Initially, Sweden had no separate Air Force prior to 1926; instead the Army and Navy each had their own sections of aviation. The Schwarzlose that they were then using could not be configured to be synchronized to fire through the arc of the propeller, and in the 1920s tests were conducted with the M1919 Colt aircraft Brownings that were deemed successful. This ultimately led up to Sweden’s purchase of a total of 185 M1919s from Colt from 1920 to 1930.

It did not take long for Sweden to recognize the value of Browning’s operating system, being simply designed and cost-effective. In 1930, the director of Carl Gustafs Stads Gevärsfaktori noted that they could produce 50 water-cooled M1917A1-type Brownings for the same price as 30 Schwarzlose machine guns, which they were producing and these were the main infantry machine gun of Sweden. Thus, they embarked on manufacturing machine guns based upon the Browning system. This included the Kulspruta (Ksp) m/22 air-cooled aircraft gun introduced in 1930 and the first water-cooled Browning developed in 1929 as the Ksp m/14-29 (mounted on the m/14 Schwarzlose tripod). Between 1930 and 1936, Carl Gustafs Stads Gevärsfaktori produced 274 of the Ksp m/14-29s.

The m/14-29 Browning system water-cooled machine gun was upgraded in 1936 and became the Kulspruta (Ksp) m/36 mark (ground) produced as a single infantry gun and a double anti-aircraft gun designated as the Kulspruta (Ksp) m/36 lv dbl. While the m/36 was based upon the operating principles of the Browning M1917A1 water-cooled machine gun, there were some differences, even though the guns appeared similar.

As is always necessary to keep automatic weapons in operating condition, a spare parts and tool box was an essential piece of ancillary equipment for the weapons. Beside key spare parts that break or wear, special tools are required to disassemble and properly maintain the weapon. The Swedish spare parts and tool box is quite complete and efficient in keeping the Swedish Browning-inspired machine gun running.

The spare parts and tool kit for the Ksp m/36 lv dbl is made of metal with a single clasp for closure and a double metal handle.

The interior of the spare parts and tool kit has a compartmentalized wood insert that is numbered for the proper placement of the tools and parts within the kit. Note that a content list is pasted in the center of the box.

Contents of the spare parts and tool kit for the Swedish double anti-aircraft gun include:
1. Left gun extractor
2. Left gun muzzle rate of fire booster
3. Right gun muzzle rate of fire booster
4. Sear spring and pin complete for left gun
5. Ruptured case extractor
6. Cover extractor spring left gun
7. Firing pin complete
8. Screwdriver
9. Combination tool for AA mount
10. Combination tool for guns
11. Two-piece brass chamber jag
12. Breech lock cam
13. Brass hammer
14. Cartridge stop for left gun
15. Cartridge stop for right gun
16. Tin container with springs
17. Pliers
18. Combination tool for AA mount
19. Combination tool for guns
20. Wire roll
21. Right gun extractor
22. Buffer bushing left gun
23. Buffer bushing right gun
24. Sear spring and pin complete for right gun
25. Bore brush
26. Drift
27. Pin punch
28. Barrel plunger and spring complete
29. Cover extractor spring right gun
30. Oil can

The War to End All Wars

World War I, known as “The War to End All Wars,” had a very improbable beginning. While visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28, 1914, Archduke of Austria Franz Ferdinand and his wife were both assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist. Princip was a member of an organization seeking an end to Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina. He was one of six conspirators who were involved in the plot. The assassination set off a chain of events that led to the outbreak of the First World War.

The assassination precipitated Austria-Hungary’s declaration of war against Serbia. The conflict escalated quickly with the Central Powers, consisting of Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, pitted against the Allied Powers, which included Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy and Japan. The United States joined the fray in 1917, and by the war’s end 32 countries were involved in the fighting.

Most of the battles were fought in Europe and the Middle East. Repeated attempts to outflank each other on the battlefield failed. This soon resulted in an uninterrupted line of entrenched positions on both sides. Barbed wire, coupled with machine guns, made crossing open ground to assault the enemy trenches suicidal to massed infantry advances. The conflict quickly settled into a stalemate, with both sides introducing new tactics and weapons in attempts to break the standoff. Soon new weapons appeared on the battlefield, including tanks, machine rifles and submachine guns. The most feared weapon was chlorine gas, which was first used by the Germans on the Western Front. Several types of gas soon became widely used by both sides.

In September 1918, the Central Powers began to collapse when Bulgaria capitulated, followed by the Ottoman Empire a month later. Finally, on November 11, 1918, an armistice was signed with Germany. The cease-fire was to take effect six hours later, at the 11th hour on the 11th day of the 11th month.

There was an estimated total, on both sides, of nine million combat-related deaths and another two to three million deaths caused by accidents and disease.

The Treaty of Versailles at the end of the war placed harsh reparations on Germany, which led to the rise of the Nazi Party and the start of World War II in 1939.

ATN X-SIGHT II HD 5-20X

The first digital scope to break the true HD barrier! Gone are the grainy black and white images—the X-Sight II takes digital imaging to a whole new level. Crystal clear images and millions of colors will have you forgetting that you are looking through a digital scope. Immerse yourself in an advanced cockpit like experience. Take advantage of the suite of sensors and advanced processing power for an entirely new shooting experience.

Share the fun with your friends and family with HD video and photos that you can take day or night. No more forgetting to record those “perfect shots” with ATN’s RAV (Recoil Activated Video) feature that automatically records videos before and after you pull the trigger.

X-Sight II—the most powerful shooting solution on the market that will not break the bank.

POF-USA REVOLUTION (7.62 NATO)

Brand new from POF-USA is a .308 battle rifle that handles like a 5.56, because it’s the same size and weight as one. This isn’t a stripped down rifle that’s saving weight by making extra cuts or lacking the battle rifle features you’re accustomed to. The Revolution actually uses many 5.56 AR parts which allows for a shorter overall receiver size and reduced weight. The Revolution receiver size, from pin to pin, shares the same dimensions as an AR-15.

This is NOT a small frame .308, it’s smaller! The Revolution features many 5.56 parts; such as charging handle, bolt carrier, roller cam pin, buffer, heat-sink barrel nut, handguard and 5-position gas piston operating system. The barrel extension, bolt assembly, upper and lower receiver are the exact same size as those on an AR15. This is truly an AR15 that shoots in .308!

Weighing in at 7.3 lbs the Revolution features POF-USA’s new Edge Handguard with four built-in QD mounts. It’s loaded with features such as a fully ambidextrous billet receiver set, NP3 coated bolt carrier group, 5-position adjustable gas piston, single stage match grade trigger and more. You may have just found your “one gun.” MSRP: $2669.99.

ACCURACY SOLUTIONS BIPODEXt

With BipodeXt you will have a rifle shooting experience unlike anything before. This revolutionary new product provides shooters with unmatched stability and accuracy.

To understand the principles behind the design of BipodeXt it helps to visualize a rifle as a lever and its bipod as the fulcrum on which the lever rests. While BipodeXt is not utilized to lift weights an analogy from the lever/fulcrum axiom can still be drawn. As for the lever, the closer the fulcrum is to either end of the lever, the more leverage the user obtains. As for BipodeXt, the further out the bipod is placed the more stable the sighting down the rifle’s scope becomes.

Some BipodeXt models, such as the BXT 40X3, provide for a bipod’s resting point to be placed beyond the muzzle of most rifles, thus further minimizing movement through the rifle and impressively reducing reticle drift. BipodeXt can be extended and retracted giving the shooter a highly adjustable and customizable resting point. Due to its round design BipodeXt can quickly correct canting by simply operating its clamp’s lever. This also allows for an unprecedented 360 degrees rotation of the bipod in relation to the rifle. Most models weigh approximately 1lb.

HOGUE INC. ANNOUNCES LASER ENHANCED GRIPS FOR SMITH & WESSON K/L AND J FRAME REVOLVERS

Hogue Laser-Enhanced Grips

Hogue, Inc. is proud to announce the newest additions to their growing line of Laser-Enhanced (LE) Grips. Revolver grips for Smith & Wesson’s round butt K/L and J Frames are now in stock. “For years our customers have been asking for Hogue Grips with lasers,” said LE Grip designer and managing partner Jim Bruhns. “We have expanded our line of Hogue LE Grips to include models for Smith & Wesson K, L and J Frame owners in direct response to customer demand.”

Hogue’s LE Grips are the first handgun laser sighting system on the market based on a fully programmable, digitally controlled microprocessor circuit. Hogue’s designers capitalized on the advantage by programming three operating modes (steady, flashing or stealth target) and four laser brightness levels into the LE Grip’s circuit. They also tapped into sophisticated power management routines to ensure long life from two common CR- 2032 batteries hidden under the grip on the non-laser side–an important design feature enabling battery changes that won’t take the laser out of zero. Each LE Grip is bore-sighted at the factory while fine windage and elevation adjustments are accessible via small set screws. All of the Hogue LE Grip’s programming features are accessible via pressure-sensitive programming buttons.

The Hogue LE Grips for S&W revolvers are truly unique; the company’s engineers embedded the system’s 630-670nm

Hogue LE Grips are manufactured in their family-owned and operated USA facilities under the direct supervision of the Hogue family.

Hogue HandALL Beavertail Grip Sleeves

The new grip sleeves are designed to fit specific polymer pistols now on the market. “Polymer pistols do not have removable grips that you can simply replace,” said grip designer Matt Hogue. “The solution for many of these pistols is our new HandALL Beavertail Grip Sleeves.”

The Beavertail Grip Sleeve line has been engineered with models for precision fits on specific firearms. The initial offerings in this series have sleeves designed for perfect fits on three sizes of polymer firearms. The first offering precisely fits Smith & Wesson’s M&P 9mm and 40 Shield and Ruger’s LC9. The second sleeve fits Glock’s 42 and 43. The final sleeve is designed for Smith & Wesson’s M&P 45 Shield and Kahr Arms’ P9, P40, CW9 and CW40. While each sleeve has been created for a precise fit on specific polymer framed firearms, they also alternatively fit many other similarly sized firearms with a fully functional and aesthetic fit. “These sleeves also provide a very nice fit for many pistols that may not have any other alternative available on the market,” said Hogue.

The Beavertail Grip Sleeves are installed by slipping them over the frame of the firearm until seated into perfect position. Once installed, the HandALL sleeve provides a single finger groove for instinctive handling of the firearm. The finger groove leads into a gentle palm swell that has been carefully designed to fit naturally in the hand. The beavertail built into the grip sleeve rises high along the back strap of the frame giving full rubber contact with the hand allowing a higher hand-placement on the grip without the fear of the slide biting the skin between the thumb and the trigger finger. In addition to protection and comfort, the beavertail also cushions the hand during recoil.

The HandALL is built from a long-lasting durablethermo plastic elastomer compound. This rubber ages very gracefully and keeps a firm, tacky feel throughout the life of the grip. It will not harden, split or crack with age or usage. The grip sleeve is textured with Hogue’s familiar Cobblestone texture, a series of small circular bumps that provide an efficient non-slip, non-irritating grip on the rubber. Hogue’s HandALL Beavertail Grips Sleeves have an MSRP of $9.95 for black and $10.95 for OD green, flat dark Earth, pink and purple.

Hogue grip sleeves are manufactured in their family-owned and operated facilities under the direct supervision of the Hogue family.

Hogue, Inc. supports local dealers and encourages customers to purchase Hogue products locally. For more information on these products, please call Hogue directly at 1-800-438-4747 or visit www.hogueinc.com to find a Hogue dealer near you.

JP ENTERPRISES

GMR-15

The GMR-15 is a massive redesign of our very popular GMR-13 Glock magazine carbine receiver. This new iteration now incorporates last-round lockback and more competition-ready features such as a flared mag. well and easier-to-use mag. release. Like its predecessor, it also utilizes our proprietary 9mm bolt assembly and Silent Captured spring, making for a highly reliable and accurate carbine. With the GMR-15™ also comes a new dedicated 9mm upper receiver with dual top- and side-charge handles.

The GMR-15 is available for custom rifle or upper assembly builds or in a number of ready-to-ship Ready Rifle configurations. Complete upper and lower receiver kits will be available soon for home builders.

VMOS Bolt Carriers

JP Variable Mass Operating System (VMOS) bolt carriers are designed to work in tandem with our Silent Captured Spring to provide tunable mass regulation to rifles in need of it. Geared especially for suppressed shooting, VMOS carriers overcome the excessive fouling and constant need to adjust gas settings native to suppressed rifles. This is thanks to the configurable, reciprocating masses that ensure consist function and reliable deadblow. VMOS carriers are also ideal for exotic caliber rifles or those without an adjustable gas system.

Steel VMOS carriers are available for both largeand small-frame rifles. An aluminum large-frame version is also available for high-performance competition builds.

Microfit Takedown Pins

Since the release of our original JP Tension Pin almost 20 years ago, sloppy receiver fit has been a JP obsession. The new Microfit™ Takedown Pins offer are a tool-less solution to this problem with a premium polished appearance. Oversized pins reduce the slop in overly loose receivers that can reduce rifle accuracy. Undersized pins provide easier takedown for tight receivers such as those with heavy Cerakote buildup.

Microfit Takedown Pins are available individually or in standard, oversized, and undersized sets and now come standard in all JP rifles.

Semi-Auto Case Gauges

Even in the same caliber, the ammo requirements between bolt guns and self-loaders are stark. JP Semi-Auto Case Gauges are the first gauges to acknowledge and account for the more particular ammo preferences of the semi-auto platforms. The gauges guaranty function in any self-loading rifle by verifying that every cartridge will fire to a minimumdepth SAAMI chamber. So, if it fits, it shoots.

Semi-Auto Case Gauges are available in .223 and .308 with more caliber offerings coming soon.

.875 Detent Adjustable Gas Blocks (JPGS-10D)

The incomparable level of refinement provided by an adjustable gas system can be undercut by the possibility of gas setting drift. The latest in a long line of JP adjustable gas systems, this new click-adjustable gas block ensures solid retention of gas setting with an easy, reproducible interface. The JPGS-10D model was designed to serve the neglected .875 barrel contour common to Armalite rifles.

Minimized, detent-adjustable JP gas systems are also available in .750 and soon, .936. Locking set screw version is also available in a variety of profiles.

WALTHER

PPS M2

The PPS M2 is the latest upgrade to a classic design from Walther. Though it’s hard to beat the original, the M2 features everything you asked for in the classic PPS. Walther signature ergonomics, button style magazine release and front slide serrations. Built with the concealed carry shooter in mind, the Walther PPS M2 represents everything the American market has asked for. The MSRP is $449.

Species: Semi-automatic
Caliber(s): 9mm
Overall Length: Standard Model 6.3”
Barrel Lengths Available: 3.18”
Weight, Standard Model, empty magazine, no optic or bipod: 21.1 oz

Creed

Superior ergonomics and excellence in trigger design. The Creed offers a reinforced polymer frame with signature ergonomics that shooters have come to expect from Walther. The Creed features a pre-cocked, double-action trigger system and a bobbed hammer that ensure a no-snag draw from a concealment. This system provides the shooter with a light and smooth, consistent trigger pull. It includes ambidextrous magazine release, low profile steel 3-dot sights and two magazines.

Species: Semi-automatic
Caliber(s): 9mm
Overall Length: Standard Model 7.3”
Barrel Lengths Available: 4”
Weight, Standard Model, empty magazine, no optic or bipod: 26.6 oz

TEAM WENDY

TEAM WENDY’S TRANSIT PACK BY MYSTERY RANCH

Team Wendy is pleased to announce the release of the Team Wendy Transit Pack. A collaborative effort between Team Wendy and Mystery Ranch, the pack’s innovative design offers the user multiple ways to transport the bag as well as organize its contents. The Transit Pack is available through TeamWendy.com and authorized Team Wendy dealers.

Transit Pack Features:
• Durable design with padding on all sides to protect helmet
• Offers three ways to carry your bag: shoulder straps, bag handle on top and side for hand-carry(can also be used to secure to vehicle) and MOLLE on back of bag that can be attached to MOLLE panels on packs or elsewhere
• Clamshell opening gives access to the entire contents and creates two useable surfaces for kit layout
• Interior flap has Velcro for spare patches and loop-mounted accessories
• Three moveable internal pockets that can be placed anywhere in the bag
• Two flat pockets for accessory items such as strobes, goggles, glasses, etc.
• One draw cord bag for NVGs or headset, stored under the helmet.

For more information see Learn more about the Team Wendy Transit Pack by Mystery Ranch.

NIKON

NIKON DEBUTS BLACK RIFLESCOPE SERIES

Nikon doubles down on its commitment to American shooters with the introduction of the new BLACK riflescope series—a new category of dedicated optics with models engineered for both precision longrange rifle and action-shooting AR enthusiasts.

For the precision rifle shooter, Nikon’s BLACK X1000 is offered in a range of 4-16×50 and 6-24×50 models with X-MRAD or X-MOA tactical style reticles synchronized to elevated windage and elevation turrets. Accurate and repeatable, the adjustments enable precise dialing of elevation come ups and wind compensation, while each of the new reticle designs present the shooter with a visually clean, yet highly functional and advanced tool for estimating range or maintaining holdovers.

Shooters looking for rapid-action targeting capability with AR/MSR platforms can rely on the new BLACK FORCE1000 1-4×24 riflescope with capped turrets and SpeedForce reticle. When the riflescope is dialed down to its true 1x magnification, the reticle’s illuminated double horseshoe center portion serves as quick reference for reaction-speed target acquisition and engagement, as well as for establishing moving target leads. The SpeedForce MOA reticle also integrates BDC circles and hash marks for precise intermediate-range target holdovers.

The Chamberlain Development: Black Rifle Cartridge Comparison Guide

Copyright 2013
and:

The Chamberlain Development: Cartridge Comparison Guide 2

Copyright 2015
By Andrew Chamberlain

Both of these reference books contain a huge amount of data on cartridge ballistics. So much so that I find myself questioning if it would be better presented as a DVD, rather than in a paper book.

For each given cartridge, there are many different factory loadings listed. Then the entire works are listed in six distinctly separate tables, broken down by various criteria such as bullet weight within a caliber, velocity within a specific cartridge, overall muzzle energy and estimated felt recoil, etc.

The result is that it is possible to look up a specific cartridge, or a particular level of muzzle energy for all cartridges, or even the loads that do not exceed a set recoil point. This makes for a useful, if somewhat bulky, reference resource.

However, if this information was entered into a searchable computer program, it could be much more easily accessed and in a far smaller package. The downside, from the author’s point of view, is that a digital book is far easier to illegally copy. Rampant piracy is a very real concern, so perhaps this explains the decision to stay with a paper edition.

In any event, the guides do present a good deal of information on many popular cartridges, arranged in a logical fashion. The cartridges listed range from 17 Mach2 rimfire up to the mighty 50 BMG. Both guides are almost entirely based around hunting considerations. Starting with the “Who, What, Where and Why” questions, it asks the reader to describe who will be using the chosen cartridge, for what purpose, where (forests or open plains, etc) and why this particular round. By answering these self-evaluation questions, the reader is hopefully directed to a suitable choice for a successful hunt. This is found within the first section, along with a detailed look at ballistic terminology and a thoughtful discussion of hunting issues such as rifle weight, felt recoil, bullet construction and so on.

The second part makes up the bulk of the book, that being the various data tables. These are broken into Rifle, Shotgun, and Pistol loads and then further divided as noted above.

The third part is a detailed series of Appendices from A to M. Subjects covered include Game Animal Physical Structure, Bullet Expansion, Wound Channel and so on.

The Black Rifle Guide was released in 2013, followed by the Cartridge Comparison Guide 2 in 2015. Be aware that despite the different names, the two guides are about 90% the same material.
The cartridge choices for the Black Rifle Guide are naturally less, as expected. In other words, nobody makes an AR-10 in 7mm Weatherby Magnum, so 7WM is not profiled.

Both guides are printed on high quality glossy white paper, which greatly assists reading the fine print in the tables. Measuring a full 8.5 x 11 inches, both books are coil-spiral bound, allowing them to sit flat when open.

A portion of the proceeds of sales goes to the NRA Foundation’s Firearms and Marksmanship Training Endowment.

If you lived in the `80s and `90s, it would be hard not to remember all the great action stars like Sylvester Stallone, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Bruce Willis. Movies like Die Hard, Rambo and Terminator are as loved today as they were back then—as are their sequels. Many fans wanted to see these men, as well as others, star in an action movie together. Finally, in 2010, the fans’ prayers were answered when The Expendables hit theaters.

The Expendables stars Sylvester Stallone as the leader of a tough band of mercenaries that take jobs nobody else will. It also stars Jason Statham, Jet Li, Dolph Lundgren, Terry Crews and Randy Couture, with both Willis and Schwarzenegger having uncredited cameos. It was a hit at the box office, leading to a sequel in 2012, and another in 2014.

In all three movies, Stallone uses a pair of Kimber M1911A1 Gold Combat II pistols. Both pistols were customized during the second movie with grips featuring the Expendables’ symbol: a crow sitting on a human skull. One of the knives in the movie has the same symbol and grabs the attention of the film’s villain.

The M1911 pistol was designed by one of the greatest gun inventers who ever lived, John Browning. He was the same man who invented the M1918 BAR, the Browning M1919, the M2 .50 caliber and many other guns, some of which are still in use to this day, including the M1911 pistol. It was first adopted by the U.S. Military in 1911 and was used in WWI. After the war, the M1911A1 was created to solve some of its problems on the battlefield. Both guns would continue to be used for the rest of the 20th century; they saw service not only in WWII, Korea and Vietnam, but even in Desert Storm and the Global War on Terror. Nonetheless, the M1911A1 has slowly been replaced by the M9, to the point that it is only used by a few units in both the military and law enforcement.

The M1911A1 is popular in the private sector and is made by a large number of companies. The company that made the guns for this movie is Kimber Manufacturing. Started in Oregon in 1979, it started out selling rifles, but went bankrupt in 1991. It reopened in 1993 and soon afterwards started making M1911A1s, for which it became best known.

The first Expendables movie was a modest film, and a lot more could have been done. The second movie, on the other hand, is far more fun. Joining the original cast are Chuck Norris, Bruce Willis, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Jean-Claude Van Damme as the villain. The gun battles are more epic, and the humor is much better. The third movie is not as good as the second, though it does have Harrison Ford, Wesley Snipes and Antonio Banderas, while featuring Mel Gibson as the new villain. All in all, it is an enjoyable film series that is worth a watch, whether you are a fan of these actors or not.

GAO Rings the Alarm Bell on ATF’s Adherence to Restrictions on Information Collection

Individuals who purchase firearms from federal firearms licensees (FFLs) are often anxious over the potential release of personal information and firearm purchase information recorded on certain forms the FFL is required to keep. What happens to the personal information and firearms information on these government forms? Does the government put the information about purchasers and firearms into a centralized database or system of registration?

Last year, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) issued a report on the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives’ (ATF’s) data restrictions titled, “FIREARMS DATA—ATF Did Not Always Comply with the Appropriations Act Restriction and Should Better Adhere to Policies.”

This article will examine the checks and balances Congress put in place to prevent the ATF from establishing a firearm registration system with centralized purchaser information. We will then review the effectiveness of these checks and balances as reported by the GAO in its June 2016 report to Congress.

I. LEGAL BACKGROUND

Under the Gun Control Act of 1968 (GCA), FFLs must create and maintain records of firearms transactions and make these records available to the ATF for inspection which can be warrantless under certain circumstances. The required records include the Form 4473, which contains the buyer’s personal information, such as name, residence address, date of birth, race and ethnicity, answers to questions focused on the buyer’s eligibility to possess a firearm, as well as the make, model and serial number of the firearm purchased. Additionally, when an FFL sells more than one handgun (pistol or revolver) to a non-licensee, either in the same transaction or within five consecutive business days, the FFL must submit the Report of Multiple Sale or Other Disposition to the ATF and designated state police or local law enforcement. The multiple sale report form also contains personal information about the buyer as well as the make, model and serial number of the particular firearms purchases.

To carry out its responsibilities under the GCA, the ATF maintains computerized information on firearms transactions derived from the Form 4473 and multiple sales reports. Because the information includes a buyer’s personal information and the make, model and serial number of firearms purchased, Congress has attempted to balance the ATF’s responsibilities under the GCA with the privacy rights of firearms owners. One way Congress has influenced the ATF’s ability to consolidate or centralize FFL records has been through restricting the agency’s use of appropriated funds for this activity. This restriction has been included in each of the ATF’s appropriation laws from 1979-2011. It became permanent through enactment of the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act of 2012.

Another control on the ATF’s ability to consolidate firearms information is in the GCA itself, which Congress added when it enacted the Firearms Owners Protection Act of 1986. Section 926(a) (18 U.S.C. § 926(a)) prohibits the ATF from issuing rules or regulations that require FFL records “be recorded at or transferred to a facility owned, managed, or controlled” by the federal, state or local government. Section 926(a) also expressly prohibits the establishment of any system of registration of firearms, firearms owners or firearms transactions.

Although the above provisions appear to prohibit the ATF from centralizing all FFL records, both Congress and the federal courts have recognized important exceptions. For example, information required or incidental to the ATF carrying out its mission to administer and enforce the federal firearms laws is exempt from data restrictions.

The ATF is also authorized to collect, consolidate and centralize data that Congress has expressly authorized by statute. This includes:

• Multiple Sale Reports. FFLs are required by statute to provide a multiple sale report to the ATF whenever the FFL sells within any five consecutive business days, two or more pistols or revolvers to an unlicensed person. The multiple sale reports go to the ATF’s National Tracing Center (NTC) and are used as leads to detect firearms trafficking. The ATF began computerizing multiple sale reports in 1995, but because this is a statutory provision enacted by Congress, the ATF’s centralization and computerization of information on the multiple sale reports do not violate the data restrictions outlined in this article. However, an important part of the program is the ATF’s policy of deleting firearms purchaser names from the multiple sale database two years after the date of sale if the firearms listed on the form are not connected to a firearms trace.

• Out of Business Records. FFLs who discontinue business are required by statute to submit to the ATF all required records, including Form 4473, within 30 days after discontinuing business. The records are sent to the NTC and are imaged for use in tracing crime guns recovered by law enforcement agencies. This is another consolidation of records specifically authorized by Congress which does not violate the data restrictions. In order to avoid any appearance that the agency is using out-of-business records to create a system of gun registration, the ATF images these records as non-searchable images, meaning they cannot be searched through character recognition using text queries. Information on particular firearms or purchasers will only be accessed if the record is required for a firearm trace.

• Demand Letters. As we discussed in our previous “Legally Armed” article titled, “ATF’s Demand Letter Program – Alive and Well Since 2000” (Vol. 21, No. 2), the ATF has the authority under the GCA to require FFLs to report firearms record information to the ATF when requested to do so by letter. So-called “demand letters” may be issued by the ATF field or Headquarters personnel. Demand letters may require information on particular types of firearms, such as used guns, and it may be limited to a particular timeframe. The most recent demand letter program the ATF adopted was in 2011 requiring dealers located in the border states of Arizona, California, New Mexico and Texas to submit a report to the ATF on the sale of two or more semiautomatic rifles having certain specified characteristics. Data from this program, called “Demand Letter 3,” is included in the multiple sale database. Litigation challenging the ATF’s demand letters has failed, with federal courts consistently holding that the GCA does not prohibit the ATF from requiring that FFL records be sent to the agency. Federal court decisions held that the prohibitions on centralizing and consolidating FFL records do not prohibit the ATF from collecting this information.

• A2K Program. Under the GCA, FFLs must respond to an ATF firearms trace request within 24 hours of receiving the request. When the ATF receives a trace request from a law enforcement agency, the ATF contacts the manufacturer, distributor(s) and retail FFLs in the chain of distribution to determine the first retail purchaser of record. The ATF contacts FFLs by phone, fax or e-mail. This process can be time-consuming for FFLs, particularly large manufacturers and distributors who deal in a high-volume of firearms. Consequently, the ATF created the A2K program in 1995 at the request of industry members as a voluntary program providing more efficient responses to trace requests. The participating industry member uploads electronic firearms disposition records (including Form 4473) onto a server that the ATF owns and maintains. The server is located at the facility of the industry member and provides a secure web interface through which authorized ATF personnel can search disposition records for firearms that are the subject of a trace request. Records are searchable by firearm serial number only, and if a record for a firearm is located, the ATF can then request the Form 4473 for that particular firearm transaction. A2K dramatically reduces the cost of firearms tracing for the 35 industry members currently using A2K. The A2K program does not violate the data restrictions on centralizing and consolidating FFL records because the records remain the property of the FFL, the server is on the FFL’s facility, and the ATF accesses records only if a firearm requires tracing.

• Firearms Recovery Notification Program (FRNP). The FRNP was established in 1991 as a criminal investigative service to ATF agents. The program creates and maintains a database of firearms not yet recovered by law enforcement agencies but suspected of being involved in criminal activity. ATF agents submit information into this database to flag a particular firearm so if it is recovered and traced at a later date the requesting agent will be notified. For example, an ATF agent may recover a firearm during a law enforcement operation and discover it was part of a multiple sale with another firearm. The ATF agent may then enter the other firearm into FRNP because of its association with the recovered firearm and its possible connection to trafficking. If the firearm is later recovered, this evidence could be used to support a firearms trafficking case. Information in FRNP does not violate the restrictions on centralizing and consolidating FFL records because it is incident to carrying out one of the primary purposes of the GCA, to investigate and deter violent crimes committed with firearms.

II. GAO REPORT OF JUNE 2016

On August 1, 2016, the GAO published its report on the ATF’s data restrictions titled, “FIREARMS DATA—ATF Did Not Always Comply with the Appropriations Act Restriction and Should Better Adhere to Policies.” The report, dated June 30, 2016, is available on the GAO website at www.gao.gov/products/GAO-16-552.

The GAO identified 16 ATF databases with retail firearms purchaser data and selected the programs outlined above for an in-depth review of whether the ATF’s data collection and maintenance practices comply with Congress-imposed data restrictions and the agency’s own internal policies. We discuss the GAO
findings in turn.

1. GAO Conclusion: ATF Failed to Delete Purchaser Names from Multiple Sale Reports After Two Years

GAO’s review of the multiple sales database revealed that the ATF was not vigilant about deleting purchaser names two years after the date of the reports, assuming the firearm has not been connected to a trace. GAO auditors determined that 10,041 names that should have been deleted remained in the database until May 2016. ATF officials explained to auditors that the system design limitations, which require analysts to write complex queries to locate purchaser names in the database, are not always successful in identifying and removing names. The GAO report also noted that auditors determined that some multiple sale records entered in 1997 were not deleted until November 2009, about 10 years after the required two-year timeframe. The ATF’s explanation for this delay was that deleting a large number of records at once adversely affects the firearms tracing system because it slows the system response time or shuts it down entirely. GAO did not find this explanation credible, noting that the agency’s deletion log indicated the ATF is able to delete almost 100,000 records per day without adversely affecting the system. Accordingly, the GAO concluded that system constraints do not seem to be the reason for the delayed deletion of purchaser names.

2. GAO Conclusion: Out-Of-Business Records System Complies with Data Restrictions

The GAO Report states that out-of-business records are integral to the firearms tracing process. This is because in 35%-38% of firearms trace requests, at least one entity in the chain of distribution has gone out of business. Accordingly, the GAO concluded that the ATF must be able to access out-of-business records to trace the firearm. The report indicates that since 2006, the ATF has scanned out-of-business records as TIFF (Tagged Image File Format) images and stores them in the Out-of-Business Records Imaging System (OBRIS). As stated above, the records are images that cannot be searched with text queries. When the ATF receives electronic records from an FFL going out of business, it converts the files to non-searchable records consistent with paper OBRIS records.

ATF policies require OBRIS records be indexed by FFL number and chronologically by month and year. When there is a firearm trace, an NTC analyst first locates the FFL in the license number index. Once the FFL records are located, the analyst then manually searches the records to narrow the scope by date to records more likely to contain the firearm being traced. The NTC analyst then manually skims through each record in the group until locating the relevant information. It may be necessary to search thousands of pages of records to find the record matching the trace request. This resource-intensive process ensures that no system of registration has been created.

GAO auditors concluded that OBRIS complies with the appropriations act restrictions and adheres to all ATF data policies.

3. GAO Conclusion: The A2K Program for Out-of-Business FFLs Did Not Comply with Data Restrictions

The GAO Report found that beginning in 2000, the ATF maintained A2K disposition data from out-of-business FFLs on a single partitioned server within the NTC. The report noted that maintaining disposition records in this manner violated the appropriations restriction because the agency was centralizing or consolidating FFL records in a manner that was not authorized by the GCA. The report noted that the ATF should have treated A2K participants who went out of business in the same manner as other FFLs, which would require deleting the data on the server and obtaining out-of-business records directly from the FFL.

The GAO Report stated that maintaining the A2K disposition records on an ATF server located at the NTC clearly violated the appropriations restriction. By maintaining the out-of-business disposition information on a server, it could be accessed in the same manner as in-business A2K participants. The report states that, although records were only retrievable by an exact serial number search, in accordance with ATF A2K policy, it would have been technically possible for the ATF to reconfigure the server to allow records to be queried by any field, including purchaser name. This ability brings the data much closer to a system of registration of firearms purchasers in violation of the letter and spirit of the appropriations restriction. When auditors discovered this violation, the ATF began a process of transferring data from the out-of-business A2K records into the out-of-business system as digital images. The ATF deleted the information from the server in March 2016.

The GAO Report recommended that information provided to A2K participants clearly specifies
how out-of-business records should be provided to the agency so that future violations of the appropriations restriction do not occur.

4. GAO Conclusion: FRNP Complies with Restrictions, but One Regional Program Fails

The GAO concluded that FRNP generally complies with the appropriations restriction and adheres to ATF internal policies on retention of firearms purchaser information. The GAO found that gathering information on firearms suspected of a connection to a crime is limited in scope to carry out the ATF’s criminal enforcement mission. The ATF established criteria for adding particular firearms to the FRNP database, which include: (1) large quantities of firearms purchased by an individual; (2) firearms suspected in trafficking but not stolen from an FFL; (3) FFLs suspected of conducting firearms transactions without proper documentation; (4) firearms purchased by suspected straw purchasers, and (5) other—a category that the submitting agent must explain on the form. GAO auditors found that the vast majority of firearms were entered in accordance with the foregoing criteria.

However, auditors identified an ATF regional program conducted from 2007-2009, the “Southwest Border Secondary Market Weapons of Choice Program,” (SWBWOC) did not comply with data restrictions. This is because none of the firearms entered into the database was suspected of being involved in criminal activity associated with an ATF criminal investigation. According to ATF officials, the SWBWOC Program was in place in the ATF’s four southwest border field divisions to more effectively identify the purchasers of used firearms in Mexico. During routine regulatory enforcement inspections of FFLs in these states, ATF investigators recorded information about specified “weapons of choice” in the FFLs’ inventories or sold by the FFLs during the inspection period. The ATF stated that the information recorded was limited to the serial number and description of the firearm and did not include any purchaser information. The firearms information was then entered into FRNP for all of the specified weapons identified during the inspection. If the firearm was subsequently recovered by law enforcement and submitted for a trace, the ATF would identify this record in the system before contacting the manufacturer. The ATF would then be able to quickly identify the FFL that previously had the firearm in inventory.

ATF officials advised GAO that the program was cancelled in October 2009, following the ATF’s legal review of the process by which the information was acquired. However, although the information in FRNP was labeled as “inactive,” it was not deleted. ATF officials notified GAO that the 855 records from the SWBWOC program were deleted from FRNP
in March 2016.

III. CONCLUSIONS

The GAO Report on firearms data restrictions provides firearms owners with good news and bad news. The good news is that for most of the firearms and purchaser data the agency collects, the ATF has not created a system of firearms registration or a database of firearms owners. The bad news is that the ATF has problems complying with some of the data retention periods for purchaser information from multiple sales reports. This confirms the concern of some handgun purchasers that buying two or more handguns from an FFL will result in their names being in a government database forever. In addition, the NTC needs to clarify to A2K participants that the agency will not maintain firearms disposition information after the participants go out of business and then needs to make sure it follows through on that assurance.

Finally, ATF field division personnel should receive regular, mandatory training on data restrictions and the general prohibition on the creation of new databases with purchaser and firearms information. It is important for every ATF employee to understand the sensitivity of this information and the critical responsibility of the agency, as an arm of the federal government, to exercise its authority and power to access to such information fairly, responsibly and in line with the United States Constitution.

The information contained in this article is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not intended to be construed or used as legal advice or as legal opinion. You should not rely or act on any information contained in this article without first seeking the advice of an attorney. Receipt of this article does not establish an attorney-client relationship.

About the authors

Johanna Reeves is the founding partner of the law firm Reeves & Dola, LLP in Washington, DC (www.reevesdola.com). For more than 10 years she has dedicated her practice to advising and representing U.S. companies on compliance matters arising under the federal firearms laws and U.S. export controls. Since 2011, Johanna also has served as Executive Director for the FireArms Import/Export Roundtable (F.A.I.R.) Trade Group (http://fairtradegroup.org). In 2016, Johanna was appointed by the U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Political-Military Affairs to serve on the 2016-18 Defense Trade Advisory Group (DTAG).

Teresa Ficaretta is an expert on ATF regulations under the Gun Control Act, the National Firearms Act, the Arms Export Control Act and federal explosives laws. Before joining Reeves & Dola in 2013, Teresa served as legal counsel to the ATF for 26 years, followed by two years as Deputy Assistant Director in Enforcement Programs and Services. Teresa was elected partner to Reeves & Dola in January 2016.

Both Johanna and Teresa can be reached at 202-683-4200 or at info@reevesdola.com.

I. Heraldry Insignia of the Machine Gun Corps Cavalry. The British Machine Gun Corps (MGC), formed in 1915, was initially divided into three branches–the MGC (Infantry), the MGC (Cavalry) and the Motor Machine Guns (MMG). Later there was a Heavy Section formed in 1916 that ultimately became the Tank Corps. The Infantry is the most well known followed by the Motor Machine Guns. However, the Cavalry Divisions, Yeomanry and Squadrons were based throughout the world and served the Empire in all battle campaigns and far flung outposts. The MGC Cavalry Squadron consisted of eight officers and 203 other ranks, equipped with 299 horses, 18 limbers, one GS wagon and one water cart. These were formed up into six two-gun sections each of a Subaltern, 33 men and 46 horses. The Squadron was commanded by a Captain or Major. A depot for the MGC Cavalry was formed at Maresfield Park. Their battle honors include Mons 1914-18, Ypres 1914-15, Somme 1915-18, Arras 1917, Cambrai 1917, Amiens 1918, Gallipoli 1915, Rafa 1916, Bersheba 1917, Jordan Valley 1918, India 1914-18 and the Persian Gulf. The Cavalry Divisions served on the Western Front and Flanders as well as in Gallipoli and in Mesopotamia throughout the war and took part in actions where cavalry was used as a mounted mobile force and where the troops were dismounted and effectively served as infantry.

II. While the cap badge and collar badges of the Machine Gun Corps were the same regardless of branch with the King’s crown over crossed Vickers, the brass shoulder titles delineated the branches. For the Cavalry units, a “C” was placed under the MGC title.

III. A veteran’s end of war certificate that reads, “On the occasion of Peace being signed, The Officer Commanding Machine Gun Corps Cavalry Reserve Training Centre, Maresfield Park, desires to place on record the Army Councils strong appreciation of the services rendered by No. 50882 Pte. Thomas Simms of the 1st (Kings) D. Guards (1st Kings Dragoon Guards) who served overseas with the 12th 5th M.G. Squadron, from January 1916 to 1919 during the Great War and to wish him all success and prosperity in his future career.”

IV. A wounded veteran’s discharge certificate that reads, “To 110695 Pte. Harold Hitchcock, Machine Gun Corps Cavalry, Having previously served during the War in the City of London Yeomanry, Served with honour and was disabled in the Great War. Honourably discharged on April 11th 1919.”

V. British Army Machine Gun Corps Cavalry officer’s mess tureen to serve soup, stews or casseroles with lid. The insignia of the MGC Cavalry is well displayed on the lid. The style of this tureen is probably from the Maresfield Park depot. Maker marked clearly on the bottom, “John Maddock & Sons Ltd England Royal Vitreous” with a Victorian crown.

VI. British Army Machine Gun Corps Cavalry officer’s mess soup, stew or casserole tureen with lid. The insignia of the MGC Cavalry is well displayed on the lid. The style of this tureen indicates it is from an officer’s mess either from the Middle East Persian Gulf region or India. It is maker marked clearly on the bottom, “Stubbs & Kent Longport.”

VII. Stoneware coffee cup probably from the NCO mess at the Maresfield Park depot emblazoned with the insignia of the Machine Gun Corps Cavalry. No maker marks.

VIII. Glazed stoneware pot for a variety of uses such as a biscuit, jam or pickle jar. Either a private purchase or officer’s/NCO mess item. Under the glaze is the insignia of the Machine Gun Corps Cavalry. The pot is 8 inches in height and 6 inches in diameter.

It is said that knowledge is power, and in this day and age, there are an infinite number of sources that are available for one to obtain such knowledge. Some of us may be old enough to remember having a treasured set of reference volumes proudly displayed for family to use: the encyclopedia. Such tomes, nearly out of date before their printing ink is dry, are now woefully archaic. We have the Internet. We have social media. We have Wiki. We have Google. LMGTFY. Seems like a jumble of letters, right? It’s actually an acronym for “Let Me Google That For You.” When somebody asks an innocent question, such as in a Facebook group, the hive mind, in a fit of condescension, will respond with memes (sarcastic cartoons and images) and intonations of LMGTFY. The implication being that all of the answers the innocent inquiry seeks are available with a simple search. Such powerful tools! All the answers are right there for anyone. Except that it is not necessarily so.

Obtaining answers from the Internet can be akin to attempting to get just a sip of water from a fully involved fire hose. Yes, the answer may be in that stream. But there is SO MUCH stream going past; so fast, that you might not get the right answer that you seek. And what if you are fortunate to stumble across a group of “experienced experts” who are all too happy to contribute their opinion on your quest for knowledge? They may mean well, but what if they are wrong? How do you separate the wheat from the chaff?

Take, for example, an inquiry in a Facebook group by what can only be assumed to be a US veteran who was dealing with some very real problems. This person bravely revealed that he was in the middle of treatment for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and that the next steps in the treatment process were looking like a voluntary check into a VA hospital for further psychiatric evaluation and treatment. To his credit, he was inquiring about what to do with his NFA weapons during the treatment phase and was polling the group on what to do with the items owned by way of his NFA trust. Such is the comfort we have in “trusting the net” to point us in the right direction. Unfortunately, this faith can be misplaced.

Answers ranged from “just lock the stuff up until you’re done” to “just give it to your brother (who was mentioned as being involved with the trust)” and to advise him to arrange to have a local NFA dealer hold the items. A very few responses suggested that the original inquirer get in touch with the lawyer who drew up the trust. And that is right answer! Despite a general sentiment that lawyers are not liked and that the person should just do the expedient thing, regardless of the ramifications, the advice to do it right was only mildly represented. Without having the text of the trust available, people were opining on what he could and could not do, who was and was not a responsible person and what a beneficiary could do (without knowing the trust terms that provide for the beneficiary to receive the assets). Many of the suggestions could not only be flat-out wrong, they could ultimately cause even more problems for somebody who was trying to do the right thing. That would be a devastating outcome for the person seeking help. Sure, many of the topic contributors applauded the original poster for recognizing the need for help. But many of the casual words resulted in yet more graffiti on the Facebook wall. Casual words for the participants and potential confiscation, prosecution or forfeiture for others.

The NFATCA continues to work to provide plain English answers to common NFA questions. We started that work by creating the initial NFA Handbook that is now maintained by ATF (and is in need of updating!). The NFATCA fields daily inquiries regarding process and practice. But when the matter becomes something that clearly involves the potential loss of property or liberty, we refer the inquiries to professionals who are properly equipped to appropriately deal with the matter at hand. Some answers are, indeed, easier than others. We want to make sure that you get the right one.

B&T

The USW is a Swiss designed, engineered and produced service weapon that combines the size and weight of a normal duty pistol but extends the range, accuracy and effectiveness to that of a 9mm carbine. It is ideal for police work but also as a military PDW. While the stock, when folded, does not affect the use of the USW as a pistol, it can be unfolded to be used as a carbine in less than 0.5 seconds.

Model: B&T USW A1
Species (semi-automatic, select fire, etc.): Semi-automatic pistol / PDW
Caliber(s): 9 x 19mm
Overall Length Standard Model: 253 / 468mm (folding stock)
Barrel Lengths Available: 110mm
Weight, Standard Model, empty magazine, no optic or bipod: 1170 g (optic always included)
Feed System: Magazine, 17, 19, 30 rounds
Effective Range: 80 meter

Military and law enforcement professionals will appreciate the MP9-N, the world’s lightest 9 x 19mm select fire weapon. The B&T MP9-N is ideal for surveillance teams, vehicle crews, close protection, SWAT teams and as a PDW. In service with several armed forces worldwide, it has proven its value in today’s conflicts as a PDW countless times. The MP9-N surpasses all other submachine guns and PDWs on the market when compared by size, weight and flexibility.

Model: MP9
Species (semi-automatic, select fire, etc.): Compact select fire submachinegun / PDW
Caliber(s): 9 x 19mm
Overall Length Standard Model: 303 / 523mm (folding stock)
Barrel Lengths Available: 130mm
Weight, Standard Model, empty magazine, no optic or bipod: 1560 g
Feed System: Magazine, 15, 20, 25, 30 rounds
Effective Range: 100 meter

Freedom Armory Machine Works

Freedom Armory Machine Works Dragoon 5.56mm and Dragoon 7.62mm suppressors feature top-rated sound reduction in lightweight, fully serviceable, all titanium suppressors that completely disassemble for cleaning with common tools. Available as Direct Attach or Quick Detach, the 5.56mm suppressor is rated for .22LR thru .22-250 calibers, and the 7.62mm suppressor is rated for .22LR thru .300 Wby Mag. Our proprietary all titanium flash hider/Quick Detach mount allows installation/removal in seconds. Visit www.famachineworks.com for further details.

Model: Dragoon 5.56
Species (semi-automatic, select fire, etc.): Suppressor
Caliber(s): 5.56 mm
Overall Length Standard Model: 7.5″ Quick Detach (QD), 6.75″ Direct Attach (DA)
Barrel Lengths Available: N/A
Weight, Standard Model: 10.96 oz. Quick Detach (QD), 9.66 oz. Direct Attach (DA)
Mfg accuracy tests (MOA): Dragoon 5.56mm sound suppressors available in Direct Attach or Quick Detach models

Model: Dragoon 7.62
Species (semi-automatic, select fire, etc.): Suppressor
Caliber(s): 7.62 mm
Overall Length Standard Model: 9.5″ 7.5″ Quick Detach (QD), 8.75″ Direct Attach (DA)
Barrel Lengths Available: N/A
Weight, Standard Model: 12.95 oz. Quick Detach (QD), 11.46 oz. Direct Attach (DA)
Mfg accuracy tests (MOA): Dragoon 7.62mm sound suppressors available in Direct Attach or Quick Detach models

ST Kinetics

The Compact Personal Weapon (CPW) is a lightweight, compact and efficient weapon with low recoil. Combining the designs of a hand-held compact pistol and the retractable butt-stock feature of a full-sized submachine gun, the CPW provides users with superiority in close combat and medium range situations. With its ease of operation and control, the CPW represents a new generation of compact and improved performance submachine guns.

Model: CPW (Compact Personal Weapon)
Species (semi-automatic, select fire, etc.): Semi- and auto-fire modes
Website: http://www.stengg.com/products-solutions/products/compact-personal-weapon
Caliber(s): 9mm
Overall Length Standard Model: 500mm (19.7 in) stock extended, 350mm (13.8 in) stock folded
Barrel Lengths Available: 180mm (7”)
Weight, Standard Model, empty magazine, no optic or bipod: 1.7kg (2.1 with full magazine, optic or bipod)
Feed System: Delayed blow back
Effective Range: 100m

SureFire LLC

The SOCOM556-MINI2 suppressor is a shorter, lighter version of SureFire’s SOCOM556-RC2, the most advanced 5.56mm rifle suppressor ever made. The full-length version was selected by US Special Operations Command as first among all competitors in the most extensive and rigorous suppressor evaluation in history, which covered all aspects of suppressor performance. Patented Fast-Attach® design attaches and removes in seconds. Minimal, consistent point-of-impact shift compared with unsuppressed weapon. Constructed of advanced high-temperature alloys and stainless steel.

Model: SOCOM556-MINI2
Species (semi-automatic, select fire, etc.): Suppressor
Caliber(s): 5.56, 4.6, 5.7
Overall Length Standard Model: 5.2″
Barrel Lengths Available: N/A
Weight, Standard Model, empty magazine, no optic or bipod: 14.5 oz. (411 g)
Mfg accuracy tests (MOA): All SOCOM rifle and carbine suppressors are test fired and must shoot a group no more than 1 MOA than that of the baseline platform unsuppressed group to pass.

he M312 is a lightweight, compact weaponlight featuring 300 lumens of blinding light. The M312 attaches to any rail via its low-profile RM45, which positions the light in the off-set position, decreasing overall profile and limiting snag factor. The light is activated via a DS07, which includes a click pushbutton and ST07 remote-switch with seven-inch cable. Constructed of aerospace aluminum, hard anodized with a Mil-Spec finish, and O-ring sealed, the tough M312 provides a tactical advantage in low-light situations.

Model: M312C-BK
Species (semi-automatic, select fire, etc.): Weaponlight
Overall Length Standard Model: 4.9″
Weight, Standard Model, empty magazine, no optic or bipod: 5.9 oz. (167 g)