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		<title>Krebs Custom KV 13 Vepr AK</title>
		<link>https://smallarmsreview.com/krebs-custom-kv-13-vepr-ak/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[SAR Staff]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 01 Aug 2014 15:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://smallarmsreview.com/?p=33258</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[By Todd Burgreen The rising tide of AK popularity in the U.S. is hard to refute and not going to be stemmed any time soon. Factors such as effective cartridges available in bulk combined with utterly reliable rifles reasonably priced with sturdy economical high capacity magazines are hard to argue with. The increasing amount of [&#8230;]]]></description>
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<p>By Todd Burgreen<br><br>The rising tide of AK popularity in the U.S. is hard to refute and not going to be stemmed any time soon. Factors such as effective cartridges available in bulk combined with utterly reliable rifles reasonably priced with sturdy economical high capacity magazines are hard to argue with. The increasing amount of performance enhancing accessories coming available only heightens AK popularity. This re-appraisal of the AK platform is leading to interesting developments leaving the once accepted AK credo of being a basic weapon worthy only of open sights in the dust. Custom AK gunsmith Krebs Custom is leading the way in pushing AK capability boundaries.<br><br>Krebs Custom pioneered work on the Izhmash Saiga rifles and shotguns; now due to import availability Krebs Custom has turned its attention to the Saiga’s Russian cousin the MOLOT VEPR in the form of the KV 13 5.45&#215;39 reviewed herein. While the Saiga AK from Izhmash is the more widely known imported Russian AK import, the VEPR has its own impressive heritage and distinguishing characteristics. The VEPR built at the MOLOT factory is a direct descendant of the RPK light machine gun. This is reflected in its hammer forged barrel, which is chrome lined, and thicker steel receiver and trunnions due to the abuse typical of working as a light machine gun. The transition into the civilian market came about due to the collapse of the Soviet Union and end of the Cold War limiting production needs. The years of political reconstruction changed much at the MOLOT factory. In 1994, MOLOT designers introduced a VEPR sporting hunting rifle first chambered for the 7.62&#215;39 cartridge. It was not long, 1995 in fact, until a VEPR .308Win was introduced in an effort to boost foreign sales and interest. Other calibers such as .223Rem, 5.45&#215;39, and 7.62x54R were added as well. MOLOT has been building to Soviet/Russian military specification for over 50 years with this experience reflected in the VEPR series. For example, the cold hammer forged barrel is rated for over 50,000 rounds. Each barrel is heat treated for eight hours then is annealed and chromed under vacuum to produce the highest quality chrome lined barrel possible.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="700" height="467" src="https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/002-48.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-33260" srcset="https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/002-48.jpg 700w, https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/002-48-300x200.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /><figcaption>Krebs Customís take on how to modernize the VEPR AK platform focuses on effective mounting of optics and providing rail interface for mission specific accessories. Other improvements involve AR style rear stock, Krebs Mk IV safety lever, and extended sight radius. The KV 13 is a solid rifle intended for serious use.</figcaption></figure>
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<p>Though modified to meet import requirements via sporter stock with no pistol grip, at the heart of the Russian VEPR rifle is an AK operating system. The process to modify the VEPR back into the more familiar AK profile is relatively well known and straight forward process involving moving trigger guard forward to make room for pistol grip, replacing fire control group, and installing AK stock of choice. Krebs Custom takes this a step further – a much larger step. There is a tremendous amount of fitting that goes into the all Krebs Custom AKs. All receive an internal reliability check with a light honing of the bolt/carrier group and guide rails. Krebs Custom has lent its expertise to the KV 13 VEPR rifle in an effort to increase its performance levels. One obvious Krebs’ tweak is the extended length open sight configuration. Krebs Custom provides an integral M16A2 aperture rear sight mounted on the rear of the dust cover with both battle sight and long range apertures that is windage adjustable. The Krebs’ AR-type open sights provides 60% greater sight radius than a standard AK. The AR style sights combined with increased sight radius offered by mounting rear turret on dust cover is far superior to standard AK sights.<br><br>Krebs Custom continued with upgrading the KV 13 VEPR by installing a customized KeyMod interface railed forend. The KeyMod rail was designed by VLTOR and now open sourced to the industry. An important KeyMod benefit is it keeps the overall rifle package lighter and more compact. The Krebs Custom Key Mod rail is perfect for adding any suitable optic due to its rock steady nature allowing for no shifting zero once a scope is sighted in. The ability to use forward mounted optics shows the flexibility offered by the Krebs Custom KV 13 modifications.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" width="700" height="467" src="https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/003-44.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-33261" srcset="https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/003-44.jpg 700w, https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/003-44-300x200.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /><figcaption>The Krebs KV 13 VEPRs starts with one basic advantage ñ it is based on the AK operating system ñ thus features ultra reliability.</figcaption></figure>
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<p>The Krebs VEPR AK 5.45&#215;39 measures 38 inches long with stock extended and 34 inches when fully collapsed from rear buttstock to the tip of the permanently attached Krebs Custom four prong flash hider affixed to the chrome lined 14 inch barrel. An ACE hinge connects the Magpul CTR to the rear trunnion and offers a user the option of folding it for compact transport. The KV 13 measures 26 inches with stock folded. Weight of the Krebs Custom KV 13 is slightly over 8 pounds.<br><br>Tapco SAW style pistol grip and Krebs Custom Mk IV safety lever round out the Krebs’ KV 13. The Krebs Mk IV safety lever allows for the safety selector to be manipulated by the trigger finger without changing the firing grip on the weapon. This nuance has an immediate real world improvement on handling the VEPR. The ability to keep your hand in a firing position while working the safety allows for faster first shot reaction times. The SAW style grip better aligns the shooter’s hand and fingers when making a precise shot. All of these modifications are not merely “smoke and mirrors,” but rather concerted effort to improve upon VEPR performance and accuracy; while maintaining AK qualities of ultra reliability, ruggedness, and simplicity. Marc Krebs is an ideal candidate to lend his experience to improving the VEPR AK without altering it beyond what is feasible or practical.<br><br>In combination with the Krebs KV 13, one concept that has piqued interest is setting up Kalashnikov AK with extended eye relief magnified optic mounted on a railed forend; for lack of a better term a “scout scope” configuration. Credit must be given that this configuration was initially noticed at various sources including Tactical Response and Suarez International. The AK with forward mounted scope is simple and builds on previous ideas advocated with other firearm types such as bolt-action and lever-action rifles. With the ever increasing popularity of AK rail systems, red dot optics are becoming the norm. AK shooters have discovered the advantages offered via red dots in terms of accuracy and speed when engaging targets; why not take this a step further and use a scout scope with minimal magnification and a cross hair that does not rely on batteries?</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" width="700" height="467" src="https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/004-44.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-33262" srcset="https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/004-44.jpg 700w, https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/004-44-300x200.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /><figcaption>ne obvious Krebs addition to the VEPR AK is the AR style aperture sight mounted on the rear of the dust cover providing an extended sight radius compared to a standard AK.</figcaption></figure>
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<p>A Leupold FX II 2.5x28mm IER scope was mounted on the Krebs KV 13. The Leupold optic added only a little over 8.5 ounces to the total rifle package. The Leupold 2.5x IER scope offers the capability to engage multiple targets in rapid sequence more accurately compared to open sights and at greater distances. As many “maturing” shooters can attest to the single focus plane with the reticle is easier to shoot accurately than coordinating front and rear sights. Shooters familiar to red dots will be pleasantly surprised by the utility of the Leupold 2.5x Scout scope. The Leupold scope gathers light in dim light, the crosshair is hard to beat for aiming point, and the magnification aids in accuracy and finding lanes of fire when firing in dense crowded areas. The Leupold is far superior to any open sight and allows for reliable target recognition in low light compared to open or red dot sights. The Leupold 2.5x Scout Scope was mounted via Weaver See-thru rings.<br><br>The Bindon Concept of keeping both eyes open and having a reticle appear to float in front of the rifle works with the forward mounted scout scope. By keeping both eyes open the Leupold reticle was quick to locate at ranges out to 100 yards and closing one eye provided fine tuning at distance. An illuminated center dot reticle would have been even better for CQB distances. A back-up to using the scope at close range was still sought. Range time indicated that steel man poppers were reliably hit when taking advantage of the “see-thru” rings and indexing off of the KV 13’s rifle’s front sight post – sort of a “caveman EOTech” concept. The goal was not to inhibit the ability to engage extreme CQB targets if the need arose.<br><br>Multiple 5.45&#215;39 loads were tested with the Krebs Custom KV 13 such as Wolf, Tula, Silver Bear in 60 grain and 70 grain varieties. A new addition to the 5.45&#215;39 ammunition realm was also accessed – Century International Arms’ Red Arms Standard brand. Red Army Standard 5.45&#215;39 69 grain ammunition is offered in handy Range Packs (180 rounds) as well as 30-round boxes. Red Army Standard is manufactured by the same factories that produced billions of rounds of ammunition for the Soviet Red Army and Warsaw Pact nations. The Range Pack boxes indicated Ukrainian manufacturing. (Century International Arms Red Army Standard will be available in other popular Warsaw Pact rifle calibers such as 7.62x39mm (123 grain FMJ) and 7.62x54R (148 grain FMJ). Of special note with the 5.45&#215;39 is the still available surplus 53 grain 5.45&#215;39 ammunition. This is loaded with the 7N6 “poison pill” bullet that first gained notoriety in the Soviet-Afghan War. A unique design feature of the 5.45&#215;39 cartridge is an air space inside the jacket at the bullet’s tip. The air space serves to shift the bullet’s centre of mass toward the rear, possibly contributing to its very early yaw when impacting a soft target. In addition, on bullet impact with tissue, the lead core just behind the air space shifts forward into this space. This is particularly devastating when striking soft tissue. This shift of lead occurs asymmetrically and may be one reason for the peculiar curvature of the bullet’s path in the last half of its travel through tissue. One downside typical to most surplus ammunition is that it utilizes corrosive primers.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="700" height="467" src="https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/005-40.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-33263" srcset="https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/005-40.jpg 700w, https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/005-40-300x200.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /><figcaption>The Krebs Mk IV safety lever allows for the safety selector to be manipulated by the trigger finger without changing the firing grip on the weapon. This is an important nuance that offers real improvement in terms of handling. It also allows the AK bolt to be locked open via notch in Krebsí safety lever.</figcaption></figure>
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<p>Two 5.45 ammunition loadings were of interest when combined with the magnified forward optic; Hornady 60 grain VMax and Dynamit Nobel 59 grain HP loading. The Hornady 5.45&#215;39 load is a godsend for AK owners looking for a quality U.S. made ammunition choice for their rifles. By good fortune the Dynamit Nobel 59 grain 5.45&#215;39 was discovered at Century International for sale several years ago with a couple cases acquired. The Hornady 60 grain VMax bullet mated to steel cases is starting to arrive on dealers’ shelves in quantity. The Hornady VMax loads delivered accuracy in the 1.5 inch range at 100 yards with the Dynamit Nobel producing similar results. The other ammunition brands produced 2-3 inch groups at 100 yards. The Leupold FX II 2.5x28mm IER scope proved advantageous in ascertaining KV 13 accuracy compared to open sights or red dot. The 70 grain 5.45&#215;39 loads produced 2,770 fps and the 60 grain nudged high 2,800 fps when fired thru the Krebs KV 13 5.45 with the 53gr surplus ammunition clocking in at 2,950 fps.<br><br>The Krebs KV 13 5.45mm combined with magnified optics mated to quality ammunition in the form of the Hornady VMax is what many AK connoisseurs have been waiting on. There are many pages written in magazines and on various internet forums about what it would take to turn the AK into more of a general purpose rifle. The hold-up to more effective use of the AK at ranges past 200 yards usually revolves around solid scope mounting and ammunition of greater quality than what is offered in the surplus realm. The Krebs KV 13 solves this conundrum.<br><br>Team Tactic drills are a favorite method to evaluate a fighting rifle. One gets a good sense of the way a weapon handles along with reliability due to the sum of ammunition expended in short time frames characteristic of these Team Tactic drills. The full gamut of rifle manipulation is encompassed in Team Tactics training evolutions – handling around cover while engaging designated targets, accuracy to effectively strike at both distance and CQB ranges, magazine changes, and reliability once a weapon gets heated up. During the evaluation over 500 rounds were fired with no issue. Anecdotally, the recoil impulse with the Krebs Custom KV 13 seemed smoother than other AKs tested to date. While the 5.45&#215;39 is not considered a heavy recoiling round by any stretch, the KV 13’s recoil and muzzle rise was negligible even when firing multiple rounds in quick secession. The 8 pound KV 13 balanced well with kudos given to the Krebs’ KeyMod set up keeping weight centered or even slightly rearward of action versus front heavy as most quad rail forends are.<br><br>Is the Krebs KV 13 5.45&#215;39 AK with forward mounted scope the answer for everyone or going to displace red dot optics in the tactical realm? No, but it is a valid concept that should not be scoffed at by individuals until fully assessed for what it offers and brings to the table in terms of capabilities offered. The AK with forward mounted scope probably has more appeal to the civilian having to satisfy multi-purpose roles based on budgets or what can be realistically supported logistically. A civilian does not have the luxury of checking out mission specific firearms based on mission brief. The Krebs KV 13 is a definite improvement over the standard AK platform. However, individual preferences dictate comfort level when contemplating choosing a non-typical profile rifle such as the KV 13 with some appreciating and other discounting what it offers.</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="700" height="467" src="https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/006-32.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-33264" srcset="https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/006-32.jpg 700w, https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/006-32-300x200.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /><figcaption>US Palm AK Defender chest rig and Agile Combat System (ACS) armor was used in evaluating the Krebs KV 13. The AK Defender is a low profile secure platform for three AK magazines and three pistol magazines. The ACS comes with a Level III soft armor insert with ability to install hard SAPI plates. Like the KV 13, the US Palm ACS is imminently adaptable allowing a user to configure front and rear components as needed based on perceived mission needs.</figcaption></figure>
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<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Sites of Interest</h2>



<p><strong>Krebs Custom, Inc.</strong><br>1000 Rand Road<br>Wauconda, IL 60084<br>Ph: (847) 487-7776<br><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="http://www.krebscustom.com" data-type="URL" data-id="www.krebscustom.com" target="_blank">www.krebscustom.com</a><br><br><strong>Leupold &amp; Stevens, Inc.</strong><br>14400 NW Greenbrier Pkwy<br>Beaverton, OR 97006<br>Ph: (800) LEUPOLD<br><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="http://www.leupold.com" data-type="URL" data-id="www.leupold.com" target="_blank">www.leupold.com</a><br><br><strong>Hornady Mfg., Inc.</strong><br>3625 Old Potash Hwy<br>Grand Island, NE 68802<br>Ph: (800) 338-3220<br><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="http://www.hornady.com" data-type="URL" data-id="www.hornady.com" target="_blank">www.hornady.com</a><br><br><strong>Wolf Ammunition</strong><br>PO Box 757<br>Placentia, CA 92871<br>Ph: (888) 757-9653<br><a href="http://www.wolfammo.com" data-type="URL" data-id="www.wolfammo.com" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">www.wolfammo.com</a><br><br><strong>Century International Arms</strong><br>430 South Congress Ave. Suite 1<br>Delray Beach, FL 33445<br>Ph: (800) 527-1252<br><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="http://www.centuryarms.com" data-type="URL" data-id="www.centuryarms.com" target="_blank">www.centuryarms.com</a></p>



<figure class="wp-block-table aligncenter"><table><tbody><tr><td><em>This article first appeared in Small Arms Review V18N4 (August 2014)</em></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
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		<title>THE CENTURY INTERNATIONAL AES 10B</title>
		<link>https://smallarmsreview.com/the-century-international-aes-10b/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[SAR Staff]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Nov 2011 16:47:00 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[It is a safe bet that everyone reading this magazine has been drawn by some inexorable force into considering a weapon that made no sense when one’s “needs” are analyzed empirically. Often times these firearms are sentimental favorites based on an affiliation with an original model not readily accessed. A recent phenomenon along these lines [&#8230;]]]></description>
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<p>It is a safe bet that everyone reading this magazine has been drawn by some inexorable force into considering a weapon that made no sense when one’s “needs” are analyzed empirically. Often times these firearms are sentimental favorites based on an affiliation with an original model not readily accessed. A recent phenomenon along these lines is represented by the Century International Arms semiautomatic AES-10B patterned after a Romanian version of the RPK light machine gun. The AK series of weapons are experiencing a renaissance/resurgence in popularity in the U.S. The AK’s association as the “enemy’s” weapon seems not to deter its growing popularity in the U.S. This stems from many factors: rugged reliability, price point, reasonably priced ammunition, an appreciation of 7.62&#215;39 terminal ballistics, and the ever increasing quality and quantity of after-market parts.</p>



<p>The affinity toward AK platforms for many started with the affordable Romanian manufactured AKs arriving in the early 1990s, before the 1994 Assault Weapon Ban went into effect. While not aesthetically pleasing, ergonomic, or as inherently accurate as an AR, for many the AK was quickly turned into a “go to hell” rifle. A “go to hell” label translates into what rifle you would reach for when the world goes in the pot and you rush into your safe room looking for a rifle and pre-loaded magazines. The AK serves this role for many based on reliability no matter what field conditions it finds itself in. Smoking hand guards on an AK means it is only getting warmed up. Of course, this is an over simplification in the same vein that ARs are indeed more reliable than most give them credit for and AKs are more accurate.</p>



<p>The Century AES-10B RPK weighs approximately 12 pounds empty and the 23-inch 1:10 twist barrel lends to an overall length of 42 inches with wire stock unfolded and 34.25 inches folded. The wire folding stock is a unique AES-10B feature compared to most RPKs affixed with wooden stocks. The AES-10B’s wire stock comes with the added benefit that the rear trunnion is already configured to accommodate standard AK rear stocks. This is useful if an owner wants to switch out the rear stock to better suit their individual preferences unlike other semiautomatic RPK clones on the market. Most RPK clones are limited in this area fitted with either a “clubfoot” RPD-style stock or oversized AK wood stocks associated with Yugoslavian M72 versions of the RPK with no easy means available to switch out stocks unless the rear trunnion is modified. The AES-10B’s heavy barrel measures approximately 3/4 inches in diameter and is U.S. made sans chrome-lining. The U.S. made barrel contributes to the magical number of needed U.S. parts to pass BATF muster. The M14:1 LH threaded muzzle comes equipped with a slanted muzzle brake. The AES-10B RPK features an integral bipod that folds underneath the barrel until deployed. Research and observation indicates that the stamped receiver is reinforced and enlarged around the front trunnion connection to the barrel.</p>



<p>The RPK configured AES-10B differs from the typical AK/AKM in a number of design improvements intended to facilitate its role as a light machine gun. The barrel is lengthened and thickened to not only increase muzzle velocity, but also allow for increased heat capacity during extended fire sessions. Along these same lines the barrel is mated to a reinforced receiver housing reflective of its sustained fire role. 40-round stick and 75-round drum magazines were developed with the RPK to improve its combat rate of fire. The RPK was outfitted with folding bipod to stabilize it during deployment assisting a squad or platoon in advancing towards its objective or defending from an attack. The RPK rear sight is outfitted with sliding windage mechanism to improve fire accuracy and ease of adjustability. The original RPKs featured a rear stock identical to the Degtyarev RPD 44 machine gun. The interchangeability of parts between the RPK and AK/AKM is high including magazines.</p>



<p>As with most weapons adapted to suit a role beyond its original design intent the RPK has some drawbacks. The combination of firing from a closed bolt and fixed barrel translates into an operator having to use good fire discipline or the RPK will overheat and fail. Optimal sustained fire is around 80 rounds per minute. If overused, chambered rounds could “cook off;” not to mention barrel damage. The fixed barrel combined with inability to fire via belt fed ammunition cause many to question its utility as light machine gun. Comparisons to the U.S. BAR are common, though not necessarily accurate considering cartridges fired and different operating design ala closed bolt for RPK compared to open bolt for BAR. The RPK design commenced in the late 1950s and finalized by the Red Army in 1961, but did not enter wide-spread service until 1964. Each infantry squad was issued one RPK along with a 75-round drum magazine. The RPK continues in service in numerous post-Soviet countries and allies to this day with hundreds of thousands produced. The Kalashnikov’s gas piston operating system’s greatest benefit is reliability in more diverse environments due to reduced sensitivity to dirt and grime, not to mention the more powerful leverage it applies to the bolt compared to direct gas. Another key component is looser tolerances in the moving parts, giving it more latitude to function when dirty from field conditions or not cleaning after firing numerous rounds.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/001-31.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-19723" width="563" height="422" srcset="https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/001-31.jpg 750w, https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/001-31-300x225.jpg 300w, https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/001-31-600x450.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 563px) 100vw, 563px" /><figcaption><em>Echo Valley Training Center’s stepped target berms allowed for the AES-10B to engage multiple targets of opportunity across various ranges. The windage adjustable rear sight and carry handle are clearly shown. The AES-10B’s longer and heavier profile barrel compared to a standard AK’s provides for extended sight radius and improved heat resistance allowing for longer strings of fire.</em></figcaption></figure></div>



<p>Century literature details an interesting story behind the AES-10B RPKs &#8211; though perhaps apocryphal. These rifles are the semiautomatic only version of the Romanian RPKs issued to elite paratrooper forces during the Communist Ceausescu Regime. The extremely rare AES-10B variant currently being offered is built using a small cache of rifles found in a sealed building in the Transylvanian factory town of Cugir. These were apparently to be issued for a planned massive troop build-up on the Romanian/Hungarian border when tensions flared between the two Warsaw Pact member states. Luckily, cooler heads prevailed and a crisis was averted. The rifles are identified by featuring a side folding stock, integral carry handle and bipod.</p>



<p>The Century AES-10B RPK was enjoyable to shoot at the range and amazingly effective in supplying firepower downrange. While not surprised at the lack of sub-MOA accuracy, it was very possible to hit man sized Mike Gibson Manufacturing (MGM) precision rifle targets placed at 200 and 300 yards. The prone position utilizing the integral bipod was predominately used for the evaluation; though standing and kneeling off hand positions were experimented with no problem even with 75-round drum magazines inserted. Fortunately, Echo Valley Training Center has installed two permanent “foxholes” created by turning large diameter concrete culvert pipes end wise into the ground complete with firing step in the bottom. Echo Valley Training Center features multi-stepped target berms that are strewn with reactive steel targets, fluid drained automobiles, and moving targets at ranges varying from 150 yards out to 350 yards. The protected firing positions were perfect for evaluating the AES-10B RPK in its intended fire support role. While certainly not comparable to a belt-fed switch barrel machine gun, a relatively large volume of fire was possible, especially when used with a high capacity 75-round drum with attention paid not to exceed 60 rounds per minute for any extended fire sessions. Two 40-round magazines come with AES-10B and standard 30-round AK magazines work fine as well.</p>



<p>The semiautomatic AES-10B firing the 7.62&#215;39 cartridge is very controllable with its extra weight over the standard AK. In comparison to the RPK’s big brother, the PKM chambered in 7.62x54R, the RPK is a pleasure to shoot. The PKM medium machine gun is a handful compared to the semiautomatic RPK firing the intermediate 7.62&#215;39. The wire folding stock did not prove problematic in terms of comfort or proper aiming with the AES-10B. Original thoughts of replacing the folding wire stock were shelved. At ranges under 400 yards one would not be considered terribly under-gunned with the AES-10B RPK semiautomatic. The car placed 200 yards away could not withstand the AES-10B fire. Rounds penetrated sheet metal, seats, or anything else in its path as the 7.62&#215;39 easily passed through the car; only the wheel rims and engine block provided a modicum amount of resistance.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/002-31.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-19724" width="563" height="329" srcset="https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/002-31.jpg 750w, https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/002-31-300x175.jpg 300w, https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/002-31-600x350.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 563px) 100vw, 563px" /><figcaption><em>The wire folding stock on the AES-10B proved more comfortable and conducive to firing the AES-10B than expected. The folded stock allows for easier transportation and storage. The integral bipod was another feature that was found to be well done and added to the AES-10B capabilities.</em></figcaption></figure></div>



<p>Multiple 7.62&#215;39 loads were tested with the Century AES-10B such as Hornady, Wolf, Barnaul, Egyptian and Yugoslavian surplus. Barnaul Silver Bear zinc-plated and Wolf Ammunition steel cased 122gr and 124gr loads hovered in the 3 inch range at 100 yards with surplus Egyptian and Yugoslavian 7.62&#215;39 producing similar groups. I found this acceptable considering my eyes and the non-target style battle sights that are found on the AES-10B. Unlike typical AK sights, the AES-10B’s rear sight was windage adjustable. The sights were right on out of the box. The G2 trigger was typically smooth and with reasonable pull weight measuring slightly over 5 lbs. The notorious AK trigger “slap” was present, but not all that distracting or painful if shooting gloves were used. No malfunctions were encountered in over 900 rounds fired during three range sessions while compiling this article. Interestingly, both the Egyptian and Yugoslavian surplus ammunition feature brass cases. One downside to the surplus ammunition is that it does utilize corrosive primers. Something the Russians and other ex-Soviet bloc states insisted on using due to concerns with cold weather ignition and long-term storage capabilities offered by corrosive primers. However, stocking up on it cannot be resisted considering that it can be still found at .25 cents a round or lower. Corrosive ammunition is not the destroyer of rifles many will lead you to believe as long as proper cleaning methods are followed to remove elements left over from the primer residue.</p>



<p>The long anticipated Hornady 123gr SST bullets mated to steel cases are starting to arrive on dealers’ shelves and were tested with the AES-10B. Seems that the original Hornady 7.62&#215;39 loads that featured the V-Max bullet is being replaced with the SST bullet which represents a more controlled expansion with its bullet construction in lieu of the more varmint style V-Max construction. The SST loads delivered with accuracy in the 2 inch range at 100 yards. In all fairness, a magnified optic would have probably produced better accuracy results in lieu of the open sights, especially with the Hornady loads. The Century AES-10B comes equipped with a side rail scope base permitting the install of optics if desired and just not Com-bloc varieties with the advent of Picatinny-style side mounts. The thought of mounting a red dot or low magnification scope was toyed with ala what is being seen overseas on our troops M240/M249 weapons. The accuracy levels exhibited by the Hornady 123gr load added emphasis to this thought process, but was ultimately not employed. Gilt edge accuracy is not the goal with the AES-10B; it is a fighting rifle measured by a different set of parameters. Individuals will have to decide for themselves if the AES10B is worthy of a red dot or magnified optic.</p>



<p>Some will be attracted to the Century International Arms AES-1OB for its proven potential as a weapon, while others will find it the closest opportunity they will have to own a working replica of a historical firearm. It is very possible to state that the Century AES-10B was an enjoyable rifle to shoot and handle at the range. The AES-10B is an interesting piece of firearm development history that can still perform on the range.</p>



<p><strong>SOURCES</strong></p>



<p><strong>Century International Arms</strong><br>430 South Congress Ave. Suite 1<br>Delray Beach, FL 33445<br>(800) 527-1252<br><a href="https://www.centuryarms.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.centuryarms.com</a></p>



<p><strong>Echo Valley Training Center</strong><br><a href="https://echovalleytrainingcenter.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.echovalleytrainingcenter.com</a></p>



<p><strong>Hornady Mfg. Inc.</strong><br>3625 Old Potash Hwy<br>Grand Island, NE 68802<br>(800) 338-3220<br><a href="https://www.hornady.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.hornady.com</a></p>



<p><strong>Wolf Ammunition</strong><br>PO Box 757<br>Placentia, CA 92871<br>(888) 757-9653<br><a href="http://wolfammo.com/default.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.wolfammo.com</a></p>



<figure class="wp-block-table aligncenter is-style-stripes"><table><tbody><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"><em>This article first appeared in Small Arms Review V15N2 (November 2011)</em></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
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		<title>POLISH TOKAREV TT-33</title>
		<link>https://smallarmsreview.com/polish-tokarev-tt-33/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[SAR Staff]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 17 Apr 2011 19:38:00 +0000</pubDate>
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		<category><![CDATA[V14N7 (Apr 2011)]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Century International Arms]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Todd Burgreen]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[Sometimes a firearm gem is found by accident. Such is the case with the Century International Arms Polish TTC semiautomatic pistol chambered in 7.62&#215;25. It is a &#8220;Made in Poland&#8221; Tokarev TT-33. The Poles used wz48 nomenclature for their Tokarev version. Many of the Russian/Soviet designs are coming to be better appreciated since the Cold [&#8230;]]]></description>
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<p class="has-white-background-color has-background"><em>Sometimes a firearm gem is found by accident. Such is the case with the Century International Arms Polish TTC semiautomatic pistol chambered in 7.62&#215;25. It is a &#8220;Made in Poland&#8221; Tokarev TT-33. The Poles used wz48 nomenclature for their Tokarev version. Many of the Russian/Soviet designs are coming to be better appreciated since the Cold War and may be a result of the easing of import restrictions allowing for easier access; thus more familiarity as the decades have passed since the late early 1990s.</em></p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="196" height="750" src="https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/001-139.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-17705"/><figcaption><em>Good photo showing basic U-notch rear and small, narrow bladed front sight found on the TTC. Sights were not a hindrance to accuracy once acclimatized and speed shooting was not required.</em></figcaption></figure></div>



<p>The Tokarev TT-33 was adopted in 1933 to replace the aging Nagant 1895 revolvers in Soviet service. An earlier variant, the TT-30, was originally adopted in 1930, but design changes were incorporated involving the trigger, barrel, omission of the removable backstrap, and frame to simplify production that led to the change of nomenclature to TT-33. For reference sake, the Tokarev blends exterior aesthetics of the 1903 Browning with internal workings of the Browning 1911. The pistol is a single-action, semiautomatic, recoil operated weapon patterned after Browning&#8217;s swinging link design, but modified in the Tokarev to simplify production. Essentially, the barrel and slide are locked together for a fraction of an inch during recoil allowing for the bullet to exit and pressures to drop before the empty case is extracted and ejected. The Tokarev is not a direct copy of Browning&#8217;s design and exhibits unique features of its own. The Tokarev&#8217;s trigger assembly is a modular unit and has locking lugs the full circumference of the barrel compared to only the top of the barrel in the 1911. Most semiautomatic reliability issues stem from defects in the magazine. This is addressed in the Tokarev design with cartridge feed lips machined into the receiver versus the magazine to enhance reliability and prevent damage that occurs when magazines are slammed home. The Polish TTC is fed from an eight-round single stack magazine and weighs 30 ounces with an overall length of 7.6 inches and a 4.6 inch barrel. The TTC&#8217;s width is less than that of the iconic 1911. Grip width is often commented on as being important for carryability and allowing for people with smaller hands to hold comfortably.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/002-132.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-17706" width="437" height="283"/><figcaption><em>Markings on the TTC features Century engraving and “Made in Poland” stenciling.</em></figcaption></figure></div>



<p>The Tokarev was the issue handgun for Soviet officers during World War II though many Nagant revolvers were still in use. The Tokarev fires the bottlenecked 7.62&#215;25 cartridge, which is very similar to the German .30 cal. Mauser Automatic 7.63&#215;25 design. The 7.62&#215;25 was also used with the PPSh-41 submachine gun and other weapons in the Soviet armed forces. Sources report that German troops frequently used Tokarevs picked up on the battlefield. The purported interchangeability between the Soviet and German rounds further encouraged this practice. This is cautioned against since the Soviet 7.62&#215;25 cartridge is loaded to higher pressures compared to the German round. The Tokarev&#8217;s proven ability to function under the harsh conditions of the Eastern Front was appreciated then by soldiers on both sides and now by collectors.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/003-129.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-17707" width="437" height="283"/><figcaption><em>The Polish TTC sat well in the hand. The hammer would irritate the web of the hand after numerous rounds were fired if a glove was not used. The TTC proved reliable and naturally pointed as well as any other handgun.</em></figcaption></figure></div>



<p>Ballistics are eye opening with 85-90gr bullets accelerated to 1,300+fps. The round had a reputation for potency compared to other contemporary pistol cartridges of its era and even now is capable of penetrating modern soft body armor due to its high velocity. The Tokarev&#8217;s reputation for reliability, accuracy, and lethality was proven in the greatest land conflict of the 20th Century. The Tokarev stayed in service with the Soviets until 1952 when it was officially replaced by the Makorav. The Tokarev could still be found in use with Soviet armed forces in the 1960s and Soviet Police into the 1970s. It is still in service with North Korea and China. Versions of the Tokarev were manufactured in Poland, China, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Romania, North Korea, and Egypt.</p>



<p>Two of the most common complaints of the original design were the lack of manual safety and grip angle. The Polish Tokarev version imported by Century has a manual thumb safety retrofitted on the frame behind the trigger to satisfy import regulations. The installed safety is a simple trigger block and is done in a fashion better than most safety add-on modifications that can be found on various other versions of Tokarev imports. Grip angle, while different than a 1911 or Glock, was not problematic during testing and evaluation. The only grip issue detected was the tendency for the hammer/slide to come into light contact with webbing around the thumb of the firing hand. This was only noticed after shooting several magazines and was remedied with a shooting glove. Importantly, the Polish Tokarev&#8217;s functionality was not compromised. The TTC was put thru the same regimen of testing as any other handguns evaluated. Century includes two magazines with the TTC and a leather holster with chest strap that also allows for spare magazine to be carried. Recoil/muzzle blast was as expected with any handgun sending rounds downrange at 1,350+fps.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/004-122.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-17708" width="437" height="283"/><figcaption><em>Century’s Polish TTC import surprised with accuracy potential with both the Wolf and surplus ammunition.</em></figcaption></figure></div>



<p>. Multiple range visits over several months taking advantage of inexpensive surplus ammunition and affordable Wolf Ammunition 85gr 7.62&#215;25 in both FMJ and JHP configurations produced no malfunctions with over 900 rounds fired. The Tokarev seemed to always find its way to the range no matter what was being tested with a few magazines fired with it. The inexpensive surplus ammunition supply is a major factor in the upsurge of popularity with the Polish TTC handguns. Solid reliability and surprising accuracy only reinforces this trend as word is spread about what is being received for well under $300.</p>



<p>The Polish TTC handled numerous runs through handgun courses designed for competitors using more modern pistols without an issue. Holsters designed to handle a 1911 served to carry the TTC during range visits. This worked as long as holsters were not custom or form fitted for the 1911 profile. The TTC&#8217;s magazines were not drop free, but once this was determined reloads went smoothly. The basic U-notch rear and small, narrow bladed front sight gave a decent sight picture as plate racks, steel poppers, and paper silhouette targets were engaged. The narrow front blade proved an asset in longer range shooting as daylight was still present on either side of the front sight in the rear notch allowing for a way to gauge hold better than the three-dot configurations commonly found on more modern handguns. Accuracy was impressive both in terms of group size and effective engagement distances. A steady two-handed hold combined with slow fire produced constant hits on steel popper targets at 50 yards. This is a combination of flat shooting ballistics and solid design and construction.</p>



<p>Take-down of the wz48/TTC is very similar to anyone familiar with a bushing barreled 1911 barrel design. Cleaning was a simple matter with no idiosyncrasies. The Century Arms TTC proved a pleasant surprise along with the potency of the 7.62&#215;25 cartridge. Everyone with an interest in owning an operating piece of history is encouraged to try a Century Arms TTC offering for themselves.</p>



<div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="aligncenter size-large is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://smallarmsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/005-100.jpg" alt="" class="wp-image-17709" width="437" height="283"/><figcaption><em>The Tokarev’s trigger assembly is a modular unit and has locking lugs the full circumference of the barrel compared to only the top of the barrel in the 1911. This a couple of features that set it apart when compared to the 1911 design.</em></figcaption></figure></div>



<p><strong>Sites of Interest</strong></p>



<p><strong>Century International Arms</strong><br>430 South Congress Ave. Suite 1<br>Delray Beach, FL 33445<br>(800) 527-1252<br><a href="https://www.centuryarms.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.centuryarms.com</a></p>



<p><strong>Wolf Ammunition</strong><br>PO Box 757<br>Placentia, CA 92871<br>(888) 757-9653<br><a href="http://wolfammo.com/default.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.wolfammo.com</a></p>



<figure class="wp-block-table aligncenter is-style-stripes"><table><tbody><tr><td class="has-text-align-center" data-align="center"><em>This article first appeared in Small Arms Review V14N7 (April 2011)</em></td></tr></tbody></table></figure>
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