For those who remember, 1994 was a very good year. It didn’t start out that way, with the Bans and all, but that was the year that we gun owning Americans caught fire. Our efforts had a lot to do with changing the control of the United States Congress, which passed from an anti Second Amendment group of Democrats, to a group of fire-breathing Young Republicans. Or so we thought they were. Even though much of the change was de-railed by clever Clinton lies and coverups by his fellow traveling media toadies, it was still a very exhilarating time for those of us in the firearms community. The Committee of 1776, before collapsing on itself due to uncommon interests, roared loudly. We put 100,000 people on the streets in 26 states during our “Rally for Firearms Rights”, and another 15,000 people for the rally we held in Washington DC.

There was revolution in the air. The Committee was one of the most significant grass roots movements of our generation of gun owners. Our elected representatives heard our voices. The name and direction started at a kitchen table in the backwoods of Maine, and many similar groups joined in.

It’s hard to think about it today. Our constitutional rights have been slowly betrayed by many of our government institutions. The losses continue to mount. No one seems to mention our victories, because the general media in the United States is against us and covers it up or distorts the news.

Why am I bringing this up you ask? I’ll put it very simply. After the recently failed Senate trial of the president, the Clintonista’s have privately declared war on their “enemies”. We firearms owners are part of that group. Expect the worst. Gun control if not more bans. Certainly, the continued demonization of firearms owners.

Well, it’s déjà vu all over again…. We have been here before, friends.

Something I learned as a street kid in the sixties, and had it re-iterated to me in the Army. Same thing goes in business. Master Sun Tzu taught it thousands of years ago- It is best to win without having to fight. The corollary to that is; if you have to fight, you give it your all. Never give up. Both fists clear in the air, nose to nose, eyeball to eyeball, wit against wit. Strike hard and fast, and keep striking. Haymakers. Sucker punches. Rain it down on them, and yes, if they really want to hurt you, kick them harder when they are down.

The politics of compromise with the anti Second Amendment zealots must end. We need to go to the courts. We need to go to the polls. Clinton and his corrupt bunch of cronies have a plan to destroy all of the last of our freedoms in the coming elections. We need to stand tall, and our resolve must be firm.

SAR is a magazine about military firearms ownership. We usually don’t beat the drum of political change. However, by the nature of our avocation, we are all students of history. As such, we know that the loss of arms, is the loss of freedom itself.

It’s time to start the preparation for the next elections. We lost in the last election due to apathy in the voters- the lowest voter turnout in fifty years was accompanied by a massive “Get out the vote” drive by the Clintonistas- bussing in the welfare crowds, free lunches, allegations of illegally registering immigrants prone to voting for the free lunch society.

Disillusionment of our side.

We need to start now. A number of stalwart individuals have put together lawsuits on the NFA issues. Now it’s time to lock arms and head for the next election together. This is my personal call to the NRA, the GOA, the SAF, all of the organizations, to work together. We need to do this! Let’s start the grass roots rolling again. Let’s get everyone to the polls, let’s contact every candidate and see what they are made of. What’s Jesse Ventura doing in say, another year?

Generally speaking, when you realize the gloves are off, things are looking up. Take your own off and start to make the hits count

-Dan Shea

Colt’s Manufacturing Acquires Saco Defense

New Colt Holding, the parent corporation of Colt’s Manufacturing Co. and Duchosso Industries, announced in early December that it had executed a definitive purchase agreement to acquire the assets of Saco Defense.

The acquisition was widely viewed within the arms trade as yet another sign that the newly reinvigorated 162-year old Colt’s was well on its way towards reestablishing itself in a premier position within the industry.

The Saco acquisition was primarily intended to strengthen Colt’s light military weapons line. In addition, the acquisition of Saco’s sporting arms capability (Saco produces a bolt action hunting rifle for Weatherby, Inc.) means Colt’s now has the capability of entering the hunting rifle arena by producing a line of Colt-brand bolt-action rifles from the Saco plant in Maine.

Saco is chiefly a military arms manufacturer whose product line of MK19 and Striker grenade launchers, as well as light machine guns, complements Colt’s M-4 military carbine and M-16 rifle line.

Both firms’ manufacturing and engineering operations will remain independent, and all current products will continue to be manufactured in their respective current locations. There are no planned workforce reductions, according to management. Colt’s international sales network will help market Saco’s products.

More Deals Pending

“This is the first of what I expect will be several acquisitions,” said Steven Sliwa, Colt’s recently named president and CEO. “The finalization of this merger positions Colt’s to be a premier supplier of military small arms. I am looking forward to the future profitability and strengthening of both organizations as we move forward with technological advancements.”

“This merger ensures the integrity of the quality weapons and weapons systems produced at Saco Defense,” added Bruce Makas, Saco’s president. “We are excited to be part of this growing organization.”

Donald Zilkha of New York, co-organizer of the investment partnership which owns New Colt Holding, commented, “The acquisition of Saco’s assets, combined with Colt’s new 1999 product which specifically addresses needs in the marketplace, and the continued development of ‘smart gun’ technology, makes us feel well-positioned to take advantage of growing market opportunities.”

Among the new products coming from Colt’s are .40 S&W and 9mm versions of the recently introduced Colt Defender, a compact M1911-style pistol that is selling above expectations. Another product is the Pocket Nine, an ultra-compact 9mm pistol. The long-awaited Colt Cowboy, an affordably-priced version of the firm’s legendary Single Action Army, is shortly expected to become available.

In the rifle category, expect to see the new “Colt Tactical Elite,” a highly accurate .223 rifle with a floating bull barrel, Choate stock, flat top receiver, and a tuned trigger. The rifle is said to be capable of producing 1-inch groups at 100 yards, out-of-the-box.

For the military, a new M-16 bayonet as well as a gravity knife for paratroopers are among the products in development.

Acquired through bankruptcy reorganization in September 1994, Colt’s Manufacturing has been restored to profitability, ending a decline begun under past owners that had led the company into strikes, boycotts and bankruptcy.

Colt’s President Profiled

“My role is to position the company for growth while gaining greater market share through the development of new products, innovation and technology,” Sliwa said during a recent interview.

Sliwa, who came on board in mid-August, replaced Ronald L. Stewart, who had announced his decision to retire from the company effective September 17. Stewart had been with Colt’s for about two years and had concentrated his efforts on the completion of a restructuring of the company’s business and manufacturing operations. Stewart had also become embroiled in the gun control controversy by calling for national gunowner licensing and other measures that upset and enraged many firearms rights activists.

Sliwa spent the past seven years as president of Embry-Riddle University in Daytona Beach, Florida, which specializes in teaching aviation and aerospace disciplines. Prior to that, he was vice president of product development for Integrated Systems, Inc. of Mountain View, California, an embedded software company. He was a research manager at NASA earlier in his career and also founded an educational software company known for its products for the blind and for college board exam preparation.

Sliwa holds bachelors, masters and doctorate degrees in engineering from Princeton, George Washington and Stanford Universities, respectively, and a master’s degree in management from Stanford.

A Shooter

“One of the best things about being at Colt’s is being involved with the firearms industry and to be able to go to the company range and blast away with M-16’s, M-4’s and Anacondas,” he continued. “I am a life member of the NRA and did a lot of target shooting with my father when I was growing up in western New York state. My wife is also a shooter. When this opportunity at Colt’s came up, it gave both of us a chance to get back into something we both enjoy,” Sliwa exclaimed.

“When Donald Zilkha (Colt’s chairman contacted me about this position and said he needed someone who felt comfortable dealing with government folks in Washington, D.C., as well as working with the press, and someone who is high-tech oriented, is a shooter and prepared to fight for firearms rights, I responded that I fit all the categories and it seemed to be a job made in heaven for me.”

Ask for his main mission at the company, Sliwa explained, “Overall, it is in strategies and relationships. We have a great team here and have been adding to our engineering talent. What I intend to do is build relationships not only with our consumers, retailers and distributors, but also in Washington, D.C., and within the firearms industry itself.”

Colt’s has scored a couple of victories recently in that it has won back all the M-16 contracts and is now the exclusive M-16 and M-4 carbine manufacturer for the federal government. The company has also recently won its first research and development contract in over a decade from the US military. The contract is for development of an under barrel-mounted shotgun for the M-16 rifle.

The highly-publicized Bank of America shoot-out in Los Angeles in 1997 involving two head-to-toe body armor-clad individuals who sprayed the street with an illegally converted full-auto rifle, equipped with a 100-round Beta C-Mag drum magazine, has prompted many police departments to trade-in their pump action shotguns and purchase the semi-auto version of the Colt’s M-4 carbine (this product can only be sold to government agencies under federal law).

‘Smart Guns’

Since Colt’s is the only company with a research grant from the federal government to develop so-called smart gun user recognition firearm technology, Sliwa reports he has been appearing on television frequently to testify against legislatively-mandated use of such user recognition technology on firearms, as has been proposed in Maryland and New Jersey. “Reporters have been shocked to discover Colts opposes ‘smart gun’ mandates as we know most of our customers are totally content with the current safety standards of firearms,” Sliwa said. “Though there are some firearms users who would like to have the option of experimenting with such technology, they are totally against any sort of government mandate requiring the use of ‘smart guns,’ and so is Colts. Going on the news shows also gives us an opportunity to talk about the Second Amendment and the value of firearms rights in general.”

Firearms user recognition technology is at least several years away from the completion stage, and Colt’s is working on a version for use by law enforcement personnel in which the authorized user must wear an electronic bracelet.

If, and when the police technology is perfected, the gunmaker may pursue developing a version that could be offered for sale to the public as an optional firearms feature. Experiments on the consumer version are ongoing and involve fingerprint and voice recognition methods as well as skin conductivity technologies.

As mentioned, Sliwa was with an embedded software company earlier in his career, and such technology may have an application in firearm user recognition systems. “We think it is a viable concept to wed electronics and guns and we will try to find ways to make that happen in a way that works reliably,” he said. “In the meantime, we have a lot of work to do with our core offerings, and that’s where we will be focused.”

In a related matter, the recent trademark dispute between Colt’s, O.F. Mossberg & Sons, Inc. and Fulton Arms (manufacturer of another user recognizing firearms system) over the right to use of the name “smart gun,” ended up with a decision that the name had been used so much that it had become a generic term that no one owned. If Colt does eventually market a firearm incorporating user recognition technology, it will likely use a name other than “smart gun” for the product, due to that name’s prior extensive use.

In conclusion, Sliwa said Colt’s greatest asset is its name. “This company has such a great name and that has allowed it to survive good, bad and mediocre company presidents. I hope to do more than just help Colt’s survive, I want it to achieve its full potential as it moves into the 21st century.”

Saco Products

Saco’s Striker 40mm Advanced Lightweight Grenade Launcher was developed in partnership with Computing Devices Canada and BOFORS Carl Gustaf of Sweden and is said to be the first major advance in crew served weapon systems since the end of World War Two.

The Striker is a highly portable 40mm machine gun usable by the combat soldier in small, mobile tactical units. It can provide a decisive technological advantage over an enemy equipped with older crew served weapons. The gun’s sophisticated fire control system utilizes video image processing and ballistic computer technology to assist soldiers in detecting and recognizing targets. New high performance ammunition has been developed for the piece. Programmed air-bursting fuse technology ensures that each round detonates at the intended range, scattering lethal fragments onto the intended target.

Weighing just 38.6 lbs., the Striker (marketed in Europe by BOFORS Carl Gustaf as the CG40) first at the rate of 250-300 rpm, is 34.65-inches in length, 7.72-inches wide, and 7.48-inches high. A built-in round counter aids in establishing regular maintenance.

Saco’s Mk19 Mod3 40mm machine gun system, whether employed in either offensive or defensive operations, is designed to provide a heavy volume of accurate, lethal 40mm anti-personnel/anti-armor grenade fire to a range of 2,200 meters. When firing M430 High Explosive Dual Purpose grenades, the MK19 provides lethal fire against lightly armored vehicles and dismounted infantry. It will penetrate 50mm of rolled homogeneous armor and dismounted personnel within a radius of 15 meters from impact, will be killed or seriously injured by blast and fragmentation.

The MK19 features sustained automatic or single shot firing, with dual spade grips for controllability and a removable barrel with no headspacing or timing adjustments needed. Its open bolt firing system works to eliminate cookoff of rounds, enhances cooling between shots and facilitates sustained firing at 3 to 5 round bursts. Its mean rounds between failure exceeds 20,000 rounds. A full range of day and night sights, laser range finders and laser aiming devices are available and many of these fire control systems can be used with the M60 and M2HB .50 caliber machine gun series. Obtaining a muzzle velocity of 790 fps, the MK19 has a 325-385 rpm rate of fire, weighs 72.5 lbs., length 43.1-inches, and width is 13.4-inches.

Several mounts are available to increase the MK19’s versatility. The MK64 Carriage & Cradle is for vehicle, boat and ground-mounted applications. The M3 Tripod mount is best suited for ground use, and the MSGH19 Stainless Steel mount is best suited for vehicle or boat use and an optional armor shield is available.

The MK19 Mod3 Daylight Optic & Adjustable Sight/Bracket improves the gunner’s ability to acquire and accurately attack targets. It replaces the existing MK19 iron sight and non-adjustable M2 weapons bracket. The bracket contains an iron sight (consisting of a hooded post front and an rear aperture peep sight) and two mounting points for day and night optics, infrared aiming lights indirect fire module and other accessories. In use, the gunner determines the range to the target, sets the sight/bracket for the proper range using the adjustment lever, activates the range lock, overlays the reticle or infrared aiming light on the target, then fires.

The M2HB Series (heavy barrel) .50 caliber machine gun manufactured by Saco Defense provides a heavy volume of accurate, lethal fire using NATO standard 12.7mm ammunition. It is a recoil-operated, alternate-feed, link belt-fed, air-cooled , crew-served gun designed to fill the gap between 7.62mm machine guns and heavier, more-costly arms. It is in use by over 30 countries and provides sustained automatic or single shot firing, Its closed bolt operation in the single shot mode provides increased accuracy when used in a sniper role.

The range of ammunition available for the M2HB includes M33 Ball for soft-skinned targets and personnel, Slap for lightly armored targets, M8API giving an incendiary effect on lightly armored targets, M17 Tracer allowing observation of fire, M1A1 Blank and M2 Dummy rounds for training.

The applications for the M2HB include: firing on dismounted infantry, bunkers, weapon emplacements and lightly, armored vehicles and boats; fire suppression; defense against aircraft; protecting convoys, assembly areas and supply trains; reconnaissance by fire; and drug enforcement.

Accessories include the M2HB Quick Change Barrel Kit which offers fixed headspace, barrels with interrupted threads, removable barrel changing handle and alignment retention slots to facilitate quick barrel changes.

Saco’s M60 machine gun series (including the M60E3, M60D, and M60E2) using NATO standard 7.62mm ammunition, are air-cooled, gas-operated, belt fed designs that have proven to be one of the most widely-used general purpose machine gun series in their caliber.

The M60E3 Lightweight Assault Machine Gun (illustrated in these pages) is about 20% lighter in weight (at 19.5 lbs. with a standard barrel) compared to a standard M60 (at 24.5 lbs.). The M60E3’s three Stellite-lined, chrome plated interchangeable barrels (available in lightweight, lightweight/short length and heavy) give the soldier employment flexibility and the barrel mounted carrying handle aids in the removal of a hot barrel. A gas cylinder locknut enables easy disassembly/assembly and cleaning while a reversible piston prevents improper assembly.

Specifications for the M60E3 are as follows: maximum effective range 1,100 meters (1,200 yards); maximum range 3,725 meters (4,075 yards); muzzle velocity 2,800 fps; rate of fire 500-650 rpm; weight 19.2 – 20.8 lbs. (depending on barrel used); length 37-inches – 42.4 inches (depending on barrel); width 120mm (4.8-inches).

Saco’s products nicely complement existing Colt military products such as the M203 Grenade Launcher which turns any Colt M16A1 or M16A2 5.56mm rifle into a versatile double threat system. A complete self-cocking mechanism in the receiver (including striker, trigger and positive safety lever), allows the M203 to operate completely independently from the host firearm. Low recoil enhances accuracy up to 400 meters. A lightweight, single-shot, breech-loaded arm, it is designed to be installed with only two screws using a standard screwdriver, and without barrel modification.

In operation, the M203’s barrel slides forward in the receiver to accept a round, and slides backward to automatically cock and lock in the closed position, ready to fire. The sight system consists of a battle sight mounted on the handguard adjustable for ranges of 50 to 250 meters. A quadrant sight furnished with each launcher mounts on the carry handle and is adjustable for 50 to 400 meters. Firing the most commonly used CN/CS gas and various signal rounds, the M203 is constructed of high-strength aluminum alloy, making it extremely rugged, yet light in weight.

Colt’s submachine guns combine the M16A2’s straight line construction with the low recoil of 9mm ammo to provide highly accurate fire with less muzzle climb, especially in the full automatic mode. Firing from a closed bolt with a last round hold-open feature, models are available with fire control configurations of safe/semi/full, safe/semi/3-shot burst and safe/semi. All have telescoping buttstocks and are offered with barrel lengths of 7 or 10.5-inches. The 9mm NATO round yields 1,200 fps muzzle velocity versus 3,150 fps for the 5.56mm round, giving reduced penetration for certain combat situations.

Crossfire

Colt’s is also expected to be soon marketing the Crossfire rifle/shotgun system. The Double-barrelled long arm fires .223 Remington or any 12 gauge shells, including less-than-lethal rubber pellets, bean bags, CS-CN gas or OO Buck and slugs. The rifle section is designed with a 1-9 twist to optimize the use of .223 ammunition. Manufactured under ISO-9001 quality control standards, the Crossfire utilizes a pump action for both firing systems, optional Meprolight Tritium adjustable night sights, Invector-style choke tubes, single trigger and fire control selector, Picatinny-style optical rail on the receiver and under the forearm, 4-round removable shotgun magazine, AR-15 type 5-round rifle magazine, composite stock and forearm. The piece is available in black oxide or camo finishes. Length overall is 38-inches and weight is 8.6 lbs.

One would not think to generally correlate the class three world and the art world within the same thought process. But to devotees of the class three world, art within that subject is not that big of a leap. Focusing on a specific inanimate object or subject in an artistic form is a logical extension of expression. Whether trying to capture a moment, an idea or a concept, the artist uses many different mediums to convey their thoughts.

Obviously, automatic weaponry is not a subject matter that would appeal to a wide general audience and as such there is not a lot of material that addresses this topic for the masses except that artwork created for commercial purposes such as posters. While readers of this magazine tend to see graceful lines, proper proportions, ingenious design, skilled craftsmanship and mechanical efficiency, others merely see abhorrent instruments of death. However, that is not to say that the subject is completely ignored. Statues, objects d’art, desk ornaments and paintings have been created over many years using automatic weapons as an integral part of the subject to commemorate service time, battles, personal remembrances and specific activities as well as that art used for commercial messages.

The following photo selections are but a small sample of different art forms, used for different purposes, with a common theme that is of particular interest to those of us who are interested in the subjects they represent. Some have been created in exacting detail while others rely on a concept. Remember that art is subjective and what we consider to be art may be thought of as kitsch by others. Either way the artist, whether professional or amateur, has made a statement and it is up to each individual to interpret the meaning and purpose. But I think it is safe to say that the readers of this magazine can appreciate the artistic efforts of the subjects as represented here.

SPRINGFIELD ARMORY’S “BUREAU MODEL” PISTOL

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has officially adopted Springfield Armory’s 1911-A1 pistol specially built in the Springfield Armory Custom Shop. Beating a field of competitors that included some of the most famous gunsmiths and custom shops in America, Springfield Armory won the contract to supply 5,000 customized 1911-A1 pistols to specially trained FBI agents nationwide. The contract is the largest of its kind ever issued by the FBI. The nation’s foremost law enforcement agency intends to issue the Springfield Armory pistols at a rate of 250 guns every six months to its SWAT-trained agents. The FBI issued incredibly stringent accuracy and reliability standards. The pistols endured a 20,000 round torture test and still shot into 1.5 inches at 2 5 yards. Known as the “Bureau Model, the pistol specified by the FBI will also be available in a limited supply to the public (authentic in every detail). Specifications include: match frame and slide, match throated barrel with polished feed ramp and match bushing, tuned and polished ejector, fitted beavertail grip safety, checkered front strap, flat checkered mainspring housing. Other features include Novak combat rear sight with three-dot tritium inserts, fitted S&A mag well, Springfield Custom hammer and sear, carry bevel package on the entire pistol, checkered Coco Bolo grip panels, ambidextrous thumb safety, lowered and flared ejection port, custom fitted Videcki trigger with a tuned 4.5 pound pull, Black finish on the entire pistol, and special Bureau Model markings and serial number. Springfield has also introduced a less expensive civilian series of pistols that are based on the “Bureau Model” called the TRP (Tactical Response Pistol) series. For more information on this new line of pistols contact Springfield Armory at Springfield, Inc., Dept. SAR, 420 West Main Street, Geneseo, IL 61254. Phone: 1-309-944-5631. Fax: 1-309-944-3676.

WIN MAG AMMO FROM BLACK HILLS

This is an entirely new caliber from Black Hills. With the success of their .308 Match loading they have received many requests to introduce a .300 Win Mag loading. This load is their response. Patterned after the Navy’s .300 Win Mag sniper round, this long range accuracy load features Sierra’s 190 grain boat tailed match hollow point bullet traveling at 2950 feet per second. It is also available with the optional moly coating. Many military special operation teams and civilian law enforcement SWAT teams are going to the .300 Win Mag round for their long range rifles. This load will provide an off the shelf match grade round for them as well as for the individual requiring long range precision and power. For more information contact, Black Hills Ammunition, Dept. SAR, P.O. Box 3090, Rapid City, SD 57709-3090. Phone: 1-605-348-5150. Fax: 1-605-348-9827.

STEINER ULTRA COMPACT 8X22 MINI-SCOPE

Steiner has now introduced their uniquely designed 8×22 Mini-Scopes. The new scopes combine precision optics into an ultra compact designed monocular to provide unmatched utility and versatility for any occasion where enhanced vision is needed. The miniature monocular delivers 8 power magnification and bright, super sharp images with precision-ground German optics in a slim-profile design. The mini-scopes light transmission actually exceeds that of many binoculars. The new Mini-Scope weighs only 3 oz. and is less than half the size of a wallet, so it fits easily into a shirt or pants pocket or can be conveniently carried on a lanyard. The scope’s portability makes it a great accessory for anyone on the go. The Mini-Scope is so small that wanna-be spies can fold it in the palm of their hand so that it’s not visible when observing. Steiner is highly regarded among sportsman for making touch-as-nails, yet extremely precise and bright binoculars and scope. The Mini-Scope is no exception. Its rigid, shock-resistant body and the multi-coated lenses deliver clear, bright images, even in low light. The Mini-Scopes are offered in a choice of brushed metal silver finish or a forest green matte finish with a leather carrying case and optional adjustable neck lanyard. Also available is a classy Limited Edition Mini-Scope, in silver, presented in a cherry case with the distinctive Steiner-Germany logo deeply etched on the lid. For more information, about Steiner and its full product line contact Pioneer Research, Dept. SAR, 97 Forest Road, Suite 5, Moorestown, NJ 08057. Phone: 1-609-866-9191. Fax: 1-609-866-8615. On the web at www.pioneer-research.com.

GLOCK WORKS 3.5 CONNECTOR

Glockworks, a division of Gunworks International, has introduced its latest custom manufactured part for the Glock line of pistols, the Glockworks 3.5 Connector. This new part results in a smoother take-up and lighter trigger break. This is a drop-in part that will noticeably improve the trigger pull of any Glock pistol. It’s a must for the competitive, practical and recreational shooter. The Glockworks 3.5 Connector is heat treated for increased strength, durability and performance. It is available in three finishes which include a Factory Finish which matches the Glock factory finish, the Stainless Steel finish which allows shooters and gunsmiths to polish or tune the connector for custom trigger jobs without losing corrosion resistance and the Stainless Steel with GWI Tuf-Coat finish. This last finish offers the ultimate in superior corrosion resistance and lubricity. The Glockworks 3.5 Connector comes with a lifetime replacement guarantee. Glockworks also offers a complete line of firearms, custom services and accessories for the Glock shooting enthusiast. For more information contact Glockworks International, L.L.C., Dept. SAR, 9 Pennywise Lane, Old Saybrook, CT 06475. Phone: 1-860-388-4591. Fax: 1-860-388-026. Visit them on the web at www.glockworks.com.

In this, the third part of the HK ID guide, we are covering the basic semi-automatic variants imported into the United States by HK in Sterling Virginia. In later parts to this series, SAR will cover the clone imports and other manufactured variations of the HK line. SAR would like to thank Jim Schatz of HK Federal Operations for his assistance in this part of the series, and his and HK’s help in general. As an aside, the SL8-1, a semi-automatic version of the G36 rifle with a special ten round magazine has just been approved for importation. We were unable to obtain photos before presstime, but SAR will be doing an in-depth report on this.

SP89

BBl length 4.5″ O/A length 13″ Weight 4.4 Lbs mag capacity 15 or 30 rounds. Utilizes the HK recoil operated, delayed roller locked bolt system.

The SP89 is a 9mm semi-automatic pistol that is frequently used with a registered HK conversion sear to create an MP5K clone

HK 94

Cal: 9mm x 19 weight: 6.43lbs OA length: 34.59″ Bbl length: 16.54″

The two basic buttstocks on the HK semi autos are the fixed stock (A2) (Shown) and retractable stock. HK94 markings are on the top of the receiver, to the front of the sight. The HK94 is a true semi-automatic in that it uses a clip on trigger group. Probably the most desirable of the HK semi’s, the HK 94 has been the host gun for many registered sear and registered receiver conversions to the MP5 format (Not by HK, of course). It is the host gun for the clone MP5’s, MP5SD’s, and pre-SP89 MP5K’s.

HK 93

Cal: .223 weight: 7.75lbs OA length: 35.5″ Bbl length: 16.13″

The HK93 is the semi-automatic version of the HK33 rifle. This was used as the host rifle for registered HK sear conversions to HK33, HK53, and 53k variants in the US.

HK 770

Cal: .243 or .308 weight: 7.5lbs OA length: 42.8″ Bbl length: 19.6″

Manufactured in .243 and .308, this hunting rifle used the HK delayed roller locked bolt system and polygonal rifling. Registered HK sears are not usable in this series.

HK SL7

Cal: .308 weight: 8.37lbs OA length: 39.96″ BBl length: 17.71″

The SL7 is the German Army Reserve training rifle. The sights approximate those of the G3 rifle. It has a unique carbine stock and shorter barrel than the HK770.

HK 91

Cal: 7.62x51mm weight: 9.5lbs OA length: 40 1/4″ Bbl length: 19″

The HK91 was the flagship of HK rifles- it is the semi-automatic version of the famous G3 rifle. Registered HK sear installations were done to many of these, and it is the host rifle for G3, HK51, and HK 21 conversions in the US.

HK 911

Cal: 7.62x51mm weight: 10.9lbs OA length: 42.5 ” Bbl length: 19.7″

This is the original “Thumbhole stock” version of the HK91 rifle. These were HK91’s that had the barrel sleeved to get rid of the frightening threads, and a new stock and forend added to bring them into compliance with the 1989 ban on importation of scary “Assault” rifles. The “1” was stamped on to make it “911”.

HK SR9

Cal: 7.62x51mm weight: 10.9 lbs OA length: 42.5″ Bbl length: 19.7″

The SR9 is the final version of the HK91 “Import friendly” rifle that was imported from 1989 to 1994.

MSG90

Cal: 7.62 x 51mm OA Length: 45.87″ BBl length: 23.62″ weight: 14.11 lbs.

The MSG90 Sniper Rifle is one of the finest semi-automatics in the world, but it uses a swing down lower and is considered a machine gun. Standard accessories include the 10x Hensoldt scope, Stanag mount, and a crisp 3 lb trigger pull with adj. Shoe.

MSG90A1

The barrel is threaded to accept a flash hider or suppressor. In addition, the A1 has a hooded front night sight and 1200 meter adjustable rear sight. A brass deflector is standard on the A1, just to the rear of the ejection port.The MSG90A1 was originally referred to as the MSG90-DMR (Designated Marksman Rifle).

PSG1

Cal: 7.62x51mm weight: 17.86lbs OA length: 47 5/6″ Bbl length: 25.59″

The PSG1 Sniper Rifle is a highly refined version of the HK91 rifle. It uses a clip on lower so is a true semi-auto in the US.

SR9T

Cal: 7.62x51mm weight: 10.6 lbs OA length: 42.5″ Bbl length: 19.7″

The “import friendly” SR9T is the target version of the SR9 rifle. It utilizes the PSG1 trigger group and the MSG90 buttstock.

SR9T-C

Cal: 7.62x51mm weight: 10.9lbs OA length: 42.5″ Bbl length: 19.7″

The “import friendly” SR9T-C was the Target / Competitor version of the SR9 rifle. It utilizes the PSG1 trigger group and buttstock.

Military Handguns Of France 1858-1958

By Eugene Medlin And Jean Huon
Published by Excaliber Publications
PO Box 36, Latham, NY 12110-0036
ISBN# 1-880677-02-4
Price $ 22.95 plus $ 4.50 s&h
Reviewed by Stephen Stuart

One of the first pistols I was ever given as a teenager (before it became politically incorrect to give anyone under twenty-one a firearm) was an old French Model 1892 Revolver in 8mm Lebel. The pistol always held a special emotional significance for me since it was a gift from my father. Besides not being able to find ammo for it as a youngster, I wasn’t able to find a whole lot of hard data on the firearm either.

This has since been changed with the publication of, Military Firearms Of France 1858-1958. This book not only covers my Model 1892 Lebel in wondrous detail. It
also covers all the pistols made and used by France between these years (1858-1958). The first pistol mentioned in the text is the Lefaucheux, a pin fire pistol that was used on both sides of the United States Civil War. After the Model 1892, other pistols are covered including ones adopted by France during both World Wars (Ruby, Colt, Walther, Mauser HSc, and the French Model 1935 just to briefly mention a few). The last chapter in the book covers the French Model 1950 semi-automatic handgun 9mm (which has since been replaced by the Beretta 92).

If you are interested in French firearms or would like to find out about that Walter P-38 with French markings, this is a good place to start. I highly recommend this book for all the firearms enthusiasts out there, domestic and foreign.

The P-38 Automatic Pistol, The First Fifty Years

By Gene Gangarosa Jr.
Published by: Stoeger Publishing
55 Ruta Court,
South Hackensack, NJ 07606
ISBN# 0-88317-170-8
Price 16.95 plus 4.50 s&h
Reviewed by Stephen Stuart

Of all the firearms in my collection, the P-38 models are my most beloved pieces. I was first introduced to these handguns by relatives early in life, along with the countless World War II movies showing German officers clutching P-08 Lugers or the Walther P-38s. It is from these types of histories (oral, literature, and movies) that the Walther inspired pistol has taken on a mystique in our society.

Mr. Gangarosa Jr. is a well known writer in the popular gun press such as Gun, Gun World, and Combat Handguns to name just a few. He is also the author of Modern Beretta Firearms. Mr. Gangarosa’a book takes the reader from the early development of the early Walther series pistols (the Walther Model 1) though Walther’s first double action handgun design, the Walther Model PP (Polizei Pistol or Police Pistol). When the German military decided it needed a new 9mm handgun to replace the more expensive P-08 Luger. It was Walther’s 1938 model MP that was selected by the Heerswaffenamt to officially replace the Luger handgun, the new pistol was then designated the P-38. The P-38 would be the first 9mm double action pistol, it’s design would later influence the “wonder nine’s” of today.

The text (with the help of photographs) goes into great depth discussing the early model P-38s; the Model HP (Heeres Pistol), and subsequent non-Walther produced pistols during the war years, Mauser and Spreewerke models, are covered. Included in this account are the different proof codes, slide markings, and serial number ranges. The author even includes French produced P-38s, sometimes referred to as the “Gray Ghosts” that were produced after the war. Modern P-38 pistols are given coverage, the P-1, P-4, and P-38K. Finally, there is a section that deals with current produced pistols from Walther, like the Walther TPH in .22 long rifle.

For the collector’s of P-38 pistols or other German military arms, this is a must addition in one’s library. It covers the entire P-39 history form the beginning to today. The book is full of black and white photos, along with line drawings high—lighting important features, such as markings and operation. The only thing I can honestly complain about, is I wish the book had a chapter dealing with all the different holsters that have been issued with the Walther pistol. In particular, the German produced holsters during the war years. With this personal bias aside, for under twenty bucks, this 272 page book is worth every penny.

The names of some cities in the world can’t help but conjure images that extend beyond their mere geographic location. When you hear the name Detroit you think of cars, Pittsburgh you think of steel, and when the average gun enthusiast mentions “Oberndorf” you know he is talking about firearms-usually bolt action or automatic rifles. Nestled in the Neckar river valley, Oberndorf is found in the Black Forest region of southwest Germany. Relatively undamaged by the explosive unpleasantness of WWII, Oberndorf is not only a charming picturesque town, but is also home to the world titans of arms production and design: Mauser and Heckler&Koch.

Oberndorf has a long history of producing military small arms. Founded in 1811 by King Frederich the First of Wuerttemberg as an arsenal to produce muskets for his army, the facility was typical of many factories that sprang up during the Industrial Revolution. As the years rolled by the arsenal kept abreast of changing small arms technology as infantry longarms evolved from the crude flintlock musket, to percussion rifles, and then breechloaders. For generations the arsenal was a source not only of local pride but was the foremost employer in the area. Following Otto von Bismarck’s unification of Germany the factory at Oberndorf became a symbol of national pride when two brothers, Wilhelm and Paul Mauser (mostly the younger Paul), created what became the standard by which all other military rifles were judged-the 1898 Model Mauser Rifle.

The 1898 Mauser and the designs which preceded it, made the name of Mauser a household word across the globe and the worlds armies beat a path to Oberndorf . Also during this period the Mauser factory produced not only the best rifle extant, but also the first successful self-loading pistol, the venerable C96 “broomhandle”. The C96 was not designed by Paul Mauser but he recognized the pistol’s potential and immediately snapped it up. During WWI the factory went all out to supply the German army with enough Gewehr 98’s to send into the meatgrinder of the trenches.

Following Germany’s defeat in 1918 the Mauser factory underwent some dramatic changes. The Treaty of Versailles effectively banned most weapons production so the factory produced sewing machines, calibration instruments, adding machines, and even made some automobiles! This was just a brief hiatus however, as Hitler’s rise to power and the rearmament of the Third Reich soon changed all this.

During WWII Mauser not only produced the battle proven Model 98, now shortened and re-christened the Model 98k carbine, but a plethora of other weapons such as sniper rifles, 2 cm-Flak 38 anti-aircraft guns, component parts for the StG44, G-41(M), Gewehr 33/40, and even made 10,000 German copies of the STEN gun. Surprisingly the factory was only bombed once during the course of the war and then only the power plant was hit. During the course of the conflict and the gradual defeat of the Nazi’s, the quality of the weapons produced fell as the demands of the conflict imposed great strains upon the German war machine. Steel and other essential raw materials became more and more difficult to obtain due to the Allied bombing campaign and the liberation of formerly occupied countries.

As in WWI the Germans were again defeated however this time the whole of Germany was divided up into zones of occupation by the victorious Allies. Oberndorf, and the area surrounding it, fell into the French zone. The French wasted no time in enjoying the fruits of victory and moved most of the Mauser factory machinery and tooling back to France as reparations of war. Before they left though, they demolished about 50% of the factory buildings in Oberndorf.

After the war, industry, not only in Oberndorf, but all of Germany struggled to get back on its feet. While Mauser would never again be the industrial giant it once was, a new firm utilizing new technologies would emerge from the ruins of the Mauser Works- Heckler&Koch. Founded in 1949 by former executives of Mauser, H&K initially produced machine parts but shortly thereafter became involved in weapons design and production. Using the Spanish CETME rifle as its foundation (which was based directly on the Nazi’s StG-45 assault rifle) the engineers at H&K created the G-3 rifle which was adopted by the German Bundeswehr and a host of other nations. As most readers of SAR already know the G-3 is the tree from which many other H&K weapons grew.

The Waffenmuseum or “Weapons Museum” in English does a splendid job in portraying the history of small arms production in Oberndorf. The museums displays demonstrate excellent, in most cases pristine examples of small arms produced in Oberndorf ranging from early smooth bore flintlocks to the current G-36 assault rifle. The museum is located on the third floor of a building that at one time produced Luger pistols. In Germany the Waffenmuseum is often called by collectors the “Mauser Museum” which is not really correct. The museum per se is not really affiliated with any company but displays examples of both Mauser and H&K weapons. Most of the weapons in the museum though are Mauser.

The museum is a large rectangular room featuring exhibits laid out chronologically in a clockwise manner. Closest to the entrance are examples of the early muskets and percussion rifles produced by the Royal Arsenal followed by mint unfired specimens of Dreyse Needle Guns. The museum does an excellent job of showing prototypes and development models of various attempts to create a reliable repeating infantry rifle prior to the invention of the Mauser design. With few exceptions these prototypes were in outstanding condition and looked as though they had just been manufactured.

Interspersed among the rifle cases were displays of the various pistols produced by Mauser particularly one of my favorites: the C96 “Broomhandle”. I don’t know exactly why I have a soft spot for the “Broom”. It’s ungainly, unbalanced, and slow to load, but nevertheless presents a classic elegance seconded only by the Colt Peacemaker and the P08 Luger. There are a number of excellent examples of the C96 including a Red Nine, Schnellfeuer, Conehammers, Flatsides, and several unusual carbine variants that I have never seen before.

Following the C96 display were some of the many variants of 1889, 1893, 1895, and 1898 Mauser rifles. Admittedly the museum has some holes in the Mausers’ development and production. Part of this is due to the vast numbers and countless variants the factory produced over the years. Also the demands of fighting a major world war would take precedence over keeping a large inventory of collectable but firing serviceable rifles. Additionally the French Army tramping all over countryside disarming the locals and rummaging through the Mauser Works certainly didn’t help either. Nevertheless there are some interesting Mauser bolt guns such as a 98k high turret sniper, Gewehr 33/40, a Gewehr 98 with trench mag, 13 MM bolt action WWI “Tankgewehr” and many others. As nice as some of these rifles were, to me, they still fall into the category of “primitive weapons”. I made a hasty dash for the automatics.

One of the unique things about the Waffenmuseum is not the number of exhibits but number of exhibits NOT behind glass. For instance the 13 MM Tankgewehr was sitting on a table were it could be picked up and the bolt worked (yeah, it’s still there). In one display (not behind glass) was a cutaway MG-42 and a uncut MG-34 next to a well used 20 MM Flak 38 automatic cannon. Out of respect I didn’t touch them but this was unusual to see in a small arms museum. Next to the MG-42 was a case containing component parts for one of the Wehrmachts “flammenwerfer” (flamethrower), an MG-81, several late war “Volksturm” crude last ditch bolt action rifles, and one of the STEN copies that Mauser produced for the Wehrmacht. Actually the Mauser copy looked to be made better than the original British gun.

By now an already interesting museum was getting better as I moved to the display case containing a nice (98%) StG-44 and one of the original CETME prototypes from which the G-3 was designed. Unfortunately no StG-45 was to be found but several photo layouts on the wall insured that its importance was not forgotten. There are two CETME prototypes and it is worth going to the museum just to see them. Each had a Mauser type tangent rear sight instead of the drum aperture that is more commonly found on the G-3/HK-91. They also had bipods which when folded performed the role of a handguard and flash suppressors that had holes instead of flutes.

Doing an about face brought to view a wonderful display board showing the machining and stamping fabrication steps of the G-3’s major components. My German friends tell me that this is a new addition to the museum. Also shown was a complete cutaway (what the Germans call a “schnittmodell”) of a G-3. If you ever wondered just how your G-3 or HK-91 was made, seeing this exhibit board is a must.

The final thrill in the tour was seeing an actual HK G-11 caseless rifle alongside the G-3’s replacement the 5.56X45 MM G-36. The G-11 was originally supposed to replace the G-3 and I’ve heard several rumors in Germany why it didn’t. What was amazing is that 40 feet from the caseless cartridge firing G-11 lay other rifles that used the caseless cartridge system which were also produced in Oberndorf-black powder muzzle loaders! For a brief time the world of small arms design had definitely gone full circle!

Do I recommend this Museum? Absolutely. If you are planning a trip to Europe I would encourage you to swing by Oberndorf. Not only is it in the middle of some very scenic countryside but the Waffenmuseum houses some very interesting and historical weapons. The only downside is the Waffenmuseum has very short visiting hours: Wednesday’s and Saturday’s from 2 PM-4 PM, and Sunday from 10 AM-12 noon. The Waffenmuseum is located at Klosterstrasse 14, Oberndorf, Germany. Admission is free but there is a donation box. Auf wiedersehen!

Yugoslavian M56 Submachine gun

The influence of both German and Soviet designs of the 1940’s can easily be seen in the Yugoslavian M56 and M65 series submachine guns. The post war WWII weapons were produced in the mid 1950’s and 1960’s when there was a huge surplus of German and Soviet weapons in Europe. It is somewhat of a mystery as to why Yugoslavia would manufacture a weapon at that time period when there was no demand for submachine guns. The introduction of the midrange dual-purpose assault rifle concept by the Germans in late WWII made future demand for short range, pistol caliber subguns doubtful. The M56/65 series of Yugoslavian weapons was proceeded by the 7.62 caliber M49 Model submachine gun that was essentially a copy of the famous WWII Soviet PPSh 41, with a few modifications.

Not surprisingly the M56 and M65 submachine guns were not overly successful. Few were manufactured, and many of those were exported to other countries. Sources indicate that both models are still currently used to some degree by the military in Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or FRY (Former Yugoslavia) and surrounding countries.

The Yugoslavian M56 and M65 outwardly appear very similar. The main difference is the caliber. The M56 fires the Soviet 7.62×25 Tokarev cartridge, while the later M65 weapon is chambered for the more common 9mm Parabellum round. The 32 round capacity magazine for the 7.62 M56 is curved, while the 30 round 9mm M65 magazine is of a straight in line configuration. Both weapons are equipped with a lug for the attachment of a bayonet. The M56 and M65 are capable of semi automatic or full automatic fire, and both fire from the common submachine gun open bolt method of operation.

The focus of this article is the earlier 7.62×25 M56 Model. At first glance the M56 appears much like a WWII German MP40. The folding stock is almost identical, and the furniture is plastic, like the MP40. When the curved 7.62×25 32 round magazine is inserted it takes on the appearance of a Soviet PPS43 (without the barrel shroud). The Yugoslav M56 dual feed 32 round magazine is almost identical to the original Soviet PPS43 magazine and will probably interchange with some slight alterations to the strengthening rib located at the rear of the magazine body. The magazine release lever is very much like that of the Soviet PPS43 and is located behind the magazine housing. The lever is protected from accidental release by a shroud formed by the plastic stock.

The rear sight is also similar to the German MP40 and can be flipped for a 100-meter or 200 meter range. The front sight that is protected by a hood arrangement is also similar to that of the MP40. As mentioned previously the folding stock is ver similar to that of the MP40 and operates in the same manner. The button to operate the stock is slightly smaller than on the German weapon. The bolt assembly is one piece with a fixed protrusion functioning as a firing pin. The bolt handle is removable and located on the receiver’s right side. The bolt handle is round (similar to a Sten) and has an L shaped safety device attached to the forward end. The safety is capable of locking the bolt to the rear or in the forward position. The recoil spring is also similar to that of a British Sten submachine gun. The fire control selector is located under the receiver tube, just forward of the trigger. The sliding selector is pushed to the right for full automatic fire (marked RAFAL) and to the left for semiautomatic operation (JED).

The trigger mechanism is very similar to that of the MP40, made of sheet metal stampings. The M56’s designer took the use of sheet metal components to the next level by designing even the sear from a formed piece of heavy sheet steel. The weapon is finished in a dull blue also similar to the finish on the German MP40. The plastic composite furniture is black in color. Integral loops for the attachment of a sling are located at the front of the magazine housing, and at the rear of the receiver.

Weight of the M56 unloaded is 6.73 pounds, with a fully loaded 32 round magazine the weight is increased to 8.38 pounds. Overall length of the weapon with the folding stock extended is 34 inches. With the stock folded the overall length is decreased to a compact 25.22 inches, making the M56 ideal for tank crews. The four-groove barrel’s overall length is 9.85 inches.

Firing the M56

When handling the M56 it felt very similar to the MP40, once you pull the trigger however, the similarity ends. The 600 + round per minute cyclic rate and the powerful 7.62 Soviet cartridge made the M56 performance more exhilarating than a 9mm MP40. The weapon was easy to control in the full auto mode, and it was amazingly accurate. Firing the weapon in semiautomatic at a silhouette target at 40 yards was further evidence that this was an effective weapon. The ejection port is located on the top of the receiver (like a Soviet PPS43), ejection is straight up and violent. The spent cases will often hit your head or go down inside your shirt collar on their descent (also like a PPS43).

Norinco 7.62 x 25 ammunition was used for the test firing and functioned in the weapon without any problems. Velocity of the 86 grain, 7.62mm projectile from the M56’s 9.85-inch barrel averaged 1615 feet per second. The 7.62×25 Tokarev cartridge develops 495 foot pounds of energy at the muzzle compared to the 9mm Parabellum developing 399 foot pounds of energy.

The Yugoslav M56 is not very common in the United States today, though there are a few examples of fully transferable and dealer samples out there. At least one Class II manufacturer manufactured a few transferable receiver tubes prior to the May 1968 cutoff date. Accessories and bayonets are rare for these guns. The Gun Parts Corporation of West Hurley, New York advertises the 7.62 magazines and magazine pouches for the M56.

As an Aside

The “Yugo 56” as it is commonly referred to, has been primarily replaced by Kalashnikov variants in the Army of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In a 1996 trip to Serbia, this author had the opportunity to see the Yugo 56 in target use by several different military groups. The younger soldiers were completely unfamiliar with the weapon. I had a conversation with a grizzled old Colonel, who had used them “Way back when”. He liked the submachine gun, and spoke of it with nostalgia. He was unaware that I had owned one for many years, so I let him talk about the positive and negative aspects of the gun without my comments. Apparently he had used it in combat, although he did not discuss the “Where’s or When’s”. His experience was that it was a very reliable arm, and effective as a combat gun.

We got out to the firing line, and the rangemaster directed our fire. After viewing the targets, I was declared the “Winner”, and soon had a more spirited discussion with the Colonel. (Old soldier to old soldier) He discussed his displeasure with youth’s lack of discipline, and then one of the demonstrators began firing the Yugo 56. He experienced what is probably the major problem with this design.

The submachine gun self-disassembled while firing. Here in the United States, there exists a tape of one of SAR’s writers (Not this one or Frank), demonstrating the Yugo 56, and you can clearly see the rear of the receiver lift out of the stock, and the cap coming off, then the recoil spring and bolt flying rearward. In this demo tape, the bolt firmly smacks the operator in the center of the forehead, drawing serious blood. The stunned operator “Safes” what is left of the weapon, tries to act nonchalant about the blood dripping down his forehead, talks to the observers for a minute more, then exits the range. This is almost exactly what happened to the young Serbian private. As the Yugo 56 fell apart, he leaned to the side, and the bolt missed him by an inch.

The old Colonel’s vision grew dark. He glared down at the private, said a few things in Serbian, and then laughed a little. It seems that if you don’t lock down the rear cap on a Yugo 56 when you are putting it together, then this is the result. We joked around about the experience, then moved on to belt fed weapons and ZB26’s. The shooting of the big guns went a lot smoother.

Somewhere in Serbia, I believe that there is a private who is still peeling potatoes and cleaning latrines…..

(As an aside to an aside, I would like to throw a note of caution to our U.S. military friends. I have heard them describe Serb forces as undisciplined. That misconception could prove costly in combat. Of the five different groups that were there that day, from smartly dressed Special Forces to their version of an undisciplined weekend warrior unit, these guys were born to the MG42/Yugo 53. SAR will cover this at another time, but in this writer’s opinion, underestimating the Serb forces could prove deadly.)

– Dan Shea

Most civilians and law enforcement agencies that equip themselves with 5.56x45mm carbines, choose a semiautomatic AR-15 – type firearm, although the Ruger Mini-14 is also a favorite. Carbines are usually purchased from one of the major manufacturers of AR-15 – type firearms, Armalite, Bushmaster and Colt, to name a few. There are other 5.56x45mm carbines available, however, and it is Bushmaster’s non-AR15 rifle that is the subject of this evaluation.

The Bushmaster M17S is not well – known and generally is not even considered by either civilian or law enforcement purchasers, primarily because Bushmaster has not given the little rifle wide publicity. When questioned by the author, Bushmaster’s spokesman stated that orders for their AR-15 – type rifles and carbines had been so heavy that the firm hadn’t been able to publicize the M17S as widely as they would have liked, despite the fact that the M17S may well be better suited for those situations demanding a compact 5.56mm NATO carbine than any version of the AR-15. This is a strong statement, but the author has over 30 years’ experience with AR-15 and M16 type weapons, plus other Stoner weapons and the fact is that Eugene Stoner designed several other rifles that were fundamentally superior to his AR-15 in their basic design. The M17S is derived from one of these superior designs, the AR-18.

Although it is a bullpup, the operating system of the M17S is almost identical to that of the Armalite AR-18 and semiautomatic only AR-180 of the 1970s. The AR-18 was never fully developed because the US military had already committed itself to the AR-15. Without entering into a full technical analysis of the two designs, there are fundamental differences between them. Everyone who has ever used an AR-15 or M16 is keenly aware that the rifle requires a great deal of maintenance and is a “dirty” weapon. This is because excess gases and carbon are vented back into the receiver from the gas tube as the bolt carrier moves to the rear. Carbon from these hot gases essentially “plates” onto several portions of the bolt carrier and the interior of the receiver and after a few rounds are fired, the entire interior of the rifle is coated with a film of carbon. If allowed to build up, this carbon will eventually lead to stoppages, so the rifle must be cleaned frequently. A second problem with the AR-15 design is that the bolt carrier rides directly on the interior surface of the receiver. Because of the ever-present carbon fouling, most operators keep the bolt carrier well-lubricated, which turns it into a “dust magnet” unless the ejection port cover is kept closed at all times when the rifle is not in use. Excess dirt will cause the bolt carrier to eventually slow down and fail to fully chamber a round, which is why the “forward assist” button was installed. In Desert Storm, many After Action reports stated that the troops involved were having to make frequent use of their forward assists because of fine dust getting into the receiver of their weapons.

The AR-18 solved the problems of the AR-15 by changing the gas system to a rod and piston arrangement that vents excess gases into the atmosphere just aft of the front sight/gas block. The piston is fixed; expanding gases drive the rod back into the bolt carrier, which rides on two fixed rods surrounded by recoil springs. The bolt carrier does not touch the interior surface of the receiver. Operating the bolt carrier on these two “action rods” gives minimum surface area for dust buildup or fouling. The design is inherently more tolerant of dust that the AR-15 system. In fact, weapons using the AR-18 operating system do not actually need an ejection port cover, although most have them. Because of this improved design, rifles based on the AR-18 system require less maintenance than AR-15 type weapons. There were many shortcomings in the AR-18s that were manufactured in the 1970s because they were not fully developed.

Although it uses the AR-18 operating system, the M17S is otherwise a completely different rifle. The M17S story begins 1982 as a response to an Australian military requirement for a new 5.56x45mm rifle. The initial rifle was developed by Armstech, a small company organized specifically for the purpose of designing and developing a new Australian military rifle. In the face of almost overwhelming odds, Armstech presented the Australian government with a rifle design, test weapons, and full technical data package in a matter of only a few months. There were four other Australian competitors for the new rifle, but the government selected two foreign designs for the final competition – the American M16A2 and Austrian Steyr Armee Universal Gewehr (AUG). The latter was eventually selected as Australia’s service rifle and the indigenous weapons were all but forgotten.

Armstech, however chose to pursue the design of its rifle for export sales and proceeded with development of the C30R, an advanced technology rifle using caseless ammunition. Although the concept of the C30R was highly publicized in Australia, it was developed in haste and premature demonstration before full development in front of news media led to the worst nightmare of the gun developer – poor reliability and an explosion while the rifle was being test fired, apparently an “out of battery ignition.” This disaster led eventually to the demise of Armstech, but not before the firm had decided to pursue a conventional rifle with the basic features of the C30R. The company went into receivership in 1990 after having transferred rights to the rifle to Keith Greenwood of Edenpine, where it was developed into the Sak 30, the direct ancestor of the M17S. By June 1990, the name of the rifle had changed again, this time to ART 30 and the salient features of the M17S were essentially in place. The prototype rifle was tested in Guns Australia and received a highly favorable review, but the handwriting was on the wall as far as sale of firearms in Australia was concerned and Edenpine’s management realized that while the primary market for the rifle would be the United States, restrictions there would make importing it difficult and so Edenpine began searching for a US manufacturer to produce the rifle. An agreement was reached with Bushmaster, who completed development of the rifle, redesignated it M17S and began producing it for domestic sale in early 1994.

The original Bushmaster rifles can be distinguished by a flat black finish and short throw captive retaining pins to retain the upper and lower receivers. After the second year of production, the upper receiver external finish was changed to matte Teflon. During the third production year, a long throw captive pin retaining system for the upper and lower receivers was implemented, upper receiver weight slightly reduced and a steel cam pin track was added. In the wake of the Great Clinton Semiautomatic Rifle Ban of 1994, some changes were necessary to make the M17S legal for civilian ownership. The only visible change to Post Ban rifles is the lack of a flash hider. To preclude installation of a nefarious and deadly illegal flash hider, the barrel was shortened slightly and the length of threads at the muzzle end reduced so that if a muzzle device was installed, it would not stay in place. There were also some improvements made to the “post ban” M17S rifles. Emergency open sights were installed, the trigger linkage was improved and a new optical sight mount was added.

The M17S is a bullpup design. Many shooters do not like bullpups, usually because they fear that a “catastrophic failure” – a rupture of the barrel or blowing the bolt out will injure them. With the M-17S, such an event is unlikely, and even if it were to occur, the upper receiver is a one-piece tube of extruded aircraft aluminum that is approximately 1/8 inch thick, which should contain any unlikely explosive failures. The lower receiver of the M-17S is molded polymer. Although it is quite different than either the AR-15 or AR-18, those familiar with the other rifles will find operation of the M-17S to be virtually identical to the AR-15/M16. The non-reciprocating charging handle is atop the upper receiver and actually forms the aft portion of the carrying handle. The magazine release is virtually identical to that of the M16, save for the fact that it is ambidextrous – there is a button on both sides of the rifle, which is very handy when removing the magazine using the left hand and thumb. The bolt release is also virtually identical to that of the AR-15/M16 and functions in precisely the same manner. Other than appearance, the only real difference between the manual of arms for the M-17S and the AR-15/M16 is not having to remember to close the ejection port cover after releasing the bolt.

The M-17S uses standard AR-15/M16 magazines. The rifle is provided with one Bushmaster 30 round magazine from the factory, but we used many types of M16 magazines during the course of our evaluation and had not a single malfunction, although we fired the M-17S with every type of 5.56mm ammo we could find, from 40 grain frangible ball to 68 grain match. The M-17S functioned absolutely flawlessly over hundreds of rounds and was highly praised by all who had the opportunity to fire it.

Operation of the M-17S, is as mentioned, straightforward and essentially identical to the AR-15/M16. In fact, the only difference is the location and operation of the safety, which is a simple crossbolt located just behind the trigger that is easily engaged or disengaged using the thumb or forefinger without changing grip. Once engaged, it physically blocks the trigger. A red dot indicates that the rifle is ready to fire, while “safe” is indicated by a white dot on the rear of the safety button. The fact that the safety does not block the rifle’s sear or hammer may be a point of complaint for some, however. The single-stage trigger of the M-17S breaks at about 8.5 LB, heavy enough to avoid potential accusations of having “hair triggers,” but it doesn’t feel as heavy in actual use. I estimated it to be approximately six pounds until I checked it with the trigger scales. Some users may wish to have a “trigger job” performed on their rifles, but we do not believe that it is necessary, as the M17S is not intended to be a precision match rifle. The M-17S’ trigger is actually better than some AR-15/M16 rifles fired by the author in terms of creep and “break,” despite the long connecting rod running back from the trigger to the sear.

Disassembly of the M-17S is similar to the AR-15, except that the M-17S has three push pins, rather than two. The two rearmost pins are pressed out from the left side of the rifle until they run against their stops. The upper receiver can then be pivoted forward and the bolt carrier assembly removed. There is no further disassembly required, nor is any recommended for routine maintenance. The bolt carrier assembly has a built in buffer mounted on the action plate at the rear of the bolt carrier group which absorbs the shock of the bolt carrier as it reaches its rearmost position. Since there is no carbon “blowback” into the receiver of the M-17S, normal cleaning consists of wiping the interior of the receiver, bolt, bolt carrier and locking lugs with a rag or patches. The bore is cleaned via the usual method and that is it. Cleaning an M17S requires none of the pipe cleaners, dental picks, reamers or any of the other paraphernalia necessary to clean an M16. With the M-17S, all that is required is a cleaning rod, patches, solvent, a soft rag, a small brush to ensure that the locking lugs are clean and gun oil. The latter is used to lube the action rods on which the bolt carrier rides (2 drops each), the locking lugs and the camming slot that unlocks the bolt as the carrier moves to the rear. According the manufacturer, the gas system requires no maintenance whatsoever.

As to the utility of the M-17S for self defense and law enforcement work, it has a lot going for it along with a few shortcomings. First and foremost, the little rifle is handy! The M17S’ overall length of 30 inches is shorter than 16 inch barreled CAR-15s or M4 Carbines with stock collapsed, while the M-17S has a full 21.5 inch chrome plated barrel! This makes it an ideal size for use in a vehicle or on a camping trip, where space is at a premium and deployment of any long gun generally makes exiting a vehicle or enclosure cumbersome. The M-17S can be taken by the pistol grip and deployed essentially “at the ready.” The placement of the pistol grip at the balance of the rifle enables it to also be comfortably carried and fired with one hand if necessary, unlike M4s or CAR-15s, which are awkward and muzzle heavy at best when fired in the this mode. We cannot overemphasize the outstanding balance and overall handling of the M17S. Another benefit of the M-17S is price. Suggested retail of the rifle is approximately $700, although the author has occasionally seen M17S for less.

The M-17S is not without its faults, however. First, it cannot be fired by left-handed shooters due to placement of the ejection port, a problem inherent with most bullpup designs. Second, an after-market sight of some sort is virtually mandatory, which adds to the expense of the rifle. Sights on the M-17S can charitably be described as rudimentary, although the “tunnel” through which the shooter must look in order to use them forms something of a very large “ghost ring” that might be used for very close engagements. Nonetheless, we feel that an after-market sight is virtually mandatory. The M-17S has a military standard “Picatinny rail” and thus will accept all Weaver-type mounts. We used an Aimpoint Comp ML with GG&G’s excellent mount that not only positions the sight lower than the factory original, but has space for a spare battery as well. With the Comp ML installed, we were able to engage targets from CQB distance out to 200 meters without difficulty. A sight such as the Aimpoint, EO Technology’s Holographic sight, or Trijicon’s ACOG is of great benefit because sight alignment is eliminated and there is no parallax, enabling the shooter to simply place the red dot or cross hair on the target and shoot. This type of sight also greatly enhances the speed of target acquisition. If the rifle is properly zeroed, the bullet will strike nearly at point of aim at typical carbine engagement ranges of 25 to 100 meters, with “Kentucky windage” enabling quick and easy 200 to 300 meter engagements. Optical sights such as those mentioned are also of great benefit to individuals whose eyes, like those of the author, make the use of iron sights difficult due to their inability to focus on close objects.

We tested the M17S using the Aimpoint Comp ML at 100 yards and were able to achieve 2.5 inch groups from a rest using Black Hills and Remington 62 grain match ammunition. We also tested the rifle using Longbow 40 grain frangible and Cor-Bon 52 grain ball ammunition and achieved groups that ran in the three to 3.5 inch range. Considering that the Aimpoint dot virtually covered the standard bullseye at 100 yards, we considered the accuracy of the M17S to be excellent. We suspect that with appropriate sights the little rifle could probably group in the 1.5 inch range, but we did not have time to test this aspect of the rifle. Bushmaster has graciously agreed to allow us to keep our test M17S for an extended evaluation over the coming year, so we will be conducting some experiments with sights other than the Aimpoint and a few other modifications as well. Plus, we will be reporting on the overall reliability of the rifle under extended use.

In sum, we find a lot to like about the M17S, along with a few shortcomings. The little rifle is probably the best balanced and handling rifle we have fired in many years. Its ergonomics are superlative with one exception. Under sustained fire, the forearm tends to heat up, a problem which was only partially ameliorated by the installation of a home workshop fabricated heat shield. The only solution is to move the supporting hand back to the forwardmost part of the polymer lower receiver. Most of those who fired the rifle did not find this inconvenient or uncomfortable; in fact, many felt that it was a better position than a more conventional one with supporting hand under the forearm. Moreover, everyone who fired the M17S was taken with just how enjoyable the rifle was to shoot, a tribute to the overall excellence of its design.

In sum, Bushmaster’s M17S is a highly reliable and compact rifle best suited for carry or storage in vehicles or in locations where space is at a premium. It is a short range – i.e. 25-300 yard – rifle, the distances at which most land combat occurs. The rifle is ideal for its intended purposes, which are self protection and informal shooting. Because of its size, it makes an nearly perfect vehicle or camp rifle. For the same reasons, the M17S is ideally suited as a law enforcement carbine, a role in which it far outclasses pistol – caliber carbines now offered by other manufacturers. In the final analysis, while the M17S has a few shortcomings, we believe that these are far outweighed by its attributes.

As far as pistols are concerned, the Ruger Mark II is obviously the industry standard these days for the Class II suppressor manufacturer. Integral units are either permanently sealed, or allow some type of access for removal and periodic cleaning of the internals. Eventually, if you shoot enough, the pistol is going to require extensive cleaning/maintenance to ensure that it is functioning correctly. Rimfire ammo is dirty, and it builds up and accumulates quite a bit of gunk inside the pistol that will eventually keep it from working at 100% reliability. Obviously the suppressor must be kept clean, but the rest of the pistol must also be maintained if you want it to work reliably. The suppressor itself usually encourages extra dirt to accumulate within the frame of the gun, which is often neglected. The Ruger manual discusses the gun breakdown and cleaning procedure, but the owner of the suppressed Mark II must take a few extra steps to maintain the gun. The Ruger manual is also a little difficult to read and interpret since the IPB identifies each part with a number, which has to be cross-checked with the nomenclature on the previous pages in the manual. The IPB illustration in this article identifies the guns main components with labeled nomenclature for clarity.

Once the standard Mark II is suppressed, the Ruger warranty is basically thrown out the window. I had one quit working for me a while back, and I called the Ruger repair center to see if they would rebuild the lower assembly without the barrel assembly being shipped with the unit. Ruger’s official response was “We cannot service the Mark II grip frame without the barreled receiver, and we cannot fit a barrel receiver to a grip frame, since this would create a new firearm (per BATF)”. So therefore, the owner who has a suppressed Mark II is basically on his own, as you would never want to ship a modified one to Ruger. There are probably as many different cleaning procedures as there are Mark II’s, so the following is my personal preference and can obviously be modified to each person’s needs. I hate to clean my guns, and usually never do until they stop working. Trust me on this, if you shoot a Mark II long enough, it will stop working. It may be as little as 2000 rounds, but when it does, it will probably not work properly unless it is broken down and cleaned in what I call “depot level maintenance”. The entire process takes a day or two, but is relatively easy if you take the time to do it properly.

On the subject gun, the trigger pull had started feeling strange and was taking longer pulls to get the hammer to drop. Finally, the hammer failed to fall no matter how hard I pulled on the trigger. Spraying the internals with Breakfree did not loosen things up, and the hammer still refused to fall. To disassemble this gun, the mainspring housing must first be removed. Before the mainspring housing can be removed, the hammer must be in the forward (or fired) position. Well, because the hammer refused to drop no matter what I tried, I had to get the gun apart to see what was going on. Even with the hammer in the cocked position, the bottom third of the mainspring housing will pop out of the frame exposing the housing latch pivot pin. This pin was removed to allow the mainspring, mainspring plunger, and detent ball to be removed. Once the spring pressure was removed from the hammer strut, the hammer released and fell forward, allowing the mainspring housing to be removed. The rest of the disassembly went normally. Careful inspection inside concluded that the sear was not releasing the hammer. Apparently, the disconnector and sear were not operating properly due to lead shavings and other crud, which had deposited itself along the sear surfaces. This area of the gun is extremely hard to get to, and a thorough soaking and blasting with carburetor cleaner would be part of the process to clean it out.

I do not have a parts bin cleaner, but it would certainly be a handy item to have for the following procedure. Some of these cleaning units are fairly expensive, so I chose the poor man’s route. If you are like me and do not have one, a soaking container can be cheaply made which will allow you to soak the barrel and frame assembly. I made a PVC soaking container for the barrel assembly unit, and used an old plastic jug for the frame assembly. The subject pistol was a sealed integral type, and the same procedure should apply to units that can be disassembled. The following summarizes my process of depot level maintenance of the suppressed Ruger Mark II pistol. I recommend the following list of items to have on hand before starting:

List of tools/other items:

*Cleaning brushes
*22 caliber chamber brush
*Screwdriver set (for removal of frame grips and, if required, front/rear sights)
*PVC tubing (“soak tube” container for the barrel assembly)
*Kroil Lubricant/Penetrant
*Floway Degreaser (spray aerosol and liquid solution)
*Carburetor cleaner (spray aerosol)
*Breakfree Lubricant

Disassembly (refer to IPB and Disassembly illustrations):

1. Remove the magazine and clear the chamber. With the safety off on an empty chamber, pull the trigger to let the hammer fall.
2. Swing the mainspring-housing latch open (I carefully use a small screwdriver to pry it open), then swing the housing outward and pull downward removing it from the gun. One may have to use a nylon mallet and tap the top of the bolt stop pin to remove it.
3. Pull the bolt assembly out the back of the barrel receiver. I do not take the bolt assembly apart normally as part of the cleaning procedure.
4. To remove the barrel receiver from the frame, it is usually necessary to use a plastic or rubber hammer. While holding the frame, strike the rear portion of the receiver to dislodge it from the lower assembly.
5. If so desired, remove the setscrew from the rear sight, and tap the rear sight to the right to remove it from the barrel.
6. If so desired, remove the setscrew from the front sight to remove it from the barrel.
7. Keep all parts in a box or bin to ensure that none are lost.
8. Remove the 4 screws attaching the grips to the frame.

Cleaning procedure:

(Warning: many older suppressors on the Ruger pistols and rifles were packed with fiberglass- as in that pink building insulation. The soaking procedures described here will not work well with these units. If you have one of these whose performance has been degrading, you should contact a Class 2 manufacturer to find someone to rebuild the unit with a more modern technology)

1. Soak the complete frame, bolt, and suppressed barrel assembly overnight in the containers with a mixture of 1/2 Kroil and 1/2 Floway (available from Kano Products).
2. The next morning, take the units out of the containers, and scrub off excess crud with a nylon brush.
3. Blast all internal areas with aerosol carburetor cleaner and Floway.
4. Re-soak units overnight in containers.
5. Remove units and blast with spray carburetor cleaner. Allow the barrel assembly to drain muzzle downward for an hour, or blow out with compressed air.
6. Clean the barrel chamber while the gun is apart using standard cleaning procedures.

Lubrication:

1. Use a small amount of Breakfree on the moving parts of the bolt assembly and trigger group, sear, etc.
2. If removed, place a small amount of removable Locktite on front and rear sight set screws prior to installing them to the barrel assembly.
3. When ready for final reassembly, I mix up a small amount of two-part epoxy, and place 1 drop in the frame lug recess in the barrel assembly. My particular Ruger has some slop at this interface, so the epoxy fills the recess to ensure that there is no side-to-side movement between the barrel and the frame after assembly. The area must be free of any oils or solvents prior to applying epoxy.

Reassembly (refer to IPB and Reassembly illustration):

1. With an empty chamber, place the hammer in the horizontal position.
2. Place the barrel on top of the frame, pressing it backward and downward so the frame lug engages the recess in the barrel.
3. Usually, some persuasion with a plastic or wood hammer is required to ensure that the barrel assembly is fully seated into the lower frame.
4. Pointing the muzzle upward, pull the trigger to be sure the hammer is in the cocked position and the hammer strut is hanging free.
5. With the muzzle pointing still upwards, slide the bolt into the receiver.
6. Point the muzzle towards the ground and pull the trigger so the hammer falls.
7. Now comes the fun part…. install the mainspring housing up and through the holes in the receiver. As the bolt stop pin is pushed up through the receiver, it also passes through the bolt. As you swing the mainspring towards the frame, be sure that the hammer strut is positioned so it comes to rest on top of the mainspring plunger as the housing is closed.
8. Once the proper alignment between the hammer strut and mainspring plunger is attained, press the mainspring housing into the frame and close the housing latch.
9. Reinstall the grips.

The final touches…

The only item left to check is the magazine. With the follower depressed, I use a brush to scrub the wax and lead buildup along the insides, with emphasis on the front side. The skinny GI brushes for the M16 work perfectly to reach down into the magazine. This small task is often overlooked, but is necessary to ensure reliable upward feeding of rounds.

Testing…

Test fire the gun to ensure that it is functioning properly. Readjust sights as required. After a thorough cleaning, the gun is quieter than it was before due to the internal oils that remain to vaporize and help quiet things down. Maybe mine will go another 20,000 rounds before it needs any depot level maintenance – time will tell. Cleaning the suppressed Mark II pistol is not overly complicated, but when it needs it, it really needs it. Once a year or whenever required, the proper maintenance should ensure your investment in a quiet shooter will last a long, long time.

Sources:

Sturm, Ruger & Co. Inc.
200 Ruger Road
Prescott, AZ 86301-6181

Kano Laboratories
1027-R Thompson Lane
Nashville, TN 37211-2627