle is turned on or off by the user and has 11 increments of brightness. Three different types of match ammunition were used for testing for accuracy. These types of ammunition were Silver State Armory 175gr OTM, Hornady SUPERFORMANCE 178gr Match OTM and a custom Pierce Ammunition 150 grain Hornady SST projectile. Both Silver State Armory and the custom Pierce ammunition shot sub-MOA but the tightest group of .540 inches was shot with the Pierce Custom ammunition.

The rifle was what you would expect from H&K: a fine example of German engineering with attention to detail, proprietary and reliable. With the $3,995 MSRP, the rifle will be purchased by the serious collector. The MR762A1 is also a suitable choice for American police and other law enforcement agencies looking for a precision 7.62mm/.308 Win semiautomatic rifle. Over the last couple years H&K has heard the voice of their customers and answered giving them what they wanted: a commercial version of the HK416 and HK417.

The concept of the bullpup firearm is not new. It has actually been around for over 110 years dating back to 1901 when an English gunsmith and inventor created the first bullpup rifle, the Thorneycroft Carbine. It was a bolt-action gun that placed the action behind the trigger workings and underneath the shooters cheek. This design used the space in the rearward part of the buttstock to house the bolt and fire control group of the gun, effectively creating a much shorter overall firearm, but kept the longer barrel for increased accuracy. It also increased maneuverability as well as reducing the gun’s weight. The Thorneycroft Carbine was chambered in .303 British, which was a very popular military caliber at the time, and held 5 rounds in an internal magazine. It was almost a full 8 inches shorter than the Lee-Enfield that was then used by the British military. The gun unfortunately was not very ergonomic, had a severe recoil and was never adopted for military service. Over the years other attempts were made to perfect the bullpup type firearm but it wasn’t until the early to mid 1970s when Steyr Mannlicher introduced their AUG (Armee-Universal-Gewehr) that a viable bullpup firearm was developed. This rifle was adopted in 1977 by the Austrian Army when it became known as the StG 77 or Sturmgewehr 77. It is still produced today and is used by military and police units the world over. After the invention of the Steyr AUG it was followed by other bullpup rifles produced by manufacturers all over the globe trying to get a piece of the “bullpup” pie. These include the British L85 series, the French FAMAS, the U.S. made Bushmaster M17S, the Chinese Type 86S (an AK-47 type bullpup made by Norinco), several Soviet versions of their AK type rifles, the Israeli Tavor, the FN P-90 and F2000, the H&K G-11 and the list goes on and on. There are over 100 different bullpup semi-auto, select-fire and bolt-action firearms being produced today and even more models on the horizon. That’s not even to mention the handguns and shotguns being produced with bullpup design parameters.

One of the newest and probably, as yet, most seldom seen bullpup firearms is the new RFB bullpup rifle from Kel-Tec CNC Industries (www.keltecweapons.com) based in Cocoa, Florida. Kel-Tec has been in the firearms business since the early 1990s and has perfected the art of using fiber-reinforced polymers in their firearms as well as state-of-the-art CNC machining processes. Over a year ago this author reported on their new KSG bullpup shotgun, which has literally taken the tactical shotgun world by storm. The RFB rifle has actually been on the market longer than the KSG shotgun but has been available in such limited quantities that most people haven’t heard of it, let alone been able to get their hands on one. The RFB model designation is derived from the words used to describe the gun; Rifle, Forward-ejecting, Bullpup. Yes, the RFB ejects its empty out the front of the rifle via a round hole just above and to the right of the barrel when viewed from the muzzle. Why go to the trouble and design changes from traditional side-ejecting firearms? It’s simple. With this type of ejection a firearm that is truly ambidextrous can be produced. What’s more, it is ambidextrous without having to substitute different parts or for that matter without doing anything. No levers to switch, buttons to push, nothing. Just pick it up and shoot it; either right or left handed, instantly.

The RFB is a gas operated, short stroke, auto loading rifle that is chambered in 7.62 X 51 NATO (.308). It is box magazine fed using metric FAL style magazines, of which one 20-rounder is included with the rifle. It uses a tilting bolt locking mechanism and has twin extractors that capture the rim of the cartridge, on both sides, from the time it leaves the magazine until it is pushed into the ejection chute that runs along the top of the barrel. The RFB has a medium weight barrel made from 4140 Chrome-Molybdenum ordnance grade steel. It is chrome lined with a chrome chamber, 4 grooves and a 1 in 12 twist rate. It is 18 inches in length with possibly 24, 26 and 32 inch models being done in the future. The barrel’s muzzle is threaded 5/8 x 24 and comes equipped with an A2 style birdcage flash hider and locknut. The sheet metal components of the rifle are made from 4130 aircraft grade steel and have a matte black or Parkerized finish. The RFB’s gas system is 4110 steel and is internally plated for low maintenance and corrosion resistance. The main body of the gun, the magazine housing, pistol grip and forearm can be had in either black, OD green or tan. These surfaces are Cerakoted. Cerakote (www.cerakoteguncoating.com) is a ceramic-based firearms finish that was developed for military firearms and is known for its extreme durability and lubricity. The RFB can be field stripped for cleaning with nothing more than the tip of a cartridge. The take-down pins of the gun are held captive, in their holes, so there is no need to worry about misplacing them when the gun is disassembled. The gun when disassembled breaks down into just five components. These include the barreled receiver, the buttstock, the lower receiver, the bolt group and the magazine.

The gun that was received for testing was tan in color and equipped with an 18 inch barrel. The guns are shipped with one 20-round magazine (marked KEL-TEC on the base plate), a sling with attaching hardware and a very well done, full color instruction and parts manual.

The RFB is shipped without sights and has a 9.5 inch Picatinny Mil-Spec 1913 rail across the top of the barreled receiver. This allows for the user to install any kind of sights or optics that they choose. Longer rails are now available from aftermarket companies that allow the user to incorporate night vision devices either in front of or behind their optics.

The sights chosen for the initial testing were a set of Gen 2 MBUS, MagPul Back-Up Sights, from MagPul Industries (www.magpul.com) along with a tan EOTech 553 holographic weapons sight (www.eotech-inc.com). The MBUS is a set of low cost, impact resistant polymer sights that fold flat on the top of the rail yet spring into the upright, usable position at the touch of a lever on either side or by pressing the top of the sight. These lightweight sights are fully adjustable and fit any Picatinny/STANAG type rail. The EOTech 553 is a 1X weapons sight that projects a red reticle that consists of a 65 MOA ring with a 1 MOA dot in its center, onto its glass lens window. These Mil-Spec optics have unlimited eye relief, can be submerged to a depth of 66 feet and can run for over 1,100 hours on a pair of CR123 lithium batteries. This model features a quick detach, A.R.M.S. twin locking lever mount and can be had in either black or tan. When used in conjunction with each other the MBUS co-witnesses in the bottom 1/3 of the EOTech window. Both of these sights enable the rapid acquisition of bad guy sized targets out to well over 100 yards.

The rifle has an adjustable gas system that is adjusted via a knurled knob located just above the barrel at the front of the handguard. It features a spring-loaded ball detent at its base and is click adjustable without tools. It also has holes around its circumference so that the tip of a bullet can be used to adjust it when it’s hot or excessively dirty.

The first thing that needs to be done is to adjust the gas system for your ammunition. The manual gives detailed instructions on how to do this so I won’t go into it here but it’s very simple and takes only a few minutes. Kel-Tec just wants the rifle adjusted so that it functions properly and the bolt locks open after the last round but does not bleed excess gas into the system that might cause premature parts wear.

Ammunition used in the test consisted of military full metal jacket, soft point, hollow point and ballistic tip bullet styles with at least 5 different bullet weights. Magazines used in the testing included the Kel-Tec 20-round magazine that came shipped with the rifle, a Rock River Arms 20-round polymer magazine like the one that comes with their LAR-8 rifle, some surplus FN mags and a couple of the new DS Arms 30-rounders. The Kel-Tec manual recommends using only 5, 10 or 20 round magazines but I wanted to try the DSA 30-rounders as there have been positive comments about these new magazines. Three 20-round magazines were loaded with M-80 military ball ammunition and fired just to check the function of the rifle and make sure that the gas system was adjusted correctly. The first round fed and fired fine but I thought that the rifle had not picked up a new round because no empty was ejected. This happened twice before it dawned on me that the rifle actually “stores” five empty brass in its ejection chute before the first one fired reaches the end of the chute and falls to the ground. Of course this happens when the gun is fired in a level horizontal position. Once five rounds are fired then an empty is ejected with every round fired. If the gun is held muzzle down at any time during the firing sequence then the empties that are in the chute will slide out the front. The empty from the first round out of a new magazine is captured by twin protractions that are formed in the rear of the feed chute. These keep the fired empty from sliding back into the action and causing a malfunction. All 60 rounds fed, fired and ejected perfectly.

One thing that happens in the gun’s ejection pattern that is kind of unnerving is that after the last round in a mag is fired, the bolt naturally locks in the back or open position but there is still an empty case held to the face of the bolt by the twin extractors. This in no way hurts anything but just be aware that the empty is there and will be ejected normally when the next magazine is loaded. So when the bolt locks open, a loaded magazine is inserted and the charging handle is pulled back slightly and dropped to charge the rifle, if the muzzle is pointed downward an empty case is ejected out of the rifle without firing it. This is completely safe; it’s just that it has never happened in all my years of firing side ejecting guns. Once I was used to it I knew what to expect. To completely clear the gun of all empties, after the last round is fired, remove the empty magazine and cycle the changing handle a couple of times, point the muzzle down and all empties will fall out of the gun.

The RFB was then loaded with several different brands of ammunition that had soft point and hollow point bullet styles. This ammunition also fed and functioned without any problems. In fact, there wasn’t any .308 ammunition that was fed into the gun that it didn’t eat up without a problem. The only problems that were encountered at all involved the DS Arms 30-round magazines. When loaded to the full 30-round capacity the rifle just would not feed the first 9 or 10 rounds. The rounds would start to feed and then stop part way into the chamber. It seemed that the follower spring pressure in the magazine was just too much for the rifle’s twin recoil springs to overcome. Once the magazines were down to 20 or 21 rounds they functioned just fine. The Kel-Tec manual recommends using only magazines with 20 rounds or less capacity anyway but we had to try them. On our second test outing we gave the rifle and the 30-round magazines a shot of gun lubricant and they both were used numerous times without any problems. While on the subject of magazines it should be noted here that the FAL style magazines are inserted into the RFB by pushing them straight into the mag well and not rocked into the well as is done when inserting them into the FN-FAL type rifles.

To check and see what kind of accuracy the RFB was capable of, a high magnification scope was needed. As luck would have it the author had just received a new riflescope from Lucid (www.mylucidgear.com), makers of the HD7 red dot sight. The new scope is called the Advantage Rifle Scope and has a long list of features. The scope is a 6-24 X 50 with a 30mm tube diameter and features what Lucid calls their L-5 reticle. It is matte black and is waterproof, fogproof and shockproof. It features a side parallax adjustment knob that has a range from 10 yards to infinity. The L-5 reticle is Bullet Drop Compensating with all range estimating marks in MOA instead of Mil-Dots. The windage and elevation turrets are lockable with removable, re-zeroable caps. The scope has 1/8 MOA click values and has a very tiny .25 MOA dot at the center of the crosshairs. This makes for very precise aiming at long range targets when the scope is cranked up to 24 power. The scope has a limited lifetime warranty, comes with front and rear flip-open lens caps and all for a retail price of just $449. A very high quality optic with super bright glass at a very affordable price. The scope was attached to the rifle’s Picatinny rail mount using a Mounting Solutions Plus (www.mountsplus.com) Variable Eye Relief Scope Mount and 30mm rings. This fully adjustable mount allows the scope to be mounted in any of several positions to obtain the optimum eye relief for any scope. It is quick detachable and incorporates an A.R.M.S. throw lever mount.

From a bench rest five shot groups were fired at a measured 100 yards. While all of the ammunition shot respectable groups there were a couple of types that the RFB really liked. As long as the shooter does his part, the rifle is capable of amazing accuracy. Almost all of the ammo tested would shoot into 1.5 inches at 100 yards. The one outstanding group was a 3-shot cluster in which all three holes were touching. This group was fired with Remington 168 grain Boat Tail Hollow Point Match. I stopped at three shots because looking through the spotting scope I could see all three were touching and knew that I would never get the last two shots to touch them. Other ammunition that the RFB was partial to was a .308 TAP round from Setpoint Ammunition (www.setpointammo.com). Setpoint Ammunition offers a website where shooters go online and step by step build a load for their specific rifle. They offer the first customized, precision, mass produced ammunition. The user can pick bullet weight and style, casing, primer, powder and charge weight and even overall cartridge length. They then load the ammo and ship it right to you. The Setpoint ammunition shot just under an inch from the RFB.

The rifle was also fired suppressed with a new .30 caliber suppressor from Thompson Machine (www.thompsonmachine.net). The new suppressor is dubbed “The Thirty” and is a take-apart .30 caliber suppressor that features a monocore internal design. The suppressor can be easily disassembled as it had wrench flats on both the front and read end caps. The tube and internal baffles are made from a steel alloy and has a matt Parkerized finish. It is available with 5/8 x 24 threads and will work on anything smaller than .30 caliber. The “Thirty” is just over 8 inches long, 1.5 inches in diameter and weighs 27 ounces. The RFB worked flawlessly with The Thirty with the gas system adjusted a couple of turns so as not to over gas the rifle. A very quiet can that lets you shoot the RFB without hearing protection. An interesting note here is that the RFB with the suppressor installed is still overall shorter than most other .30 caliber AR-style rifles without a suppressor.

In this authors opinion one of the factors contributing to the rifle’s accuracy is the trigger pull, or lack of. Most all bullpup rifles have a horrendously heavy trigger pull that often feels very mushy. Usually this is caused by all the added pieces, extended trigger bars and linkages in moving the trigger forward of the chamber. Kel-Tec has overcome this and produced a bullpup rifle with a very respectable trigger that breaks cleanly. The trigger pull on the test rifle was tested using a Lyman (www.lymanproducts.com) Electronic Digital Trigger Pull Gauge and averaged just over 6 pounds. Not bad for a battle rifle, let alone a bullpup battle rifle.

Let’s be honest: bullpup style firearms are not for everyone. In fact we had shooters that tried the gun and said that they just couldn’t get used to it. What’s to get used to? You put ammo in the bottom, pull the trigger, bullets come out the front, end of story. Personally, I think that these types of guns are a great innovation in the world of tactical shooting as well as recreational shooting. They provide users with firearms that are shorter, lighter and definitely more maneuverable than standard guns. Bullpup rifles can be fired one-handed, if need be, almost as accurately as they can with both hands because the center of gravity is now right above the firing hand. For use in vehicles and buildings they are without equal. Hallways and doors are now a lot easier to navigate through. They can also be stored in less space than conventional firearms.

Guns like the RFB can be modified for just about any mission. Well thought out accessories can definitely add to the gun’s usefulness. Kel-Tec is producing several accessories for the RFB in house. These include a Picatinny forearm rail, a bayonet lug, a proprietary muzzle brake, a tactical oversized charging handle, a quad-rail that attaches to the front of the barrel/gas block and even a set of butt-pad spacers for increasing the guns length of pull for the knuckle draggers out there. Look for other companies to start producing more innovative accessories as more of these guns are put into service.

The day of the initial testing over 300 rounds were fired through the rifle without one gun-related problem. To date there have been over 700 rounds put through the gun and still it runs perfectly. If fact, the only problems stemmed from the first use of the 30-round magazines. A little gun lube solved the problem and now these magazines are my favorite. If you can find one of these rifles, buy it. It’s a rugged, compact, dependable rifle that will serve you well.

Kel-Tec CNC Industries, Inc.
P.O. Box 236009
Cocoa, FL 32923
Phone: (321) 631-0068
Fax: (321) 631-1169
Website: www.keltecweapons.com

By John Brown

At the writing of this article the candidates are running neck and neck for the Commander in Chief, the President of the United States of America. No matter what direction you explore, the backgrounds of these two gentlemen concerning the future of the gun industry is not looking good. If you take a look at the last four years of our President it looks and feels like ATF is winding up for the second four year term of tighter controls and less of an ear to what anyone in the industry wants. Many of us are calling this the calm before the storm in many ways. If Obama wins the election we will have an unleashing of the full wrath of the Justice Department and the few remaining friends that the industry has built in the last ten years will certainly take a back seat to stay out of harms way. I can’t say that I blame them for running out the rest of their time and staying below the radar screen. These are troubling times to say the least.

If you go back and take a look at both candidates’ records, we are certainly way off course for the kind of care sportsman and gun enthusiasts received under a Roosevelt or a Reagan administration. All of the major support organizations that are working hard to protect your rights are working around the clock to keep a close watch on every seat in congress. Every day we are watching all aspects of the behavior that we see coming from congress and ATF. What you have to watch on the ATF front are the continuous flow of decisions now in the form of letters that sneak underneath the radar and then pose themselves as forthcoming regulations. We all know if a letter has already been sent to someone out there with a conclusion, it’s almost certainly too late to do anything about it. I look at the letters that are sent to individuals and I have to shake my head in disbelief. First and foremost I often wonder why in the world someone would even ask a question like that, and secondly when the answer comes to the individual, it is almost certainly an “OMG.” Oh My Gosh, I can’t believe that we are now stuck with that opinion. Careful what you ask, you may be astounded by the answer.

There are dozens of other channels that are available to you to get answers that you need and it won’t come to you in a letter that will soon end a privilege that you once had. Our Rights are under enough attack without whittling down the regulatory “Privileges” we seem to live with today.

With whatever candidate that is coming to us in 2013 you have to ask yourself the question, “What is the best venue for me to make certain that I have good representation on the hill?” With 2013 in the wind you better believe that if you want your money to work for you it will gain the most interest in one the organizations that best supports your interests. No matter if Title One firearms is your hobby, where the NRA is at its best, or you are in importer/exporter and the F.A.I.R. Trade Group best serves your needs, or it’s supporting the NFA industry and community and you want to give your support to the NFATCA, you will soon need to pick one and give it your best efforts. No matter which candidate ends up in the oval office the track record and what each of the candidates want, it is not to continue to let you and me to buy “Assault Rifles” and the like. Putting a permanent assault weapons ban in place and taking on this portion of the industry has been a primary objective of not only the Democrats in this country but a larger part of the liberal party line. There is only one reason why so many people are buying so furiously today; they are deathly afraid that they won’t be able to buy it again, in the next four years. The truth of the matter is no matter who is in the White House; both candidates have a history of staunch gun control. It is a great time to buy.

No matter what you collect or what you buy, there is an organization designed specifically for your needs to protect your rights. As each day passes, put yourself in a smart position and join an organization that will protect your rights and have the time and the funds to stand up for you at every angle, no matter who is in the White House.

We at the NFATCA will be there for you today and the day after and each and every day after that, looking out for your NFA rights. We will be reaching into our 9th year supporting the NFA community and our numbers continue to grow and our board members continue to grow more powerful in supporting you.

No matter how difficult times may get in the communication game with ATF you can bet on one thing for certain: We will continue to listen to our membership and provide you with a support that is unique, only because we believe that working closely within the ranks of ATF is the only way to enjoy success. Believe it or not a lot of our brethren at ATF enjoy shooting as much as any one of our members. Working together and better understanding one another’s needs is paramount to our continued success under either candidate. It was with continued cooperation and working together that we are able to produce the NFA Handbook, and the Firearms Technology Handbook. If you think anyone could put together such resources without working closely with ATF, you are dreaming. Having and keeping a good relationship internally is more important today than ever, regardless of who is in the White House. The method that we have always used in our eight-year history is “Power Through Experience.”

So for whatever administration we must endure over the next four years, make certain that you support the NFATCA or whatever organization you feel will best benefit from your financial and personal commitment. We are all working to protect all of our best interests in supporting the 2nd amendment. For more information contact us at www.nfatca.org.

New Night Vision Riflescope From Pulsar

The Pulsar Digisight N550 is manufactured with cutting edge digital technology that enables this riflescope to function in daylight as well as at night. Digisight’s large upgradeable metal platform is lightweight and perfect for any rifle type and features digital crosshairs. Since the crosshairs are digital and not mechanical, the user has the unique option to change crosshairs quickly. Just download the digital crosshairs and the user is set for any situation. With the Digisight video output capability, the entire excursion can be recorded or transmitted for professional use, training purposes or just to collect a treasured memento of time in the woods. The Digisight has a one shot zeroing system, so ammo is not wasted when sighting in the scope. With a built-in IR illuminator and bottom mount weaver rail, the Digisight can be easily moved, or removed from the rifle, when needed. The built-in external power supply and remote control capabilities make Pulsar’s Digisight the night vision riflescope every marksman wants attached to their weapon. Pulsar products are manufactured with the professional individual in mind. Built on a Mil-Spec platform, Pulsar provides advanced night vision products for military, law enforcement & consumers applications. For more information contact Sellmark Corporation, 2201 Heritage Parkway, Mansfield, TX 76063. Phone: (817) 225-0310. Fax: (817) 394-1628. Their website is www.pulsarnightvisionusa.com.

New Products From Del-Ton Incorporated

Del-Ton is pleased to announce the introduction of an exciting new rifle designed for the sport shooter and enhancements to two flagship models of its rifle line. The DTI Evolution is an excellent choice for any sporting application including 3-gun competition. Key features include: 16-inch CMV chrome-lined, mid-length lightweight barrel and gas system; 1×9 twist, HPT/MPI tested Carpenter 158 bolt, Samson Evolution 12.37-inch free float rail, M4 feed ramps, Samson Quick Flip Dual Aperture rear sight; Samson folding front sight, Two-stage, Mil-Spec trigger, Magpul MOE+ grip, Magpul CTR Mil-Spec buttstock, Mil-Spec buffer tube and a H-buffer. The retail price will be $1,300. The DT Sport OR is now on the shelves. This sporty, lightweight rifle is a great value and offers many features available on more expensive rifles. Key features of this rifle include 16-inch barrel of 4140 steel; 1×9 twist, phosphated under low pro gas block, lightweight profile Tested Carpenter 158 bolt, A3 Flat top with white “T” marks, lower receiver is Mil-Spec forged 7075 T6 aluminum; hard coat anodized and an M4, 6-position buttstock. The price on this rifle will be $699. The Echo 316H OR is a solid, mid-priced A3 heavy barreled carbine that will offer years of service and reliability. Key features of this rifle will be much this same as the Sport OR but with a railed gas block, Mil-Spec buffer tube and H-buffer. The price on it will be $864. For complete technical specifications and information on these and other Del-Ton products, please contact Del-Ton, Inc., 330 Aviation Parkway, Elizabethtown, NC 28337. Phone: (910) 645-2172. Fax: (910) 645-2244. On the web at www.del-ton.com.

ATI Debuts the First Two HD-16 Series Rifles

American Tactical Imports is proud to introduce the first two rifles in their new product line of HD-16s, exclusively from ATI. ATI has joined forces with Head Down Products in Dallas, Georgia, to create a new and exciting product line that brings the highest quality in manufacturing to an affordable price point for consumers. The ATI HD-16 Series rifles will incorporate the best features of AR-15 style rifles with custom parts and accessories from Head Down. The first two models, the V916 and the HDVX will feature custom free-float aluminum rails, available only from Head Down Products. Both models will have a 16-inch Nitrocarb barrel chambered in 5.56mm with 1/7 RH twist. They will also use Mil-Spec 7075-T6 forged upper and lower receivers with Type III hard coat anodized finish. The V916 will feature a 9-inch Head Down Provectus free float rail, while the HDVX will sport a 13-inch Provectus. Both models will contain a low profile carbine length gas system, Mil-Spec Carpenter 158 bolt/8620 carrier, and commercial spec M4 collapsible stock. The ATI HD16 V916 has an MSRP of $889, while the HDVX will ring in slightly higher at $909. Both will come with a 30-round polymer magazine and hard case. Contact them at American Tactical Imports, Inc., 100 Airpark Drive, Rochester, NY 14624. Phone: (585) 328-0945. Fax: (585) 328-4168. Website: www.americantactical.com.

Leupold Introduces New DAGR Combat Optical Sight

Leupold is pleased to introduce the next generation in long-range and close-quarter hybrid battlefield optics with the Dual Aperture Gunsight Riflescope (DAGR), the next generation of integrated optical aiming systems for modern small arms. Leupold’s DAGR System integrates the cutting-edge Leupold Mark 6 3-18x44mm riflescope with the CQB-proven Aimpoint Micro T-1. American warfighters can go from 1x to 18x in a fraction of a second with this system. With an overall length of less than 12 inches and weighing just 34.2 ounces, the Leupold ECOS-O solution delivers an incredible field of view and rapid target acquisition at an unmatched length and weight. In order to increase the combat effectiveness, Leupold engineering redesigned the elevation turret to reduce the centerline distance between the two optics to 1-3/4 of an inch. This greatly increases the speed of target acquisition for CQB engagements. The DAGR System was recently submitted as the solution for the Miniature Day/Night Sight Enhanced Combat Optical Sight – Optimized (MDNS ECOS-O) government request for proposal. This system will be available for consumers in 2013. Built in Leupold’s Beaverton, Oregon facility, the ECOS-O is the latest in the company’s proud military history. Currently, more long-range Leupold tactical optics are in service with the U.S. military than any other brand. Aimpoint has been delivering red dot sights to the U.S. Army since 1997. The foundation of the DAGR is the Mark 6 3-18x44mm, which offers a specialized short zero lock 0.1 mil adjustment dial with pop up revolution indicator and an easy-to-adjust ocular housing power magnification adjustment. The system includes a Berry Compliant carrying case, Leupold’s Mark 6 Integrated Mounting System and Sight mount. Contact Leupold & Stevens, Inc., 14400 N.W. Greenbrier Parkway, Beaverton, OR 97006. Phone: (503) 646-9171. On the web at www.leupold.com.

The Ultimate Sight-In Rifle Rest From In-Range Supplies

In-Range Supplies, a division of Range Systems, a leading manufacturer of live fire shooting products for the military, law enforcement and civilian communities, introduces the Sight-Bloc, their multi-level rifle rest. The Sight-Bloc is manufactured from Range Systems patented rubber composite made entirely from recycled rubber particles, which contain fire extinguishing properties, UV protection, and can endure extreme climate conditions. Unlike sandbags, which often shift, leak or absorb water, the Sight-Bloc provides a molded rubber construction that will not freeze, absorb water, or decompose, and always provides a stable and sturdy rifle shooting position. With portable metal gun rests, or with sandbags, it can be challenging to find the correct height to properly sight in your rifle. The multi-level Sight-Bloc features 2 recessed rests that can accommodate heights from 4 inches, 7 inches or 9 inches. It will also accommodate AR-15 platform rifles with 30-round magazines. The Sight-Bloc is currently being used by the U.S. Military and law enforcement agencies throughout the U.S. In-Range Supplies’ Sight-Bloc weighs 14 pounds and its sturdy construction will last a lifetime. The MSRP is $49.99. Contact them at In-Range Supplies, 5121 Winnetka Avenue North, New Hope, MN 55428. Phone: (877) 423-1785. On the web at www.in-rangesupplies.com.

Crimson Trace Introduces Laserguard For Springfield XD-S

The hot, new XD-S pistol from Springfield Armory will soon have the ultimate in laser sights from the leader in the category – Crimson Trace. The popular Laserguard model will be available in November with an MSRP of $219 through the company’s normal distribution network and direct from crimsontrace.com. The popularity of the XD-S hinges on its surprisingly slim frame, which makes the Laserguard platform the perfect combination because it adds no width or bulk to this compact .45 ACP pistol. With a powerful caliber and compact frame, aiming can cause a challenge to shooters. The Laserguard allows the user to get on target quickly due to its patented Instinctive Activation advantage. The Laserguard platform is essential equipment to conceal carry firearms – not a simple accessory. The entire unit adds virtually no weight to the firearm and is quickly and easily installed by the user simply securing around the trigger guard with provided screws. The profile for the pistol does change which is why Crimson Trace works with top holster manufacturers to create holster solutions for all Laserguard equipped firearms. Each Laserguard is pre sighted from the factory at 50 feet and is fully adjustable by the user to fine tune it to their chosen self defense ammunition. Featuring the most powerful laser allowable by law, the unit offers an industry leading 2 hour run time on one, easily replaced 1/3N battery, which also qualifies for the Crimson Trace ‘Batteries for Life’ program. For more information please contact them at Crimson Trace, 9780 SW Freeman Drive, Wilsonville, OR 97070. Phone: (503) 783-5333. Fax: (503) 783-5334. Website: www.crimsontrace.com.

By Robert Hausman

ATK has been notified by the U.S. Army that it was selected for both the production of ammunition and continued operation and maintenance of the Lake City Army Ammunition Plant in Independence, Mo. The initial contract period is seven years, and if all award terms are exercised, the contracts would cover a 10 year period.

ATF Inspection Results by Year

Importers:

No Violations – 2006 52%, 2007 52.75%, 2008 58.37%, 2009 49.37%, 2010 59.03%

Report of Violations – 2006 9.71%, 2007 12.09%, 2008 9.73%, 2009 7.17%, 2010 9.69%

Warning Letter – 2006 6.29%, 2007 9.34%, 2008 9.34%, 2009 4.64%, 2010 7.49%

Warning Conference – 2006 8.57%, 2007 9.89%, 2008 5.84%, 2009 9.28%, 2010 4.85%

Revocation – 2006 1.14%, 2007 .55%, 2008 1.56%, 2009 .00%, 2010 .44%

Manufacturers:

No Violations – 2006 57.29%, 2007 58.5%, 2008 61.13%, 2009 51.68%, 2010 54.95%

Report of Violations – 006 12.94%, 2007 12.32%, 2008 9.84%, 2009 9.62%, 2010 11.13%

Warning Letter – 2006 6.16%, 2007 7.18%, 2008 7.38%, 2009 7.72%, 2010 9.59%

Warning Conference – 2006 5.54%, 2007 5.77%, 2008 5.9%, 2009 5.37%, 2010 7.32%

Revocation – 2006 1.03%, 2007 1.25%, 2008 .12%, 2009 .22%, 2010 .41%

The most common violation found on the part of Importers was failure to timely record information in the bound A&D record.

The most common violation on the part of manufacturers was also failure to timely or accurately record information in the bound A&D record in addition to improper completion of Section A of the Form 4473.

Among Importers, initial missing firearms in 2009 were 2,669 and final missing firearms (after a search was conducted) was 701. In 2010 1,278 firearms were initially missing during inspections, but after resolution a total of only 63 were found to be missing.

Among Manufacturers, some 20,503 firearms were initially reported missing in 2009, but only 11,178 were missing after final resolution. In 2010, 15,303 firearms were reporting missing initially, but only 3,765 after final resolution.

Northrop Grumman Granted Relief from Firearms Disabilities

Northrop Grumman Guidance and Electronics Company, Inc. (NGGECI) (formerly Litton Systems, Inc.), a subsidiary of Northrop Grumman Corporation (NGC), has been granted relief from the disabilities imposed by Federal laws by the Director of ATF with respect to the acquisition, transfer, receipt, shipment, or possession of firearms.

Since 1992, Congress has eliminated funding for ATF to investigate or act upon applications for relief from federal firearms disabilities. However, since 1993 Congress has authorized funding for ATF to investigate and act upon applications filed by corporations for relief from federal firearms disabilities.

An application to ATF for relief from federal firearms disabilities under 18 U.S.C. 925(c) was submitted for NGGECI. In the matter under review, NGGECI, a subsidiary of NGC, had been convicted in United States District Court for violations of 18 U.S.C. 2, 287, 1001, and 1341 in 1986 and, in 1994, for violations of 18 U.S.C. 2, 371, 641, and 1343.

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 925(c), NGGECI, is granted relief from the disabilities imposed by Federal laws with respect to the acquisition, transfer, receipt, shipment, or possession of firearms as a result of these convictions.

USITC Firearms and Ammunition Exports July 2012

Overall U.S. exports (in units) in six sporting arms and ammunition categories decreased 29.8 percent in July 2012 compared to July 2011. July 2012 exported units in tracked categories totaled 66.0 million, down from 94.0 million reported in July 2011.

Handgun exports decreased 40.6% from 27,043 to 16,060 units.

Within the handgun category, Pistol export units decreased 41.1% from 25,275 to 14,889 units while imported Revolver units dropped 33.8% from 1,768 to 1,171 units.

Rifle exports were down 9.7% from 27,275 to 24,633 units.

Telescopic Sights for Rifles (HTS code 9013102000, which includes military use) rose 56% from 36,794 units to 57,411.

The Shotgun category posted a 32.7% increase in exported units from 9,948 to 13,205.

The Muzzleloader category increased 21.6% from 984 to 1,197 units exported.

The Other Cartridges (excluding Shotgun cartridges) category dropped 36.1% from 91.7 million to 58.6 million units exported.

The Shotgun Cartridges category rose 240.8% rising to 7.3 million units as compared to last years 2.2 million.

(Source: U.S. International Trade Commission)

July 2012 Imports Up, Exports Down

Overall U.S. imports (in units) in six sporting arms and ammunition categories increased 36.8% in July 2012 compared to July 2011. July 2012 imported units in tracked categories totaled 206.2 million, up from 150.7 million reported in July 2011. Overall U.S. exports (in units) in six sporting arms and ammunition categories decreased 29.8 percent in July 2012 compared to July 2011. July 2012 exported units in tracked categories totaled 66.0 million, down from 94. million reported in July 2011. All figures are sourced from U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC).

Handgun imports increased 59.7 percent from 165,205 to 263,830 units. Within the handgun category, Pistol import units increased 59.8 percent from 144,990 to 231,735 units while imported Revolver units rose 58.8 percent from 20,215 to 32,095 units.

Rifle imports were up 59.6 percent from 55,778 to 89,049 units. As of July 10, 2012, this category has been adjusted to exclude HTS codes 9303304010 & 9303308005 (Telescopic Sights Imported with Rifles).

Telescopic Sights Imported with Rifles (HTS codes 9303304010 and HTS 9303308005, defined as telescopic sights or other optical devices suitable for use with arms, if mounted on a firearm or entered with the firearm on which they are designed to be mounted) increased 143.6 percent from 1,771 units to 4,314.

Shotgun category posted a 45.3 percent increase in imported units from 52,986 to 77,012.

Muzzleloader category rose 33.3 percent from 14,152 to 18,863 units.

Other Cartridges (excluding Shotgun cartridges) category increased 33.4 percent from 141.5 million to 188.7 million units.

Shotgun Cartridges category increased 91.2 percent rising to 17.0 million units as compared to last years’ 8.9 million.

(Source: U.S. International Trade Commission)

Beware of Who Has Your FFL Copies

Licensed firearms dealers need to be careful when furnishing copies of their licenses to consumers as the following story illustrates.

Troy Haruki Hamura of Lihue Kauai, Hawaii, a postal worker, was recently charged with ordering a rifle from a Florida gun dealer using a federal firearms license without the licensee’s permission. When the dealer shipped the rifle to the licensee through the postal service, Hamura obtained the parcel containing the rifle and later sold it.

A later search of his home found an illegal machine gun. If convicted, Hamura faces 10-years in prison.

Retailer & Wife Arrested for Violations

Robert Jacaman, Sr. and his wife Veronica, operators of the Jacaman Guns & Ammo business of Laredo, Texas have been arrested following an 11-count federal indictment alleging a variety of violations associated with the selling of firearms and ammunition.

The indictment charges that they conspired to provide ammunition and firearm magazines for smuggling into Mexico, selling ammunition to illegal aliens and to a convicted felon and selling an assault rifle to a convicted felon.

Specifically, the indictment alleges they sold thousands of rounds of .223 caliber ammunition to an illegal alien, 1,000 rounds of .223 and 1,000-rounds of 7.62x39mm to an alien admitted into the U.S. under a nonimmigrant visa as well as two instances of selling hundreds of rounds of .223 ammo to a convicted felon. They were said to have sold a CMMG Model 45A rifle to a convicted felon. They were also charged with selling additional rounds of ammunition and 788 high-capacity assault rifle magazines for illegal export.

All firearms, ammunition and magazines referenced in the indictment were intercepted before being delivered to Mexico. The Jacamans face up to 10 years in prison on each of the illegal sale and exportation charges.

ATF Offers $5,000 Reward in Retail Break-In

ATF is offering a reward of up to $5,000 for information leading to the arrest and conviction of the persons responsible for the theft of firearms occurring at federal firearms licensee (FFL) Buck-N-Bass located at 4901 Summer Oak Drive, Gwinnett County, Ga. on September 14th.

During the early morning hours on September 14, Buck-N-Bass was burglarized by unknown persons. The suspect(s) used a stolen pickup truck to smash into the front door and wall of the business gaining entry. Numerous firearms consisting of handguns and rifles were stolen.

The author publishes two of the small arms industry’s most widely read trade newsletters. The International Firearms Trade covers the world firearms scene, and The New Firearms Business covers the domestic market. He may be reached at: FirearmsB@aol.com.

While we’re figuring out how to deal with whatever anti-firearms action is coming at us due to the re-election of Barack Obama, we still have to live our lives. Nothing changed that dramatically other than a lot of people started to realize you can’t run against Santa Claus. It seems apparent that America has finally crossed that point where more people are willing to vote for what the government will give them, than will vote for what our country used to stand for – personal responsibility and rugged individualism. Unfortunately what goes hand in hand with the socialistic re-distribution of wealth is the evisceration of our constitutionally guaranteed rights; including the Right to Keep and Bear Arms. That said, I get to see the strength of many of our young people every day, and I’m not giving up yet.

I don’t see any way to live without being involved in the firearms community and sharing knowledge about weapons and history, so we’re just going to, “Keep on keepin’ on” as the saying goes. Here are some things that you should be aware of: The goal of the online magazine/archive at www.SmallArmsOfTheWorld.com is not to go completely digital, it is to preserve the articles, make them searchable for the readers, and to build a massive library of searchable photos, documents, manuals, research papers, and manufacturers’ pamphlets. Anything to do with our community that’s able to be put online and preserved digitally, is game to be shared with our subscribers.

We’ve been a bit remiss in how we described what we’re doing, so I want to take a bit of space to explain the things that are so great about the SAW site.

1- Our older columns are now being put online and are searchable. That means The Legal Side, New Products, Industry News, Machine Gun Memorabilia, etc., will all eventually be searchable by subscribers.

2- Every week we put two or three new articles online, and one complete back issue of SAR with the articles in a format that is not just a PDF copy, it’s the text, searchable, with all the photos in high resolution, and their captions are searchable. After you sign in, choose an article, and you can read the text. On the right of your screen, will be thumbnails of the photos – just click on them and they’ll expand, with captions, and you can scroll through them, and save them to your computer if you want.

3- The massive archives at LMO, including much of Colonel Chinn’s, Tom Nelson’s, Dan Musgrave’s, Colonel Jarrett’s, Dolf Goldsmith’s and many other people’s libraries are being digitized with proper captioning. Go ahead and try a search for SPIW, or M60, or Maxim, and see how many photos, manuals, research documents, and articles you turn up. If you’re signed in, you can access these and save them for your own use.

4- Signing in: Usually, your name with a period in the middle and a case sensitive password have been supplied to you. If you have trouble getting online, just contact us. We’ll help, and it will be worth it. You can change your user name and password when you get signed in, like almost any other site.

5- Scroll down. There is more on the pages than just what you see. And to get back to the home page and log out, just click on the upper left block that says “SA” and you’ll be back.

6- Keep checking back in. Every two or three days new stuff is being added.

7- The newest issue of SAR- the day it leaves the printer, usually around the 20th of the month, the entire issue goes online. Subscribers can read all the articles from that moment forward.

8- If you’re only paying $39.95 you’re just getting the physical quarterly magazine. For another ten bucks, you get both the online resource and archives, and the quarterly magazine. If you’re paying $19.95, you are online for a year and no physical magazine.

We’re really pleased with where this is going, and anticipate that 2013 will be our best year ever! Thanks for sticking with us, and participating in SAR- Dan


This article first appeared in Small Arms Review V17N1 (March 2013)

The U.S. Automatic Machine Gun Tripod Model of 1915 is one of the mysteries of early U.S. machine gun development and accessories. Rarely seen anywhere in museums or in any private collection, it was intended to be the standard issue tripod for the U.S. Colt Model of 1915 Vickers: but it never came to be other than some initial prototypes and an occasional fleeting glimpse of a single picture or drawing. The Model of 1915 tripod was made by Springfield Armory but never made it into full production there or at Colt. It is, in fact, an almost identical copy of the British Vickers Mark “J” commercial tripod… and the story of this tripod begins there with the British.

As the Maxim went through a number of improvements and refinements, starting with the Model 1901 “New Pattern” Maxim and continuing with the Model 1906 “New Light” Maxim, to the Model 1908 “Light Pattern” Vickers, commercial sales were ultimately lagging, particularly later behind the German 1909 DWM licensed commercial Maxim. Yet, the “Light Pattern” Vickers truly was innovative by eliminating weight and inverting the toggle to break upwards instead of downward. This first Vickers gun was 30% lighter than the 1906 “New Light” Maxim, weighing in at 28 pounds and exactly half the weight of the standard British Service Maxim that weighed 56 pounds. Later, due to increased efficiencies of manufacturing, the weight actually increased to 33 pounds. Still a tremendous weight reduction over the early Maxim designs.

Vickers produced a series of commercial tripods designated as Mark “B”, Mark “C”, Mark “E”, Mark “F” and finally the Mark “J”. All of them were competing against the excellent and highly practical tripod that the Germans offered with their commercial DWM Maxims. The commercial Mark “B” tripod was introduced with the 1906 “New Light” Maxim. It featured a crank handle on the right hand side that allowed the level of the gun to be lowered or raised along sliding rails. Changes were made to the Mark “B” to become the so-called “Mark C” though there is no evidence that Vickers actually designated it as such. The improvements included eliminating the curved slots in which the leg pivots traveled up and down the inside the tripod head.

Though the Mark “B” and Mark “C” tripods were designed for the 1906 “New Light” Maxim, it was felt that the new 1908 “Light Pattern” Vickers deserved a new tripod and the Mark “E” was established. This still had the complicated and expensive to manufacture elevating mechanism that was cranked up with a handle, but the handle was now removable and used to tighten or loosen a bolt holding the slightly curved cradle that supported the gun. The Mark “E” could be supplied with or without wheels and the seat had flash holes that acted as handles on the trailing leg. The Mark “F” was another slight improvement.

All these commercial tripods as offered by Vickers were very expensive to make and ultimately few were sold. Russia bought 268 Mark “E”s and records show only 43 Mark “F”s were sold – for a grand total of slightly over 300 units. Then, Italy ordered 890 Vickers guns but refused to buy any of the expensive commercial tripods and instead had tripods made in Spain. Vickers, with the loss of those tripod sales to Italy, figured they needed to produce a new tripod, the Mark “J” that was much simpler and cheaper to produce.

The Mark “J” eliminated the expensive and complicated wind-up feature of the crank handle to level the gun. Elevation and depression was conducted by a curved cradle sliding on a curved ramp. Additionally, the front legs were adjusted by hand and gone was the crank handle. The Mark “J” was supplied commercially when World War I began with France being the largest buyer of some 2,000 guns and tripods. But, the British War Office, from January 1, 1906 onwards, wanted the heavier 56-pound Mark IV government pattern tripod for all Maxims and Vickers guns. Marks “B”, “C”, “E”, and “F” probably never exceeded 600 units. Only the Mark “J” could have possibly produced a profit for Vickers. It certainly would have made sense for Vickers to produce the Mark IV Government tripod from the beginning in 1906, but the lightweight and innovative tripod offered with the commercial German DWM Model 1909 caused concern for Vickers in the international commercial market.

U.S. Testing

Meanwhile, the United States slowly began to realize that they were way behind in arms development and inventory for their army and began a long series of tests to find a new and modern machine gun for the army as early as 1903. Up to that time, the army was still using various models of Gatling guns. Dragging on for years, these tests ultimately resulted in the adoption of the Colt Maxim Model of 1904 and then the Automatic Machine Rifle Model of 1909 (Benét-Mercié).

Then on March 16, 1913, the Board of Ordnance & Fortification held a meeting to consider the adoption of a new type of machine gun and on September 15, 1913 the Board convened for the competitive test of the machine guns at Springfield Armory. Seven makes of automatic machine guns were submitted but only three were considered worthy of consideration: the Lewis gun, the Automatic Machine Rifle Model of 1909 and the Vickers gun. The Board concluded, after careful consideration of the data collected, together with the knowledge of the suitability of the various designs of machine guns gained by observation during the test, that the Vickers machine gun and the Automatic Machine Rifle Model of 1909 were the only two types sufficiently serviceable to warrant their entry into a further field test.

U.S. Colt Vickers Model of 1915

The Vickers machine gun, as a result of these tests and subsequent field tests held in 1914, was adopted as the approved type for the Army, upon the unanimous recommendations of the Board and designated as the Model of 1915. This was based upon the test results of the three Vickers sent from England along with three Mark “J” tripods. In 1915, funds were made available and were used in making a contract for 125 Vickers guns with Colt’s Patent Fire Arms Manufacturing Company. The machine gun situation rested at this stage until the latter part of 1916 when additional funds were made available, and on December 16, 1916 a further order for 4,000 Vickers machine guns and tripods with 960 pack outfits was placed with the Colt’s. At this point, the U.S. Model of 1915 tripod was to be the standard government issue tripod for the U.S. Model of 1915 Vickers machine gun.

Up to the time of the entry of the United States into the European War on April 6, 1917, the Ordnance Department had been able to purchase, with money available for this purpose, 665 Benét-Mercié Machine Rifles, (the adopted service arm of 1909) and 287 Maxim machine guns, Model of 1904, all of which were issued to the Regular Army and the National Guard. In addition, a total of 353 Lewis machine guns, chambered for the British caliber .303 ammunition, had been purchased from the Savage Arms Corporation during the summer of 1916 for issue to the troops that had been called to the Mexican Border, and who had not previously been supplied with machine gun equipment.

Though Colt’s was under contract for 4,125 Vickers guns, by mid 1917, none had yet been made. Colt’s was busy making other arms and fulfilling other contracts and had difficulty in setting up the factory to produce the Vickers. Colt’s originally thought they could make final delivery of their first contract of 125 guns by May 10, 1917; but it was not to be.

Because Colt’s was running behind schedule, the War Department recommended that an additional 2,500 Vickers machine guns be bought from Britain since they should be immediately available. On December 16, 1916, the Vickers Company was contracted to furnish, among other things, 4,000 Automatic Machine Gun Tripods Model of 1915 (British model Mark “J”); the deliveries of tripods were to commence in June, 1917, and were to be completed November 16, 1917. Vickers replied that fixtures for the above items would not be ready before September, 1917 and that deliveries of tripods would not commence until October, 1917 and the final deliveries of guns would be November, 1917. This would give a considerable number of guns on hand without tripods. This was primarily due to Vickers in war-time production of the government Mark IV tripod.

Springfield Armory had made up some Model of 1915 tripods for the first 125 gun Colt’s contract but was in no position to go into full scale production and the final decision on the type of tripod was uncertain due to production and availability problems. On June 19, 1917, the Ordnance Office sent a letter to Colt’s stating that their proposal to deliver the Mark IV tripod with the first 2,500 Vickers guns, to be delivered under the contract for 4,000 was approved. This letter requested them to proceed with the manufacture of these tripods in order to meet the delivery dates submitted. The end result was that the U.S. Army Ordnance Department adopted the British pattern Vickers as the U.S. Model of 1915 with the British pattern Mark “J” tripod, but ultimately ended up with the British pattern Mark IV tripod which was holding up very well under the harsh conditions of World War I. Since Vickers could only supply the Mark IV tripods for their orders, The Mark IV became the standard and the U.S. Model of 1915 Tripods faded into obscure history.

The Manual

It is interesting to note that the War Department Office of the Chief of Ordnance published manual No. 1775, Handbook of the Vickers Machine Gun Model of 1915 with Pack Outfits and Accessories on March 19, 1917. These manuals were actually put together before the gun even went into production and was pretty much based upon the British version. As such, the manual shows and details the Model of 1915 tripod instead of the Mark IV that was actually adopted, manufactured and used. Additionally, in the detailed description of the tripod that follows below, the text actually describes the British Mark “J” tripod rather than the Model of 1915 tripod as made by Springfield Armory even though the Springfield Armory and exploded parts photograph are of the Springfield Armory model. While the U.S. Model of 1915 tripod is a copy of the British Mark “J”, it is not an exact copy.

Some differences are noted here. The manual states, “A pair of leg clips fastened to the outer tube (in front of the seat) serves to bind securely to the trail the front legs when the tripod is folded.” The Model of 1915 Tripod has a metal loop welded underneath the seat that holds a leather strap that is used to bind the front legs to the trail when folded. There are no metal clips to hold the legs. Additionally, the manual fails to mention the addition of a circular level bubble located on the left side of the traversing arc that is included on the Model of 1915 but not the Mark “J.”

Description of the Tripod

The tripod consists of the following principal parts: Front legs, trail, seat and seat bracket, pintle and pivot, top carriage, body, traversing mechanism and elevating mechanism.

The Front Legs

The front legs consist each of a short length of drawn steel tubing carrying at the upper end the link by which it is attached to the adjusting arc and at the lower end a flattened shoe. One end of the link is turned to fit snugly in the bore of the tubing and riveted thereto in two places. The upper end of the link terminates in three teeth which fit into a circular rack when adjusted for firing. When it is desired to fold the tripod for transportation or to extend the front legs forward in carrying by hand, the slot in the link permits the clamp to be loosened from its seat on the drum and the teeth to be disengaged from the adjusting arc, swung around, reengaged, and clamped.

The Trail

The trail consists of two lengths of steel tubing, called the outer and inner trail tubes. The inner tube fits into and is riveted to a socket, which is also riveted between two semicircular side plates, and at its front end carries two adjusting arcs for the front legs. The outer trail tube forms the trail clamp and holds the attachment for the seat.

The inner tube is turned to fit closely the bore of the outer tube, in which it has a sliding motion, this motion may be stopped and the inner tube clamped in any position by means of the trail sleeve clamp which is riveted to the top end of the outer tube. The sleeve is split for a short distance back from the end, so that by tightening the clamp the lugs are brought nearer together and the inner tube firmly gripped.

The key inserted in the trail sleeve works in a longitudinal slot cut in the surface of the inner tube on the underside and prevents the tube from turning. To the rear end of the outer tube is attached a shoe similar to those on the front legs. This construction of the trail permits adjustment of its length to uneven surfaces and shortening to a minimum length for transportation. A pair of leg clips fastened to the outer tube serves to bind securely to the trail the front legs when the tripod is folded.

The Seat

The seat is of sheet steel pressed to shape. Its front end is pivoted to fit the seat sliding collar which slides on the trail tube. The rear end is pivoted to the seat link, which in turn is pivoted to the seat link collar attached to the outer trail tube.

The seat link collar is of steel and riveted near the end of the outer tube. On the underside of the seat are two lugs of the hinge drilled and riveted to it, the action of which is described below. For transportation the seat slides forward by means of the seat sliding collar to which it is pivoted. The rear of the seat folds down close to the trail and the top of the seat link rests on the trail. In action the seat is slid backward and automatically stops by the contact of the seat link with the seat link collar.

The Pintle

The pintle is a hollow steel forging which furnishes the points of attachment for the legs and trail, the pivot for transverse movement of the gun and top carriage, and the seat for the traversing arc.

In the rear of this casting are machined two surfaces inclining outward to which the traversing arm is riveted. The upper end is turned to form a bearing for the top carriage, traversing pivot and yoke. The rear end of the traversing arm furnishes pivot bearings for the elevating nut, while on the underside is the clamp for the traversing arc, the rear edge of which is turned to an arc struck from the center of the pintle axis and fits into a corresponding groove in the rear of the traversing arm, thus preventing the latter from jumping. The top surface of the seat is machined to form a flat bearing surface for the rear ends of both the top carriage and the traversing arm.

The top and front of the pintle is turned to form a vertical bearing for the top carriage and traversing arm. In the upper part of the bearing is pivoted the yoke.

The Top Carriage

The top carriage is a steel forging consisting of a hub bored out to fit over the pintle and an arm projecting downward and to the rear, to which the traversing arc is riveted. The arm is also gibbed to the top carriage guide by means of the groove engaging the circular lip on the latter. On top of the hub is the pivot yoke drilled and slotted transversely for the trunnion pin. The gun rests between the cheeks of this yoke supported by and rotating on the trunnion pin. One end of this pin is bent to a sharp angle to form a handle, while the other is threaded to receive the adjusting nut. The cheeks of the pivot yoke are reamed out and slotted to the size of the ends of the pin. On mounting the gun the pin is dropped through the slots on the pivot yoke and secured by rotating the handle, thereby tightening the cam.

The web at the rear of the top carriage is cut away just in rear of the hub for the top carriage clamp link, and a hole is drilled through the horizontal web for the top carriage clamp bolt, the head of which is fitted with a lever handle. The eccentric portion of the clamp bolt is fitted with a bushing into a link connecting to a hinged plate. By rotating the clamp bolt this plate is raised to engage the notches under the top carriage guide, thereby locking the top carriage to the body.

The Body

The body consists of the side plates, top carriage guides, trail socket, distance pieces and adjusting arcs of the front legs.

The Traversing Mechanism

The traversing pivot is drilled for the passage of the pivot stud and counterbored slightly as a seat for the shoulder on it.

The traversing arm is a steel casting to one en of which is riveted the pintle and rests upon the shoulder formed at the base of the latter. Slightly in rear of this bearing a curved slot is cut, through which the traversing arc passes, and in rear of this slot the arm is bent downward. At the rear end is formed a yoke in which is pivoted the elevating nut.

In front of the elevating nut is fitted the traversing clamp, which consists of a claw, a bushing and clamp handle. By swinging the handle one way or the other the claw engages the under surface of the traversing arc thereby clamping the arm stationary with the traversing arc. On each side of the traversing arm a traversing stop is fitted to the traversing arc. This stop is fitted with a plunger, a spring and a screw and hooks over the rear of the traversing arc. By pinching this stop between the thumb and forefinger of either hand it may be disengaged and set at any desired position on the traversing arc. When these stops are placed on the extreme ends of the traversing arc, the traversing arm may be swung 22.5 degrees either side of center. By releasing the elevating gear an all round training may be attained but without any clamp.

The Elevating Mechanism

The elevating mechanism consist principally of the outer elevating screw, the inner elevating screw, the elevating nut, hand wheel, the elevating clamp, the elevating nut pin and the elevating pin.

The outer elevating screw is a steel cylinder, on which is screwed at the upper end the handwheel, with six knobs, with which the screw can be turned by hand. A right-hand screw thread is cut on the exterior of the body and a left-hand thread is cut for a short distance on the interior of the body. The remainder of the bore is reamed out to a diameter large enough to clear the inner screw when in place.

The inner elevating screw is a steel forging, at the upper end of which a T-shaped head is formed, which is drilled transversely. This head fits between lugs on the bottom plate of the gun and is secured at one end which is held in place by riveting.

On the body of the screw is cut a left-hand thread corresponding to that on the interior of the outer screw. The lower end is drilled and tapped axially for a stop screw, which, by closing the end of the thread, limits the upward movement of the inner screw when it comes in contact with the bottom of the interior thread in the outer. The elevating nut is a long nut, carrying at its lower end a lug drilled to take the elevating-nut pin by which it is hinged to the top carriage and at its upper end a second lug for the elevating clamp. The bore of the nut is threaded for the outer elevating screw for its whole length. The threaded part is slotted longitudinally through the center of the clamp lug. One side of the latter is reamed to take the body of the clamp and the other is threaded. The clamp itself consists of a bent handle and a body partly smooth and partly threaded. It is inserted through the reamed portion of the lug on the nut and screws through the threaded portion, being kept in place by a collar and pin on the projecting end. By screwing in the clamp still further the two portions of the lug are brought closer together, thus causing the nut to grip the outer elevating screw tightly and prevent any movement of the latter.

As the inner elevating screw is prevented from turning by its attachment to the gun and the elevating nut likewise by its attachment to the carriage, it follows that rotation of the outer screw will cause it to move either up or down in the nut and at the same time force the inner screw in the same direction. The elevating mechanism gives a range in elevation of 16 degrees.

By disengaging the T-head of the elevating screw from the bottom cover plate the gun may be swing around a complete circle. By swinging it around 180 degrees the gun may be elevated to 75 degrees, but without any elevating clamp.

The concept of a firearms mechanism that could effectively reduce felt recoil and muzzle climb while in automatic use has plagued gun designers since small arms have been light enough to carry and configured in full auto. Various methods such as Uziel Gal’s “wrap around bolt” and Eugene Stoner’s in-line stock have proved to be somewhat successful at this, but true controllability has remained a staple of small caliber firearms due to their size. The KRISS Vector .45 caliber submachine gun has been in full production since 2008 and is one of the best attempts so far to achieve true controllability in a large caliber submachine gun.

The patented “Super V” operating system (Super V is the name of the operating system, Vector the actual firearm, the former often mistakenly used for the firearm) is the brainchild of French firearms designer Renaud Kerbrat who started work on the Vector in 2002. In 2006 a pre prototype submachine gun had been produced and in 2007 the prototype Vector made its debut on the Discovery Channel’s Future Weapons series in the “Close Quarters Combat” season. In 2008, the civilian models were released with the CRB (carbine with 16 inch barrel), an SBR, and a pistol variant with no buttstock (SDP, Special Duty Pistol). Both the SDP and the SBR can be ordered with either a 5.5 or 6.5 inch barrel, threaded or unthreaded.

When the Vector was first introduced, it was under a company based in Washington D.C called Transformational Defense Industries (TDI). The company name and location have since been changed to KRISS USA, Inc. and has moved to Virginia Beach. When the name was dissolved and the company relocated, KRISS became not only the branch, but the new manufacturing facility as well. The former TDI was the North American branch of KRISS Arms, which is based in Switzerland (there it is known as KRISS Systems). In addition to these two groups, KRISS Arms recently acquired Sphinx, a company that produces service size handguns and set up Defiance, a tactical accessories brand known for their suppressors, primarily intended for use with the KRISS Vector and Sphinx pistols.

The headquarters and assembling facility of KRISS USA is located in a relatively small office building in Virginia Beach, just down Interstate 264 from the U.S. Atlantic fleet in Naval Station Norfolk. There are no large banners or signs on the glass building, just a small placard on the public entrance that reads KRISS USA, Inc. It is from here that all United States and Canadian transactions, both civilian and law enforcement, are handled. KRISS Systems in Switzerland handles the rest of the world including Mexico. Recently, the director of sales for KRISS USA, Evan McNamara was kind enough to give an exclusive tour of the facilities and sit down for a discussion of the company and its future products.

Walking through the single story structure, it is hard to believe that this is a company turning out thousands of modern-day firearms. Within the building there are only three working spaces and the rest of the rooms are all individual offices. The largest area is the assembly room, with two working tables and an indoor bullet trap where every semi-auto Vector is fired 25-75 times, and the SMGs 200-300 times for certification. This room is also where all the iron sights and EOTechs are bore sighted at 10 meters. The tables are outfitted with a variety of tools that facilitate the assembly of the Vectors. In the next room are CNC machines and the machine shop where KRISS USA manufactures and assembles the Defiance suppressor line.

Apart from the work tables and the CNC operations there is a small room where KRISS’ gunsmiths work completing all the conversions to SBRs. This involves either replacing the 16-inch barrels with the shorter threaded barrel or installing the folding stock on the SDPs. Evan McNamara explained the process, “Once a customer sends us their Vector CRB or SDP, it takes us 1-2 weeks to do the conversion work. We then submit a form 2 to the ATF to register it as an SBR. At the same time, we send a form 3 to the ATF to transfer the SBR to the customer’s class 3 dealer. It takes about 3-4 weeks to get that paperwork approved. Once approved, we send the SBR to the customer’s class 3 dealer. The dealer then has to complete a Form 4 transfer with the ATF to transfer the SBR to the customer.” For readers interested in the Vector, a resident gunsmith explained that it is easier to purchase a SDP and convert it to an SBR than it is a CRB.

Readers will note that the Virginia Beach facility primarily sources the Vector parts from its vendors and does all the final assembly on the production floor. The majority of in-house manufacturing takes place on the Defiance suppressor line. Here lies the genius of KRISS, because it can have a small base of less than 50 employees and maintain good quality control. Some of these vendors include Glock magazines that come standard or with the optional Magpul developed, MagEx manufactured 17-round add on. Troy Industries manufacture the flip up iron sights. There is also the KRISS “Tactical Package” which comes with a number of quality accessories on the Vector such as an EOTech 512, Grip Pod Systems bipod, Surefire Executive tactical light (the front port above the muzzle is specifically designed for this light), and a BlackHawk! single point sling. This assortment can be ordered with the SBR, 16-inch carbine, or the submachine gun. Due to confidentiality, the companies that manufacture the gun’s internals cannot be named.

But how does the Vector stand up to the task that it was intended for? Currently the most publicized Vector adoption is by the Buckeye police department SWAT team in the Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area. Other departments, and some entities overseas, have bought the Vector but remain undisclosed. Some departments even opt for the SBRs and the 2-round burst features in an effort to reduce ammunition expenditures and to keep collateral damage down. As for the civilian sector, a surprisingly popular venue for the Vector is by hog hunters in Texas.

The Vector is not without its disadvantages. Although the operating system and user controls are extremely efficient, innovative and high quality, this same set of features must be learned and trained with. Shooters familiar with a traditional submachine gun layout of selector controls, charging handles, and bolt release have to become familiar with the Vector’s separate selector controls, reset trigger, and close in bolt release/charging handle. Some of the early production Vector’s had issues with shell ejection and jamming. This has since been rectified.

What does the future hold for the KRISS product line? In 2013 a new version will come out as the K10. Conceived in 2010, this next submachine gun is designed to overcome many of the major discrepancies found in the Vector and to expand the line as well. The K10 will be multi-caliber (9mm, .40 caliber, .45 ACP), have a telescoping stock, redesigned charging handle, and a quad rail on the extended barrel. The bolt catch is moved to below the barrel, where the grip is, and it will be more ambidextrous. But this isn’t the only new product about to come out of KRISS. If many thought a recoil mitigating system in a submachine gun was small enough, try a handgun. KRISS will be coming out with the KARD, a handgun where a similar Super V system is used but packed into the frontal frame of the pistol, just in front of the trigger guard. KRISS is also working on a .22 LR version of the Vector, and a possible .50 BMG platform. These last three projects are still several years ahead of development work in Switzerland. For now, the public will have to wait until the next SHOT show before the K10 is unveiled.

The Vector has not caught on like other revolutionary submachine gun designs such as the Thompson, Uzi, or MP5. But it also has not failed such as countless others that are too numerous to name. It has a strong civilian following, even an entire forum (www.KRISStalk.com) dedicated to the gun. Some organizations have adopted it and field experience is the best test of any firearm. With the introduction of the K10 and future developments, KRISS Arms is definitely on the right track.

Contact:

KRISS USA

KRISS USA, Inc.
P.O. Box 8928
Virginia Beach, VA 23450
Phone (757) 821-1089
Fax (757) 689-2113
Sphinx
Sphinx Systems Ltd.
Gsteigstrasse 12
3800 Matten / Interlaken
Switzerland
Tel. +41 33 821 10 05
Fax +41 33 821 10 06

“VMMV’s collection includes about a hundred vehicles; everything from a military mountain bike to main battle tanks. Many of these are out today in static displays and tactical demonstrations to give visitors a sense of the experiences of those who have served in the military. What it was like to be in a tank or facing one across the battleground. What it was like racing across the desert in a hummvee, or sitting in the cramped troop compartment of an armored fighting vehicle. Guests at our Open House will get at least some sense of these wartime realities.” Allan Cors, Board of Trustees Chairman, Americans In Wartime Museum

There’s nothing quite like the awe-inspiring sight, sound and even smell of a 40 ton main battle tank on the move. Particularly if it’s speeding in your direction with apparently malicious intent; armed with a devastatingly effective big bore cannon and a selection of fast firing machine guns. The hulking behemoth bears down on you with the deep roar of its powerful engine spewing acrid smelling black diesel smoke, the urgent clatter and angry high pitched squeal of its caterpillar tracks churning up billowing clouds of choking red dust, and the very earth is shaking as it abruptly turns at the last minute and rumbles close by at seemingly improbable speed. If that quickens your heartbeat and your gut tightens with a feeling of shock and awe, then Allan Cors and his team have accomplished their mission. You “get it” in a way that few other than combat veterans will ever do. Oh, and did we mention that the experience is free and open to the public?

Virginia Museum of Military Vehicles

Open House at the Virginia Museum of Military Vehicles (www.vmmv.org), affectionately known as the “Tank Farm,” has been held annually since 1991, getting bigger and better every year.

VMMV’s sprawling grounds boast large grassy fields, cavernous buildings for vehicle restoration and display, plus a rough and tumble tank driving range; all discreetly nestled in the rolling farmland of northern Virginia’s Prince William County near the city of Manassas; an easy drive from the Nation‘s Capitol.

While late summer in these parts is usually cursed with brutal heat and clinging humidity fed by regular downpours, the event weekend of 18-19 August was blessed with moderate temperatures and mostly sunny skies.

Pleasant weather was certainly one factor in bringing out some six thousand tank and military enthusiasts, but the driving force for those who made the pilgrimage was undoubtedly the opportunity for up-close experience with nearly a hundred vintage armored vehicles from around the world – with the added factor of personal interaction with many groups of uniformed reenactors bringing 20th Century military history to life.

Americans in Wartime Museum

This year marked the second Open House in partnership with the Americans in Wartime Museum (www.nmaw.org), a highly ambitious, multimillion dollar work in progress for VMMV founder Allan Cors and a distinguished Board of Directors.

A special preview of the weekend’s events was held on Friday where VIPs and the media where given an overview of the museum’s novel approach to military history, education, and a status report on progress with fundraising and construction now underway at AIWM’s impressive 70 acre site.

They were also treated to guided tours of VMMV’s restoration operations, a “tank walk” around the display field for fascinating background info on many of the rare armored vehicles, and unbeatable bragging rights from actual pedal to the metal tank driving.

On Saturday and Sunday, AIWM staffers and volunteers presented new programs to recognize and salute military veterans, beginning in a registration area where they were issued a name plate identifying their branch of service and period served.

Children got a special signup sheet with lines to collect signatures from veterans of five U.S. wars and conflicts beginning with WWII. Their incentive was a prize but along the way the educational experience was invaluable.

A veterans round-table was held both days, sharing stories of their experiences that were recorded for archiving in the museum’s rapidly growing collection of oral histories.

Living History Presentations

While real veterans of real wars made their way around the grounds, they merged with crowds of enthusiastic “civilians” of all ages, eager to see the vehicles on display, particularly where reenactment units were set up.

Vehicles were grouped by country and conflict in a timeline around the enormous display field with WWII dominating the terrain. American GIs busied themselves with jeeps and Sherman tanks, British “Desert Rats” bustled about their Bren Gun Carriers, Red Army troops lounged next to a pair of iconic T34s, and steely eyed German soldiers cleaned their machine guns under the distinctive barrel mantlet of a Hetzer tank destroyer.

Moving down the field, the timeline marched on through the decades with French Foreign Legionnaires in Algeria, American GIs in Vietnam, and East Germans behind the Iron Curtain. All dressed in authentic uniforms, armed and equipped with the things carried by soldiers of their time and place.

At regular intervals during the day several of these units took turns on the demonstration field. The premise is simple but powerfully effective: Vintage armored vehicles on the move along with correctly uniformed soldiers. Men and machines in battle scenes come to life from wartime newsreels.

USMC Historical Company

As good a job as all the other living history units do with their portrayals, none can compare with the disciplined and tightly-knit group of current and former from the USMC Historical Company (www.usmchc.org) who, year after year at the Open House and other events, present “Devil Dog” history in superb displays and realistic demonstrations.

Under his steady hand and no-nonsense enforcement of the highest standards, retired Gunnery Sergeant Thomas Williams, the company’s full time director and CEO, the USMCHC was undoubtedly in charge once again.

Their display area was appropriately encamped next to a nicely restored WWII DUKW amphibious truck, (best known by its GI slang name “Duck”) painted in the correct USMC green with yellow markings. This provided the perfect background for a working WW2 field kitchen, serving three meals a day to the unit’s two dozen staffers and volunteers.

Two large green display tents provided shelter for uniformed mannequins depicting Leathernecks from the origins of the Corps in the American Revolution to the ongoing conflict in Afghanistan. Hundreds of authentic Marine Corps artifacts including weapons, equipment and other gear were on display to inform and educate.

WWII Marines in the Pacific

As impressive as the USMCHC’s displays are, the spectacular tactical demonstration they provide is the yearly highlight for many event goers.

Utilizing an educational technique commonly referred to as “Living History,” members – often supported by additional active duty Marines – don uniforms of a particular time period and create an environment that will give an audience a glimpse into the past.

Gunny Williams strongly emphasizes that the USMCHC does not portray combat, or participate in mock battles. “There is no effective way to re-create the tragedy and horror of war,” he stressed in a careful recitation that’s also found on the unit’s website. “Such attempts for live audiences take away from the accurate depiction of history, misleads the audience, and often makes a mockery of what the original veterans endured and accomplished.”

Instead, he said, “What we do attempt to create is a realistic interpretation for the audience that reflect the conditions historical Marines lived under, their training, and how they prepared for combat.”

The crowd-pleasing tactical demonstration that was presented on both days depicted a Marine infantry squad training for bunker assaults in the Pacific Theater of Operations during WWII.

It began with Williams as narrator, introducing the squad and describing the weapons each man carries, including the formidable .30 caliber Browning machine gun and the horrifically awesome flamethrower.

The “training exercise” unfolded with textbook precision as the squad moved out and advanced to encounter an enemy bunker. A belt-fed Browning machine gun laid down a protective curtain of fire while the squad’s fire teams prudently avoided unnecessary exposure, to return fire from the bunker.

Then, called forward by the squad leader’s hand signal, a massive Sherman Tank roared up with its own machine gun chattering away, dramatically punctuated by a deafening blast from the tank’s 75mm main gun.

Custom made pyrotechnic charges that had been previously set by the unit’s powder man were remotely detonated right on cue at the bunker, convincingly simulating hits from the tanks cannon. Additional explosions “walked” toward the enemy emplacement, indicating progress of friendly artillery fire.

Then the squad advanced for the kill, fiercely shooting to protect the flamethrower operator as he moved into effective range. As bright orange and yellow torrents of burning gasoline roared into the bunker, spectators fifty yards away could feel the heat, causing audible gasps and some nervous chatter.

A lesson in the horrors of war not likely to be soon forgotten by those who’s only previous reference comes from movies….

Climb Aboard

Sign up for the Americans In Wartime Museum’s email list for regular notices and an invitation to attend next year‘s Open House (www.nmaw.org/)

Virginia Museum of Military Vehicles

www.vmmv.org

The VMMV is the result of the work and enthusiasm of many people. It was founded in 1989 by Allan Cors as an outgrowth of a lifelong interest in military history and years of collecting a wide variety of historic artifacts that relate to the subject. In 1982, the acquisition of a WWII jeep initiated the passion for military vehicles. Dodge command cars, weapons carriers, GMC and White trucks followed.

In 1984, Allan met fellow collector, Fred Ropkey, whose support and guidance were critically important in opening new vistas for this new endeavor. The first tank was acquired in 1985 and the collection of operational military vehicles has grown dramatically since then. Allan’s collection is shared with the public under the name, Virginia Museum of Military Vehicles.

The VMMV is located at the “tank farm”, a grass airstrip and several adjoining properties located in Prince William County in northern Virginia. Here, under the direction of Operations Manager Marc Sehring, the vehicles are restored and maintained for the collection. It is also the site of the VMMV’s Open House events that have been held since 1991. On these occasions, the vehicles and other historic artifacts are demonstrated to support and enhance the speeches made by the veterans who served their country with this equipment.

In addition, there are other special programs that are provided for current members of the armed services, veterans groups, research organizations, youth groups and charitable institutions. The collection is shared, also, with the public at air shows, parades and veteran reunions. See this website for photos from recent events.

What They Do

The vehicles are kept in or restored to original operational condition so that current and future generations will have an opportunity to see, touch, hear and even smell these important pieces of military history.

Hopefully, this equipment will give visitors a clearer personal understanding of the events and conditions experienced by those who “were there.” The events and programs at the VMMV, as well as the condition of the collection, are the direct result of the hard work and dedication of the full time staff and the many volunteers. These people have a wide variety of experiences and interests, and include veterans who served their country as far back as WWII. They come from a number of states in the eastern U.S. and from as far away as the United Kingdom.

(Need tanks or other military vehicles for your movie? Contact tankstogo.com)

Americans in Wartime Museum

www.nawm.org

The Americans in Wartime Museum is a not-for-profit cultural and educational institution dedicated to honoring those who served in all branches of the United States military and on the home front from World War I to the present, and to educating the public, especially young Americans, about the personal experience, realities of war, and sacrifices made by Americans striving to preserve our freedoms. The Museum’s exhibits inspire their visitors by providing a dynamic, interactive experience, the ability to touch and explore military vehicles and artifacts, and to participate in reenactments and special programs.

About AIWM

“Ordinary” Americans are the foundation of the Americans in Wartime Museum. Theirs are the stories the Museum will tell – the stories of an entire nation answering the call to serve:

• The “ordinary” citizen who becomes a hero in uniform;
• The parent, spouse or child who sacrifices every day on the home front;
• The veterans who survived their experience as prisoners of war or are still listed as missing in action;
• The young Americans who have given their lives on behalf of our nation. For the millions who served in the military, those who worked and waited at home, and those who have only experienced America’s wartime events in a textbook, the Museum will answer the questions:
• Who were America’s citizen soldiers?
• How have Americans answered the call to serve?
• What have we gained from their courage, their commitment, their sacrifice?

The site is on 70 exceptional acres in Prince William County, Virginia. The land, which is immediately adjacent to Interstate 95 at Dale City, will provide the perfect setting for the Americans in Wartime Museum. The location, only 23 miles from the nation’s capital, also provides easy access to other museums, shopping, restaurants and amenities.