When comparing the DPMS Gen 2 to a standard 7.62mm caliber AR-10-type rifle, it is clear to see the reductions in size. Observe the receiver from the rear takedown pin to the rear of the receiver of the AR-10-type (top) to the DPMS Gen 2 (bottom). Both rifles have the same length barrel and flash suppressor.

By Christopher R. Bartocci

The name DPMS (Defense Procurement Manufacturing Service) is an icon in the industry for both AR-15 and AR-10-type rifles and accessories. Opening their doors in 1986, the company, founded by Randy Luth, entered the industry at a pivotal point in the history of the Black Rifle. At that time, Colt pretty much had a monopoly on the AR market. Bushmaster had begun manufacturing components and some rifles, and Sendra, PWA (early LMT venture) were most common in those early days. Then in January 1989 Patrick Purdy shot up a school yard with a Chinese AK in Stockton, California. The first “Assault Weapon” ban hit and the industry had its first major surge in production demand for the so-called assault rifles. In 1994, President Clinton enacted the first national Assault Weapons Ban. In 1993 to 1994, DPMS ramped up production and began selling complete rifles. With the enactment of the law, they went into production of compliant rifles for commercial sale. In these intervening years DPMS had great expansion. Not only in the complete rifle and component markets in the commercial market but they began numerous contracts for the U.S. government for M16-type and M1911 components. This gave the company experience in what exactly Mil-Spec production and quality was and they brought much of that into their regular production. In 1994, the Federal Assault Weapon ban sunset and the industry was permitted to go back to normal production. From 2004 to current there have been numerous assault weapon ban scares both on the federal and state level. The firearms industry has seen its highest surge of sales in the history of the so-called assault weapon demand and sales. From 2004 to 2007, DPMS doubled their revenue increasing their staff from 30 to 65 people. The Minneapolis-St. Paul Business Journal claimed DPMS was in the “50 fastest growing privately held companies.” On December 14, 2007, DPMS was purchased by Freedom Group, which is a consortium of firearms manufacturers and part of Cerberus Capital Management, which is a New York private equity investment firm.

In 2000, DPMS introduced their 7.62x51mm/.308 Winchester caliber rifle to market, the Gen 1 LR-308 family of weapons. This included the standard LR-308, AP4 Carbine, LR-308B and LR-308T. This actually became the second of two standards of receiver configurations for the industry as well. The first is the KAC SR-25/Armalite AR-10 receiver, which is more of a squared off rear of the upper and lower receiver. The KAC SR-25 receiver configuration has been adopted by numerous companies including LWRCI, Lewis Machine and Tool, Mega Arms MATEN, La Rue Tactical Rifle, Legion Firearms, Cross Machine & Tool, Sturm Ruger and Heckler & Koch. DPMS uses a rounded rear receiver and lower and that configuration of receivers has been adopted by Aero Precision, Smith & Wesson M&P, Rock River, Colt and SIG to name a few.

The LR-308 is a basic target rifle. The rifle uses SR-25 or AR-10 magazines and has a 24 inch 1 turn in 10 bull barrel and free floating handguard. The upper receiver is also a little unique in that the rails sit up higher than any of the other AR-10-type rifles. This has been adopted in the Aero Precision M5 upper receiver as well. The upper receiver is manufactured from an extrusion of 7075 T6 aircraft grade aluminum. The front sight base also has Mil-Std 1913 rail for the attachment of a removable front sight. The lower receiver is manufactured from a billet of 7075 T6 aircraft grade aluminum. The stock is the standard M16A2-type fixed stock. There is no muzzle device, forward assist nor ejection port cover. The weight of the LR-308 is 11.25 pounds and the MSRP is $1,199.

The AP4 is more of a 7.62x51mm /.308 Win. copy of the M4. The upper receiver is manufactured from the same 7075 T6 aircraft grade aluminum extrusion (DPMS A3 configuration). The front sight base is a standard drilled and pinned-on front sight tower that is identical to that of the M4 and M16A4 rifle. The upper has a forward assist built into the fired cartridge case deflector and an ejection port cover. The barrel is 16 inches and manufactured from 4140 chromemoly steel and has a 1 turn in 10 inch right hand twist. The muzzle has a DPMS Panther designed flash suppressor. The lower receiver is manufactured from billet of 7075 T6 aluminum. The sliding stock is on a commercial receiver extension. The overall weight is 8.5 pounds. The rifle comes with a detachable carrying handle with an A2 fully adjustable rear sight. The MSRP of the AP4 is $1,269.

The LR-308B is an 18 inch barreled version of the LR-308. It is designed to be shorter and more compact for hunting and target shooting. All of the specifications are the same as the LR-308B with the only change is the shorter 18 inch barrel. The weight is 9.75 pounds (two pounds lighter than the LR-308) with an MSRP of $1,189.

The LR-308T is the Tactical version of the rifle. The main difference between the T and the B is that the T has a 16 inch heavy barrel. The rifle weighs the same 9.75 pounds but with the shorter heavy barrel. The MSRP is $1,189.

Due to the chambering of the .308 Win., DPMS was also able to offer these rifles in different calibers to increase the versatility of the weapons platform. This included rifles chambered in .243 Winchester, .260 Remington and .338 Federal. The upper receiver can be switched up from a simple slabslide to decrease weight or have one with a forward assist, ejection port dust cover and cartridge case deflector. Additionally, DPMS offers many different options in handguards ranging from standard polymer to free floated quad rails.

DPMS engineers set out in late 2010 to come up with ways they could improve upon the standard design. They understood that if the LR-308 was to fail it would be during extraction, ejection and feeding. The set goals were to improve upon these issues with design development beginning in early 2011. The new rifle was unveiled at SHOT Show 2014 in Las Vegas with the Gen II rifle.

This is not lipstick and rouge on their LR-308 family of weapons; but a completely new system with very few common parts between the Gen I and the Gen II – mostly just from the trigger group and stock assembly. The Gen II is in fact a far departure from anyone in the industry. Basically, all the updates seen over these past years to the AR-10 platform have been with new rails, stocks, trigger and bolt enhancements. But all are built on the same basic upper and lower receiver. Most of the bolt and bolt carriers are completely interchangeable as well throughout the industry. The Gen II uses completely different upper, lower, bolt, bolt carrier, barrel extension, barrel nut and charging handle.

Beginning with the lower receiver, it is fundamentally a standard 5.56mm receiver from the magazine-well back. For all intents and purposes a 5.56mm lower with a wider and longer magazine well to accommodate the larger 7.62x51mm magazine. The lower receiver is manufactured from a 7075 T6 aircraft grade forging. There is no extra material and the receiver is as slim lined as possible. The magazine release does have a protective BOSS around it to prevent unintentional release of the magazine. There is just enough material to accommodate the spring and detent for the front pivot pin. The trigger guard is integral with the forging and built quite strong. It is oversized and will accept a gloved trigger finger. The pistol grip chosen for the rifle is the very comfortable Magpul MOE pistol grip. The receiver is marked S and F on the right side to let the left handed shooter know the condition of his/her weapon. The selector is stock. The bolt catch is the standard DPMS .308 Win. bolt catch that is severely beefed up to halt the heavy .308 Win./7.62mm bolt carrier group. The trigger assembly is a two stage match grade trigger. For the most part the lower receiver will accept ambidextrous selector levers and magazine button enhancements offered in the industry. The trigger group is standard so any of the match grade or other type trigger systems can be installed. The receiver extension is a standard commercial diameter commercial receiver extension tube, which has six positions of locking for the Magpul MOE stock. This stock is extremely comfortable and the locking latch is easier to manipulate than most stocks on the market. The stock does have a removable rubber butt pad. The buffer is a shorter buffer that allows the use of the shorter stock that does keep some compatibility with the 5.56mm rifle. The hammer/trigger pins have been improved as well with DPMS choosing a much stronger material to manufacture them from. The cosmetic look of the lower receiver is excellent without a single blemish.

The bolt carrier and upper receiver is where the real changes are noted and the heart of the G II. The upper receiver is manufactured from a 7075 T6 aircraft grade aluminum forging. The first thing noticed is that the upper receiver is much shorter than the standard AR-10-type upper receiver. Also noticed was the rails are on the same center plane as the 5.56mm rifle than that of the standard .308 Win./7.62x51mm rifle. The ejection port is also larger than standard as well in both width and length. This was designed to improve affects of ejection of the fired cartridge case. The fired cartridge case deflector has also been altered/improved. There is a guide/shape of a .308 Winchester/7.62x51mm cartridge case. There is a forward bolt assist on the rear of the right side of the upper receiver as well.

Due to the shorter upper receiver, a special charging handle had to be designed for the Gen II rifle. It has the same latch assembly but the charging handle is proprietary. The charging handle will accept any of the tactical latches offered in the industry.

The barrel extension is of great interest. The feed ramps are not on the barrel extension but on a steel plate that is pinned into the upper receiver. Why would DPMS do this? DPMS engineers found that a significant amount of failures to feed with hunting ammunition (soft point, flat nose) is a result of the way the projectile nose strikes the feed ramps of the barrel extension. This also made it possible to use the smaller barrel extension required to allow attachment to the smaller upper receiver. The cartridge maintains contact with steel at all time. As a result of this change the Gen II experience an increase in reliability with a much wider range of commercial hunting ammunition due to the steel feed ramp insert.

The barrel provided on the Gen II Recon is a 16 inch stainless steel bead blasted barrel with a 1 turn in 10 inch twist. Attached to the barrel is a DPMS hunter gas block that is held on by two set screws. The rifle uses a mid-length gas system. There are several different models of the Gen II available in 6 different configurations. This ranges from light barrels and fluted barrels with various lengths. Attached to the Recon muzzle is an Advanced Armament 51T Blackout Silencer Adapter. The barrel nut is a very important upgrade as well. Due to the fact the gas tube location is the same as the M16/M4, most AR-15 type 2-piece rails will fit on the rifle. Many of the free floating rails will as well. The only need is a modified barrel nut that will accept the thread size of the Gen II receiver. Several companies are doing this now such as Samson and Midwest Industries. More companies are in the works of making the proper barrel nut for the Gen II rifle.

The Gen II models include the Gen II AP4. There are two different models, the standard and the MOE. Both have a 16 inch chrome lined lightweight barrel profile. The standard has standard round handguards and M4 type stock with an MSRP of $1,499. The Gen II AP4 MOE has a MOE pistol grip, handguard and stock with a MSRP of $1,599.

The Gen II Recon is the subject of this article, which was the test and evaluation rifle provided by DPMS. The Gen II SASS (Semi Automatic Sniper System) is provided with a Magpul PRS stock, Harris Bipod, Magpul Gen II MBUS polymer back up sights, 4 rail free float tubular handguard, Panther Tactical Grip and an 18 inch fluted stainless steel barrel and Panther flash hider. This is a 10.5 pound rifle. The MSRP is $2,379 for the Gen II SASS. The Gen II Hunter is designed for hunting and is light weight. The rifle is equipped with a 20 inch target crown lightweight stainless steel barrel with no muzzle device. It has a Magpul MOE fixed rifle stock and a Hogue pistol grip. The handguard is a DPMS Carbon Fiber Free Float Tube. The rifle weighs 7.76 pounds with an MSRP of $1,699. The Gen II BULL is lighter and stronger but is as accurate as the original. The BULL weight 20% less than the original LR-308 at 10 pounds versus the original at 11.25 pounds. The rifle has a 24 inch stainless steel bull barrel and uses the standard length free float tube and has an A2 pistol grip and standard GI A2 buttstock. The MSRP of this rifle is $1,759. Much of the difference in the models revolves around barrel length and configuration.

The bolt and bolt carrier are other major reliability enhancements to the weapon system. The bolt carrier group does most of the work in function of the rifle and is responsible for extraction, ejection, being the piston/expansion chamber for the design. DPMS engineers felt there was room for improvement.

The bolt carrier is the same diameter as that of the 5.56mm rifle. It is also shorter than the standard AR-10-type bolt carrier. Looking at the bottom of the carrier and design, this rifle will be readily made into a selective fire rifle. The fire control group and the sear trip on the bolt carrier and will line up just fine with an automatic sear. The Gen II, as of this writing, is primarily just a commercial rifle. As time goes on the rifle very well may take its place in the ranks of law enforcement in this country and possibly in the foreign military market. If DPMS is requested to provide a selective fire rifle, they will be able to quite easily. The bolt carrier is monolithic as well. What that means is the carrier key is part of the bolt carrier. The actual key that interfaces with the gas tube is inserted in and pinned in place. What this does is eliminate gas leakage from the carrier/key. There are no carrier key screws to break or come loose which permits gas loss. This could certainly be a major design enhancement for any direct gas bolt carrier. There are two gas exhaust ports on the right side. The design of the bolt carrier made it possible to both decrease the length and width of the upper and lower receiver.

The bolt is also very unique and proprietary to this rifle. The overall diameter of the bolt on the lugs is smaller permitting the use of a smaller barrel extension and the decrease in the diameter of the rear of the bolt allowed for the use of the 5.56mm diameter bolt carrier. The geometry is quite different from that of the standard AR-10; you do not have the material removed in front of the gas rings. The bolt also has two ejectors. This is found on many of the .308 Winchester/7.62x51mm rifles in the industry including Lewis Machine and Tool, Heckler & Koch and Faxon Arms. In the case of Lewis Machine and Tool and H&K, it was necessary for use with short barreled rifles that had a higher cyclic rate. Sometimes the bolt velocity is so fast that a single ejector is not enough to reliably throw the fired cartridge case out of the ejection port. The second ejector ensures this extraction reliability. This is not really necessary in 16 inch and longer barrels though it is still a reliability enhancement on the longer barrels – insurance if you will. On the Gen II, the second ejector was added to spread the load out between the extractor and two ejectors making for easier extraction and ejection. Also, DPMS felt that if one extractor was to break, or the spring gets weak or seizes up, the second ejector would keep the gun functioning until it can get repaired. It also stabilizes the ejection pattern of the rifle, ejecting farther and landing in a nice pile. Great if you save your brass. Any way you would look at this, it is most certainly an improvement.

The extractor itself is quite noteworthy as well. As of this writing the extractor improvements are in the process of being patented with the U.S. Patent office. Endurance testing had shown DPMS that the extractor is under a lot of stress in a .308 Win. It was one of the parts that was much more prone to break than any other. Extractor wear has much to do with the gas system and dwell time as the shorter your gas system the faster the unlocking time. If the extraction process happens “too soon” the cartridge case is still obturated meaning it has not yet fully contracted and released from the walls of the chamber to result in easy extraction. If the residual pressure is still high, the extractor and extractor spring have to work that much harder to pull the cartridge case from the chamber. This often results in the claw on the extractor being sheared off completely or having some degree of structural failure. Many times, due to the short amount of space in the bolt for the extractor spring, you are limited as to how long and how strong the extractor spring can be. When the springs reach the end of their life, the springs get weak causing failure to extract and also the springs can break also causing failure to extract. Back around the 2003/2004 time period SOCOM experienced many issues with extraction with their M4 carbines. They found a very cheap and novel approach to fix the problem: the addition of a rubber o-ring to the extractor spring that increased the extraction force by a factor of 4. They even found the rifle worked just as reliably, if not more, without the spring in there at all using this rubber o-ring. The DPMS engineers obviously did their homework on these issues and some ways others corrected them and how they could do even better. They redesigned the extractor completely. To deal with the breakage of the extractor claw, they chose a new stronger material to manufacture the extractor made of a proprietary material and is significantly stronger than the standard extractor making its service life under stress that much better. They also made some geometric changes as well to improve where the pressure loads are on the ejector. The broken spring problem was solved by eliminating the spring all together. Taking the concept of the rubber o-ring, DPMS designed what they call the elastomer extractor spring. It is an all rubber insert replacing the extractor spring and buffer. This design has been proven with more than 30,000 rounds of testing as well as qualified in extreme hot and cold temperatures. The specific material they use is also proprietary but this is a viable and much better solution than trying to improve a spring that you are limited as to what you can do from the size of the spring compartment.

The test and evaluation rifle sent was brand new and examination of the fit and finish was phenomenal. No play in the receiver and not a single cosmetic blemish. The rifle was provided with Magpul polymer folding front and rear sights and DPMS steel 20-round magazine. The author added three Manta rail covers to the handguard to make the handguard easy to hold – not because of heat but because the rails themselves. The Manta rail covers are the finest available in protecting the shooter’s hand from not only heat but cold as well.

The rifle was tested for compatibility with several magazines. These included the DPMS steel magazine it came with, Knight’s Armament SR-25 steel magazine, the Ammunition Storage Components 20-round magazine, the Magpul PMag 20 LR polymer 20-round magazine and the newly released Magpul PMag 25 LR 25-round magazine. Too, just when the rifle was taken out the final time, the brand new Lancer L7 translucent 20-round magazines arrived so that was added to the mix as well. There were more than 500 rounds fired though the test and evaluation with all of these magazines. There were no malfunctions of any sort – the rifle fired all of them reliably. The ammunition included 400 rounds of Winchester USA 7.62x51mm NATO 147gr full metal jacket. The other hundred was a combination of Black Hills Ammunition 7.62x51mm 175gr OTM (M118LR), Hornady TAP .308 Winchester 165gr Interbond TAP Barrier and Remington 168gr OTM. The optic chosen for the rifle was the Leupold Mark 4 LR/T 3.5-10x40mm, M3 Ill Reticle, TMR Scope with A.R.M.S., Inc. throw lever mounts and rings. The Black Hills Ammunition and the Hornady TAP ammunition shot very close but the Black Hills ammunition shot the best group of the day with a 1.22 inches. The SWAT sniper who shot this 100 yard group felt the rifle could shoot better with a better optic and he could have done better if he had a scope with a finer crosshair.

The overall impression of the DPMS Gen II is it’s a real winner. This is truly an out of the box thinking design that departs from the rest of the industry. It is shorter, lighter and thinner than any other rifle out there in its class. Everyone who shot it had one comment in common; there was a sharper recoil due to it being lighter than the other .308 Win. rifle we had out there that day. That is the same if you compare a early 1960s AI AR-10 to a current Armalite AR-10A2. You would see the heavier recoil of the AI – just a sacrifice you make for the lighter rifle. There were only two further improvements this author would like to see in the Gen II. First is that the gas block be drilled and pinned into place. Second is an ambidextrous magazine and bolt catch. It would not be surprising to maybe see this in future evolutions of the Gen II rifle. There are clearly many situations this rifle would shine in both commercial and law enforcement markets. The light weight and more compact aspect of the rifle would greatly be appreciated by hunters as well as competition shooters. Law enforcement would like it for the same reasons. The Recon rifle sent as a test and evaluation unit definitely has the promise to shoot well enough for a sniper or containment rifle.

New Panther Sportical 7.62 Rifle from DPMS

DPMS Firearms, LLC takes the affordable 5.56x45mm Panther Sportical to the big-bore market with the introduction of the 7.62 NATO Panther Sportical. This introductory level, large-bore rifle is capable of transitioning between the forest and the rifle range with ease thereby bridging the gap between the sporting and tactical markets. Chambered in 7.62 NATO, this lightweight rifle features a 16-inch chrome-moly steel heavy barrel, a slick-side upper receiver and carbine length GlacierGuards. The aluminum upper and lower receivers feature a uniform, Mil-Spec hard-coat anodizing. A semiautomatic trigger group, integral trigger guard, A2 Pistol Grip and the Pardus 6-position, telescoping carbine stock complete the introductory rifle. Two 20-round steel magazines, a cleaning kit and hard case for storage come standard with each rifle. The rifle weighs just 8.3 pounds when empty. Optic is not included with the rifle. Available now, the 7.62 NATO Panther Sportical retails for $989. DPMS Firearms, LLC is an industry leader in providing quality AR-style rifles, components and accessories. No other company offers more styles or configurations of AR rifles. DPMS also provides choices for high-power and small-bore shooters by offering several rifles chambered in .204 Ruger, .223 Remington, 5.56×45 NATO, .243 Winchester, .260 Remington, 6.5 Creedmoor, 6.8×43 SPC, 7.62×39, .308 Winchester, .300 Remington SAUM and .338 Federal. For more information on this new rifle please contact them at DPMS Firearms, LLC, Dept. SAR, 3312 12th Street SE, Saint Cloud, MN 56304. Phone: (320) 258-4448. Fax: (320) 258-4449. They can be found on the web at www.dpmsinc.com.

A New Version of the Famous Sterling Submachine Gun

CPS Company announces, A Gun from Dagenham, American Redux 1958-2008. It is their new line of limited edition Sterling L2A3 submachine guns available beginning this fall. These fully transferable NFA submachine guns are the result of eight years of research and materials acquisition to authentically document and reproduce the original British military version of the well-known Mk4 submachine gun. Between 1956 and 1959, Sterling Armament Company, Dagenham, Essex, England produced approximately 26,000 L2A3 submachine guns for the British Ministry of Defence, before the MoD decided to finish production requirements themselves. As a result of a court settlement, Sterling went on to make the Mk4 version and sell it commercially around the world; while the L2A3 remained exclusively with the British military, never available for sale or permanent export anywhere. Total Government and Sterling L2A3 production reached 190,000. Only a handful remain today in overseas museums as the rest were declared obsolete and destroyed in 1994. These historical recreations are marked GUN, SUB MACHINE, 9mm L2A3 and serial numbered as Sterling production pieces. Each one has additional Government modifications of a reinforced butt stock, checkered magazine release button and finished in smooth black paint, applied over a phosphate treatment. Additionally, four new-in-wrap magazines, original No.5 bayonet and scabbard (both MoD refurbished), sling, military handbook, F1 magazine pouch and a serial numbered Certificate of Authenticity are fitted together inside a custom birch display case. For more information contact CPS Company, Dept. SAR, P.O. Box 261, Monticello, WI 53570-0261. Phone: (608) 274-7946. Fax: (608) 276-7477.

StormWerkz Introduces New Krinkov Scope Mount

StormWerkz has just added two new scope mounts to their line of firearm upgrades for the Bulgarian/Russian and Yugoslavian Krinkov AKs utilizing the military standard Picatinny rail. Both Weaver and Picatinny rings and adapters fit this mount. Previously, the only way to mount an optic on a “Krink” was the use of a side mount, which can be expensive, or by using a rail fastened over the gas tube that can expose the optic to extreme heat. StormWerkz has taken care of the problem and its new mounts fasten to the gun’s top cover right in front of the rear sight. It fastens with 4 socket head cap screws through the top cover for a rock solid attachment. They have designed it to make as much rail as possible in the space available on the top covers. These affordable Krink scope mounts are ideal for many of the new compact optics on the market today. The mount body is completely CNC machined from aerospace aluminum and anodized matte black. Each mount comes with screws, wrench, drill bit and a drilling template. For more information contact StormWerkz, Dept. SAR, 408 15th Ave East, Superior, WI 54880. Phone: (218) 349-6175. Website: www.stormwerkz.com.

Every war is different. Every battleground has diverse characteristics. Each mission, whether a military role or civilian law enforcement detail varies greatly in its specific purposes. It seems almost impossible on the surface that a single weapon system could adapt and function in such a range of climates and missions, but the familiar M16 is still going strong. From a lightweight carbine to a heavy barreled LMG, the M16 weapon system has been fulfilling the role of America’s primary service weapon for more than 40 years and it doesn’t seem it will be replaced wholesale anytime soon.

The earliest history of the inception and design of the black rifle bas been chronicled numerous times and it is not the intent of this author to rehash this historical material other than a very brief and condensed historical summary. There are many credible sources for this information including The Complete AR-15/M16 Sourcebook by Duncan Long, The Black Rifle I by Blake Stevens, Black Rifle II by Christopher R. Bartocci and an extensive Colt M16 ID Guide in the Machine Gun Dealers Bible by Dan Shea. This article will focus on the versatility of the M16, the characteristics that have allowed the metamorphosis from the original designs to the current battle rifle of the 21st century and possibly beyond.

Although there are a countless number of model designations for these rifles from numerous manufacturers, for simplicity purposes in this article, the designation “M16” can be assumed to be a fully automatic rifle while the designation “AR-15” makes reference to the semiautomatic version.

A Very Brief History

While its initial roots are clearly in the Stoner designs of the early 1950s, like most designs, the multiple lug bolt head, lockup into a barrel extension, and gas system principle can be traced back farther. It was at ArmaLite where this all came together. The first heavy public exposure to the black rifle started in the wet and humid environment of the tropics with the earliest variations sent to US troops in Viet Nam. There were many positive responses at first, but after the ammunition/propellant change, the black rifles were plagued with an extremely lackluster initial impression and poor performance in the field. Problems were eventually minimized after several rounds of intense testing combined with numerous committee change recommendations. Many alterations in production were initiated including chamber dimensions, rifling twist ratios, firing-pin changes, redesigning the flash hider and charging handle, and (against the advice of many people) the addition of a forward assist assembly. Along with ammo and gunpowder refinement, proper maintenance, and problems addressed with early magazines, the early version of black rifle as we know it today was on its way to becoming the cornerstone of the modern American military arsenal.

As early as 1963, Colt started manufacturing this “new” rifle in semiautomatic only with the civilian population and the law enforcement community in mind. Sold as the AR-15 Sporter it was virtually identical to the M16 with the exception of the fire control group. With an early retail price of $189.50 it was marketed to the hunting and sporting community as a beacon of a new wave of manufacturing technology allowing it to be lightweight while remaining accurate and effective. Although several minor changes have been made to separate the function of the semiautomatic version of these rifles from their fully automatic relatives over the years, and to keep them from being easily converted to fully automatic, they remain wildly popular and an enormous civilian market thrives today. Numerous upgrades and model enhancements of the civilian line of semiautomatic variants have followed very closely to those designed for the fully automatic models keeping them on a fairly level playing field.

With the 1977 expiration of Gene Stoner’s patent on the M16 gas system, several companies sprang up and started manufacturing their own versions of this popular rifle. The trademark model name of “AR-15” was, and still is, owned by Colt, and they are still one of many businesses that manufacture this weapon system and its many configurations.

Modularity is King

At the heart of the black rifle is the versatile lower receiver. This portion of the firearm is the section considered by federal law to be “the firearm” by definition. The lower receiver is the portion of the firearm that contains the trigger group and the pistol grip as well as the magazine well. Also attached to the lower receiver is the buffer tube and stock. This is the part that requires purchase through a licensed federal firearms licensee (if ordered from an out-of-state dealer) and the paperwork that goes along with any other firearm purchase, depending upon the laws of the State of the buyer. Every other part of this firearm may be ordered directly by the end user and requires no federal licensing or paperwork. All other parts, including the upper receivers and the barrels are treated just like any other non-regulated parts.

The upper receiver plays an equally important role in the mechanism. The upper receiver is the point of attachment for the barrel and the housing for the bolt, bolt carrier and charging handle. It is attached to the lower receiver by two takedown pins that are operable without the aid of any tools. The upper and lower receivers may be separated and rejoined at any time without fear of losing any components under normal handling. This may be attractive for size considerations when breaking down for transportation or when changing the characteristics of the rifle for a specific task.

Several rifle configurations may be assembled on a single lower receiver simply by swapping out barreled upper receivers. Specific tasks may require features unique to that task but may not be desirable to others. This is where the real beauty of the black rifle comes in. Unlike most other firearms, the characteristics of the black rifle can be altered at any time, and reversed back again, just by changing upper receivers. It is indeed more than a weapon; it is truly a “weapon system” as it is often properly referred as.

For obvious reasons, an entry-type rifle may consist of a very short barrel and either iron sights or a zero-magnification dot-type sight. A varmint hunting rifle may be much more effective with a long barrel and high power telescopic sight. With a black rifle, both of these configurations are only a quick upper receiver swap away with no lack of performance in either field.

There are barrels ranging from the 7-inch* “Kitty Kat” barrel from DPMS (www.dpmsinc.com) to a 24-inch Varminter Extra Heavy Barrel from Bushmaster Firearms (www.bushmaster.com) and a multitude of lengths in between. (* Under Federal Law a rifle barrel has to be over 16 inches in length to be a legal Title I firearm. By purchasing or registering the rifle as a Short Barreled Rifle, the owner can use any barrel length at will. With registered machine guns, the barrel length is not a legal stipulation under Federal Law and any length barrel may be used). There are not many rifles that allow the flexibility of swapping out barrel lengths without the necessity of tools in less than 30 seconds like this system. Additionally, another major advantage is the sights are part of the upper receiver as well, so there is no need to re-zero after making this swap. If multiple barreled upper receivers are owned, they can all be sighted-in and swapped as desired with a complete return to zero with careful handling and the correct ammunition.

From Plinking to Protecting

If there is any one thing that can always be counted on in the firearms community, it is American Ingenuity and the desire to make something bigger and better. (Sometimes smaller and better, in this case.) Fortunately, this has proven to work well in transforming the once light .223 Rem. (5.56x45mm) rifle into something left only to one’s imagination and budget. With the ease of changing upper receivers, the transformation from the original caliber to a completely new round is almost as simple. Since the upper receiver holds the barrel, bolt and bolt carrier, this is the portion of the rifle where the caliber of the ammunition to be utilized is determined. Thanks to many able minded firearm enthusiasts, these rifles can be converted to almost any caliber ranging from .17 to .50 BMG with minimal (if any) temporary modifications to the lower receiver. From the luxury of plinking for recreation on a budget or additional training, to having the stopping power to assist our front line fighters in the War on Terror, the black rifle can be custom configured to suit every application.

One of the most popular subcaliber units among black rifle shooters is the “Atchisson” .22LR conversion manufactured by Jonathan Arthur Ciener, Inc. (www.22lrconversions.com). When utilized with the recommended ammunition, properly maintained and operated, they provide hours of plinking fun in semiautomatic AR-15s or full automatic fun when used in conjunction with a registered M16. On the opposite end of the ammunition spectrum is the .50BMG Upper Receiver from Watson’s Weapons Inc. (www.watsonsweapons.com). This upper receiver actually allows the use of the massive .50 BMG round when attached to your lower receiver. It functions as a single-shot rifle that must be partially taken down to be reloaded between shots.

One of the most popular pistol caliber conversions would include the 9x19mm (Luger) conversion. First introduced in 1985, Colt offered a 9mm blowback-operated submachine gun that worked quite well. Most of the characteristics were the same as the standard rifle, making operation simple for anyone who had utilized or trained on the 5.56x45mm rifle. A special magazine (both 20-round and 32-round) was developed for the much shorter 9x19mm round and a block was pinned inside the standard lower receiver’s magazine well to accommodate the smaller magazine while utilizing the same magazine release. A civilian version was soon to follow in semiautomatic only with a 16-inch barrel. Other than the upper receiver and bolt differences, only the buffer was changed to a heavier one, and a few of the trigger group parts were slightly modified. In the 1990s, the US Drug Enforcement Agency adopted a silenced version of this rifle. The Department of Energy also adopted a very short variation known as the Model 633, commonly called a “DoE Upper.” The 633 had a 7-inch barrel, collapsible stock and a front handguard to keep the operators hands from straying in front of the muzzle.

Several other companies started manufacturing these pistol caliber conversions with numerous types of feeding systems. While a few emulated the Colt style mag-well block and use the factory Colt 9mm magazines, others used highly modified magazines reworked to fit the interior portion of the factory magazine well. Although many of the modified magazines work very well, they are often expensive and the availability is less than desirable in most cases. Even though there are several manufacturers of aftermarket (any non-Colt) black rifles including several Caliber conversions, the pistol caliber most often encountered remains the 9x19mm.

Many different calibers in black rifle variations have been written about here in the pages of Small Arms Review over the last 10 years. While there are new caliber combinations coming out at an amazing rate, some of the latest ones we are familiar with include the Alexander Arms .50 Beowulf and 6.5 Grendel, (www.alexanderarms.com), .502 Thunder Sabre by Cloud Mountain Armory (www.bigborecanyon.net) and lastly the .45 Bushmaster (www.bushmaster.com). We will be testing the .45 Bushmaster for a future issue of Small Arms Review very soon. Some of the more common calibers include, but are not limited to: .308 NATO*, 7.62x39mm and 6.8SPC and can be found from multiple vendors. (*.308 NATO (7.62×51) requires a different lower receiver due to the longer interior dimension of the magazine well necessary to accommodate that particular round).

Feed Me, Seymour!

Like the hungry man-eating plant named Seymour in the 1960s cult classic film Little Shop of Horrors, a black rifle is always hungry and never seems to be fed enough. Firearms, especially those in a military role, are no exception. The earliest magazine design of the AR-15 was a 25-round magazine, which had problems due to being straight, and was immediately replaced with a 20-round magazine. The first ones were steel “waffle” pattern magazines, which were also immediately replaced with the standard aluminum 20-round magazine that eventually evolved into the 20-rounder so common today. In the mid 1960s, a 30-round magazine was manufactured with a slight curve and it seemed to work great in all new rifles but had a hard time feeding in some, including the earlier ones. This was corrected in part by keeping the top portion of the magazine straight like the 20-round version and starting the curvature at the bottom of the magazine well. These magazines still had a reputation for jamming if they were loaded to 30 rounds, and the SOP was load to 28 rounds. This was corrected later by stabilizing the follower with equal leg lengths.

In order to address this “need for feed,” Colt experimented with a belt-feed mechanism that operated with a modified upper and lower. With a 20-inch barrel this unit weighed in at almost 8 1/2 pounds without the bipod or ammo box. The belt fed M16 never made it to production.

Fast forward to the early 1980s and bring Jonathan Arthur Ciener back into the picture. A manufacturer primarily specializing in sound suppressors at the time, Jonathan took it upon himself to redesign and reintroduce the concept of a belt-fed AR-15 and M16 and made them available to the general public. When they were evaluated for the now defunct Machine Gun News in 1992, this writer had the pleasure of working on the article and spending some trigger time with these guns. We were provided with both a semiautomatic model and a fully automatic model. They were built on factory Colt AR-15 and M16 rifles, and like Colts early design the upper and lower receivers were both modified. The Ciener system had a few very interesting points. First, the belt-feed mechanism could be removed from the weapon and it would again accept factory magazines. Second, Ciener produced some of the belt boxes which locked into the magazine well, as in the original design.

We tested them under several conditions with many types of ammunition in semiautomatic and full automatic. We tested it in belt-feed and magazine feed. We tested it with and without the addition of a sound suppressor. In summary it performed excellently. The only drawback was that in the case of a jam it was a “4-handed” operation to clear it and have it up and running quickly, but with a little practice it could be done quite efficiently. It also used a proprietary, modified link that was quite expensive at the time compared to standard unmodified links. These were sold for a few years but were eventually discontinued due to the enormous amount of time necessary to manufacture them.

There are a few current belt-feed systems for the black rifle but nothing yet has reached a mass marketing level. In the March 2003 issue of Small Arms Review (Vol. 6, No. 6), the Shrike 5.56 from Ares Defense (www.aresdefense.com) was covered in great detail as it was due to be released en masse around the time of publication. To this date, it is still being manufactured, released and shipped in very small quantities due to several redesign upgrades and improvements. The great attraction to the Shrike 5.56 is the fact that it works in conjunction with a completely unmodified lower receiver. All attempts at a belt-fed black rifle in the past have required major lower receiver modifications. Like the Ciener, model it can be fired from belt or box magazine but in the case of the Shrike 5.56, when the belt is out, a box magazine is simply inserted, the rifle charged and firing is uninterrupted. There are no parts to take out or change over. We are anxiously awaiting mass shipments of the Shrike 5.56 and will certainly test the newest production model as soon as they are shipped.

Another interesting belt feed option for the black rifle is the XMG from BRP Guns (www.brpguns.com). The XMG34 is essentially an MG34 “upper receiver” designed for use on an M16 lower receiver. Currently in its 5th year of production this inexpensive alternative to an original MG34 has been receiving great reviews for years. Available in 8mm and in .308, they are popping up at ranges nationwide and are becoming more popular with every passing year. They will function in fully automatic when used in conjunction with a registered lower receiver and require only a small (nonpermanent) modification to function.

Seeing a need for a belt-fed black rifle that is inexpensive to feed, the master of the miniatures, Lakeside Machine of Tippmann Arms fame decided to design a .22LR belt fed upper receiver with a similar mechanism to the popular Tippmann 1/2 scale miniature machine guns. (www.lakesideguns.com). This upper receiver, available for both semiautomatic and fully automatic function, was tested in the April 2006 (Vol. 9, No. 7) issue of Small Arms Review. The only modifications required to the lower receiver in this assembly are the exchange of the factory buffer and the suggested replacement of the hammer spring.

Understanding the demand for more ammo capacity than the 30-round magazines were able to provide, the Beta Company, of Atlanta, Georgia (www.betaco.com) worked with Jim Sullivan of the old ArmaLite and the M16 design fame, the original inventor of the 100-round C-Mag. Sullivan worked as a consultant with Beta Company in the early developmental stages of the new Beta C-Mag and with the introduction and advances in plastic materials and its ability to keep tight tolerances the C-MAG as we know it today has developed into an extremely reliable system, all while keeping weight to a minimum.

Mounting Madness

We live in a market driven economy and combined with the simple truth that necessity is the mother of invention, some “solutions” have been presented to us for “problems” we may never have known existed otherwise. In the last several years there have been an enormous number of accessories manufactured for mounting on MIL-STD-1913 rails. Along with these accessories came a mad rush for mounting platforms, and the standard factory handguards on the AR-15 and M16 are quickly being antiquated and replaced with new and improved rail systems. There are several to choose from including the Knight Rail Interface System (RIS) and Rail Adapter System (RAS) (www.knightarmco.com), VLTOR VIS System (www.vltor.com), POF-USA Predator Rail System (www.pof-usa.com), LMT Monolithic Rail Platform (www.lewismachine.net) and many more. All of the aforementioned have been of excellent quality.

For those not needing the precision, or wishing to spend the amount of money those mentioned may cost, some simple handguard replacements have been introduced that incorporate rails into them and some rail adaptors have been manufactured that simply bolt on to the existing A2-type handguards. A few of those have been utilized for testing devices like vertical grips where a slight amount of movement was not detrimental to the system and they performed fine. Other applications like mounting optics or more “load bearing” accessories would probably not be recommended for the latter systems.

All the new configurations and types of intended deployments these systems are capable of bring the necessity of new support equipment. One area where a serious advancement has been made is in the sighting systems available. Electronic “dot type” sights are very popular for close-up work and there are many types and styles. A few extremely popular systems include the EOTech Holographic Sight (www.eotechinc.com), the Aimpoint CompM4 (www.aimpoint.com) and the Trijicon ACOG (www.trijicon.com). While each system has distinct advantages the author is very familiar with the EOTech model 552. It has several settings for use with a night vision monocular as well as the standard day settings. The Holographic Sight is placed in a forward position on the top rail and utilized as usual during normal daylight. During low light the monocular is mounted behind it so the operator can use it at night without having to re-zero the weapon.

Along with the popularity of low or zero magnification electronic sights, the demand for a well-made, high quality, Back Up Iron Sight (BUIS) has been high for use during a potential electronic failure. Several contenders on the market include the Troy Industries, Inc. Folding Battle Sight (www.troyind.com), the GG&G Flip-Up Sights (www.gggaz.com), and A.R.M.S. Inc., #40 Folding Sights (www.armsmounts.com). An interesting front sight is the POF-USA FTA2005 Front Sight. It is not a folding sight but a stationary sight that is hooded for an extremely fast target acquisition and has been found to be complementary to use in conjunction with “dot-type” sights or as a stand alone with the correct rear BUIS. Due to the great number of new sight requirements, many of the modern rifles are available with a removable carry handle. Once the familiar carry handle and rear sight is removed, a standard MIL-STD-1913 rail is exposed to be used alone or in conjunction with these new sights and rail systems.

Another interesting new front sight was recently introduced for the black rifle. It is made by KNS Precision (www.knsprecisioninc.com) and is actually a circular “peep” with a crosshair in it. Initial testing appears it is fast and accurate and we are anxious to spend more time with this new front sight as well as several more of their latest offerings.

As a Catch-22, these new mounting platforms that were spawned from new items in need of mounts have spun off their own items made to be mounted on this newly available space. There are several devices available for mounting on MIL-STD-1913 rails including visible lasers, IR lasers, and lights. optics, night vision, camera equipment and many more items. Some earlier available items that were designed to mount on standard handguards or directly on the barrel have even been redesigned to mount directly on a rail system due to the high proliferation on later models. A prime example is the new rail mount 40mm LMT M203 Grenade Launcher. This tried and true M16 accessory used to mount on the barrel of the standard black rifle and a special handguard replaced the factory A1 or A2 handguard issued with the rifle. With the new rail mounted version, no additional handguards are necessary and due to the nature of the mounting system there is no longer any stress on the barrel as it is allowed to free-float with many current rail systems.

AR Accessories

As mentioned previously, several companies exist today just to service this weapon system. A quick glance around the Internet or any large, stocking gun shop will uncover thousands of items geared toward users of the AR-15 and M16 weapon systems. A look at KNS Precision and their product line will unveil several components for the black rifle useful in simple preservation roles such as pins that are designed not to rotate and egg-hole the aluminum receivers at the thin section supporting the hammer and trigger pins. They carry a variety of sights for target, plinking, competition and tactical applications and even manufacture a set of Spade Grips so you can shoot the rifle in the same manor as a 1919A4 with butterfly grips or an M60D model. We tested these grips in the May 2007 (Vol. 10, No. 8) issue of Small Arms Review and we found them a blast to shoot, especially with a pintle mount and Beta C-MAG. They are well made and functioned flawlessly.

While you are in research mode, take a peek at some of the products in the Command Arms Accessories line (www.commandarms.com). Some of these accessories manufactured for the AR-15 and M16 weapon system look more like they came back from a fact finding mission from the 22nd Century than from Ivyland, Pennsylvania where they are located. With accessories and upgrades from buttstock to muzzle, the only part of the original weapon system that looks familiar is the distinct shape of the receiver section. Watch for a piece in an upcoming issue of Small Arms Review where we take a “Plain Jane” AR-15 and give it the complete CAA treatment while testing it every step of the way. We are looking for something that really enhances performance and not just cosmetics and we have been assured we will not be disappointed.

Back to the Future

There is one unique feature of the black rifle that is as controversial as all other designs combined. This would be the way the gas system of the firearm operates and whether changing it is considered an upgrade or downgrade by the user. The black rifle operates with a direct impingement gas system in the following manner. When the rifle is fired, the rotating bolt is in its locked position in the barrel extension. As the bullet passes a gas port located under the front sight, some gas is bled off into a gas port and directed through a gas tube to the rear. The hot gas pressurizes the gas tube and the rear end of the pressurized tube is the gas key located on top of the bolt carrier with the gas thus exerting rearward pressure on this movable part. This pressure starts the bolt carrier traveling rearward, unlocking the bolt via its cam pin in the cam path on the carrier, and initiating the extraction. The bolt carrier travels rearward, and the projectile exits the bore evacuating the pressurized gas from the gas tube, ending any rearward pressure from the gas system. That time under pressure is critical to reliability and is dictated by the amount of time the bullet is traveling in front of the gas port. As the bolt carrier passes into the buffer tube (concealed in the stock) the fired casing is ejected. Met with a forward amount of spring tension from the now compressed buffer spring, the bolt carrier is returned to the front, picking up a new round from the magazine, loading it in the chamber and rotating and locking the bolt to restart the sequence.

The problems with this particular system are multiple. It is dumping combustion byproduct – “dirt” – into the same place it feeds ammunition from. This leaves a lot of carbon buildup over time and can create function problems when not maintained regularly. The lower receiver and its trigger group are often heavily soiled from this gas system and it is compounded numerous times over when combined with the use of a sound suppressor. Due to the carbon, unburned powder and extra heat following the path of least resistance, the extra back pressure created with the use of a silencer leaves more debris than normal and blowback is often an unpleasant effect inflicted on the shooter. On top of the maintenance issue, which in the recreational shooting world should be a no-brainer, is an issue not often spoken about. As indicated before, the additional debris is carried back into the action of the gun and it is carried by very hot gas. It has been suggested by some people that the effect of these hot gasses under heavier than normal shooting conditions could cause metal temperament problems over time. A heavy influx of heating and cooling could create some structural problems with extremely heavy use.

There are several systems that now use a gas piston system in place of the direct impingement system and Small Arms Review has covered several of them in the past. In the last two years we have examined the HK416 System, the POF P-416 System and just recently, the Colt LE1020 Advanced Law Enforcement Carbine. Fairly recently, Ares Defense introduced their GSR-35 Black Lightning system, which is a drop-in piston kit that takes the place of the original gas tube and bolt carrier. Leitner-Wise Rifle Company (www.lwrifles.com) also specializes in a piston system however we have not had the opportunity to evaluate it yet. While the concept is certainly nothing new, (Colt experimented with a piston system in the 1960s, and there are many other examples pre-dating that) its time certainly seems to have come and it appears to be here to stay.

Other than a brief amount of time spent working with an early “Rhino System” in the early 1990s, of all the systems mentioned above, this writer only has an extensive amount of time on the POF P-416 system at this point. Other SAR contributors have extensive trigger time on the HK416, and will cover other systems in the future. On the POF system that I have tested, there are definite advantages that have been witnessed, primarily the number of rounds it is able to run with little or no maintenance with no malfunctions. The POF P-416 utilizes C.R.O.S. (Corrosion Resistant Operating System) where their major components are impregnated with silicon nickel creating an incredibly slick surface. After firing several thousand rounds, the surface easily wipes clean with only a dry cloth, and after almost 20,000 rounds in one particular test unit there is no visible wear on any of the coated parts.

During initial testing the system was fired in excess of 9,000 rounds with no maintenance or lubrication of any kind and when it was finally cleaned because we thought there was a single failure to feed, ending the endurance test, it was later found that it was a faulty magazine creating the feeding problem and not the gun itself. Another factor that assists the P-416 system in functioning so well under harsh treatment is the fact that there are no gas rings necessary since there is no actual gas pushed back into the bolt carrier. This seems to translate into a firearm that will operate in a harsher environment due to much lighter tolerances. Without the presence of gas rings creating a seal between the bolt and bolt carrier, everything moves much smoother and is less meticulous in its typically tight tolerances.

If there is an immediately noticeable advantage in this particular gas piston system it is durability. On top of the several thousand rounds fired with no maintenance except for the initial cleaning after the perceived stoppage, many of them have been in a succession so rapid that it would have been certain failure for a direct impingement system; melting the gas tube and ending the testing very early on. After years of testing black rifles, the author has a collection of failed gas tubes, many resembling spaghetti found lying on top of the barrel after reaching the point of failure. If there are any immediate disadvantages of this gas piston system over a direct impingement system, this author has not yet noticed them.

Now Left Can Be Right

A fantastic example of how the civilian market often takes its own direction and even has the potential to influence the military marketplace is a manufacturer from New Britain Connecticut named Stag Arms, LLC. (www.stagarms.com). Founded in May of 2003, Stag decided to cater to a percentage of the market who had been all but ignored for years. They completely redesigned the upper receiver, bolt and bolt carrier to eject from the left, specifically for left-handed shooters. Featured in the March 2006 (Vol. 9, No. 6) issue of Small Arms Review, southpaws will never again have to depend on a brass deflector keeping hot brass from hitting them or crossing their line of fire.

The Future

It is the versatility of the AR-15/M16 that has allowed it to adapt and thrive in so many differing environments and it is the modularity of the system that is a direct contributor to its survival and evolution. There are a few companies that are addressing this in ways that could never have been originally conceived 40 years ago and will lead the way into a long future for the black rifle.

MGI (www.mgimilitary.com) has been in the black rifle business for decades. Their upgrades have been chronicled in the pages of Small Arms Review several times including their Rate Reducing Buffer – May 2004 (Vol. 7, No. 8), The QCB Upper Receiver – December 2004 (Vol. 8, No. 3) and most recently The Hydra Modular Weapon System – May 2007 (Vol. 10, No. 8). With such versatility as a quick-change barrel upper receiver that requires no tools and works with original factory barrels, changes in length, style and caliber have never been faster, easier or less expensive. The Marck-15 Lower Receiver with interchangeable magazine wells, again with no tools, allows the correct magazine to be used to coincide with the caliber being fired. For example, if you are utilizing a 7.62×37 barrel and bolt, you can use the AK mag-well and utilize standard AK47 magazines. This ensures the correct feed and presentation rather than redesigning a new magazine around an existing space and angle. Mags are inexpensive, available and reliable. Next in the works is a 9mm SMG mag-well that will utilize the factory Colt 9mm SMG magazines. Several new offerings are in the pipeline, some certain to be out even before this magazine hits the newsstand.

Cobb Manufacturing (www.cobb50.com) has a line of rifles called the MCR (Multi Caliber Rifle) and it is based on the design characteristics of the AR-15, just a little bigger. The MCR is a semiautomatic, gas operated system that can be chambered in a long list of calibers from 9mm to 338 Lapua, designed originally for the SCAR rifle program. They are far from newcomers to the industry and have been dealing with such innovative firearms as the .50 BMG FA50 and BA50 for several years. Teamed up with top-line suppressor manufacturers their systems are well made and versatile.

With the “feeding” frenzy a constant issue as discussed previously, we expect to see upgrades and alterations to this portion of the weapon system as long as it is in use. Just before finishing this article the author received what is perhaps the latest offering to the high-capacity quest to evaluate for a future article. It is the CL-Mag from Armatac Industries, Inc. (www.armatac.com). Resembling the Beta C-MAG in shape, the CL-Mag is manufactured from aircraft aluminum and holds 150 rounds of 5.56x45mm. Finished in a hard coat type III anodized finish, it is intended to work in all AR-15/M16 variants. We are anxious to proceed with testing this new feeding system in the near future.

Conclusion

Since there is really nothing to compare the popularity of this unique weapon system to, with its longevity in both military and civilian applications, it is the opinion of this writer that the sheer ability to act as a chameleon and adapt to almost every environment is the life force behind its ever growing popularity. It has to be noted that many of the upgrades and enhancements are civilian based ideas with no military spec sheet giving them direction. Some of these ideas and items can be looked at as simply “fun” and that is an important aspect of shooting that some of us who are a little too hung up on being “professionals” tend to overlook a little too often. Not everything that is discovered or tested has to have an adrenaline soaked special operations application in mind. Some of the best gear for our professional applications stands a chance of starting out as a light-hearted civilian product, just because it is looked at and designed with fresh, new, untainted eyes. Some of the greatest design innovations this writer has witnessed have come from challenges from people who specifically stated that in their professional opinion something couldn’t be done.

With an ever-changing requirement for the ultimate weapon system in this unpredictable War on Terror, if any weapon stands the test of time it is the AR-15/M16. With a virtual flood of new accessories, upgrades, calibers, finishes, furniture and design enhancements being introduced at breakneck speed, this writer has a hard time even thinking of the day where the black rifle or some form of it is not going to be the basis for our primary service weapon for at least 40 more years.

Author’s Note: While this article started out to be a short overview of the AR-15/M16 and its longevity, it soon became obvious that it could not be done in just a few words. The system is too complex and the changes, alterations and upgrades are far too numerous to simply skim over and condense. Unfortunately, due to space constraints, it had to end somewhere and we were not able to include every single company that offers firearms and accessories related to this weapon system. They are far too numerous, and even a quick glance through the pages of Small Arms Review will reveal several more businesses who specialize in parts and accessories for the black rifle. It is not our intention to promote anyone in particular while leaving anyone else out, nor should either be misconstrued as an endorsement or lack of such in the latter case. We would be happy to put together a condensed Black Rifle Buyers Guide listing every business related to this system in the future, but had no room to so in this article.

SIGARMS Introduces New Custom SAS Series Pistols

SIGARMS Inc., a firearms manufacturer offering the highest quality products and services in the industry, now offers their new custom SIG Anti-Snag (SAS) Series Pistols. Straight from the SIGARMS Custom Shop, these limited production P229 and P239 pistols have been put through a dehorning process to eliminate all sharp and rough edges. The result: an ultra-smooth, snag-free profile that’s ideal for concealed carry because the radius edges allow for a faster draw. For the ultimate performance, each pistol has a contoured stainless steel slide with a front SIGLITE Night Sight and a contrasting rear sight. The lightweight black hard-anodized alloy frame includes a rounded trigger guard and dust cover. Each model includes new SIG SAUER wood grips and is covered by a limited lifetime warranty. These limited production pistols are currently available for delivery. The P229 SAS has a 12-round capacity and the P239 SAS has a 7-round capacity. Both are chambered in .40 S&W. For more information, please contact SIGARMS, Inc., Dept. SAR, 18 Industrial Drive, Exeter, NH 03833. Phone: (603) 772-2302. Fax: (603) 772-9082. Their website is www.sigarms.com.

DPMS Introduces the “Pardus” CAR Stock

Make your shooting experience more enjoyable with the addition of an innovative new buttstock design from DPMS. Made of space age, lightweight, fiber reinforced black Zytel, the buttstock has four integral slots for sling attachment in addition to the standard sling swivel making it completely customizable to the needs of both left and right handed shooters. Customize your length of pull with the 6-position buffer tube. Both the standard 6-position tube and the Mil-Spec tube are available with this design. Adjusting the tube with cold or gloved fingers just got easier too as DPMS has designed a more ergonomically shaped latch with fully integrated finger grooves. Shooters will also notice the curved, saw-tooth buttplate. The curved plate allows the shooter to pull the rifle to the shoulder more securely, providing for a tighter cheek weld to the comfortably flared, Monte Carlo-style cheek rest. Law enforcement and military personnel who routinely wear Kevlar will appreciate this insightful design element. One final design element that everyone will appreciate, especially those who have inadvertently dropped the rifle on its buttstock, is the reinforced area surrounding the latch pin. This reinforced area will provide additional strength to the latch pin and help to resist breakage should the rifle ever be dropped buttstock down. Available now, this new tactical carbine length black buttstock assembly will retail for $69.95 and includes the stock, buffer, buffer spring, lock plate and locking ring. An OD Green and a Tan assembly are also available at $74.95. For more information on this as well as their extensive line of other AR-style rifles, components and accessories, please contact at DPMS Inc., Dept. SAR, 3312 12th Street SE, St. Cloud, MN 56304. Phone: (320) 258-4448. Fax: (320) 258-4449. They can be located in cyberspace at www.dpmsinc.com.

Samson Quick Flip Mount for Aimpoint 3X Magnifier

Samson Manufacturing Corporation has now introduced what is probably the best mount available for the Aimpoint 3X Magnifier. The new mount, called the Quick Flip, mounts the Aimpoint 3X magnifier rock solidly to any flat top rail, yet allows the magnifier to “flip” to the side out of the way instantly. This allows the user to go from standard unmagnified Aimpoint to 3X magnification in an instant. The mount is precision machined and features a pre-drilled base that perfectly mates to the 3X magnifier. It also comes with Allen head attaching screws. The Quick Flip has a spring loaded base that is kept in place by a lever in its side. When the lever is pressed, the base with the magnifier attached, flips to the side out of the way allowing an unmagnified view if the coexisting Aimpoint sight. The Quick Flips also incorporates the excellent ARMS #17 single lever platform mount. This allows the entire unit to be removed with a simple throw of a lever. Another great feature of the mount is a built-in safety that blocks the release lever when the ARMS base is removed from the rifle. This keeps the unit from flipping open when stored in a BDU pocket or case. The new Quick Flip is available in two models, one that flips to the right and one that flips to the left. If you are familiar with Samson’s rail forearm systems, then you’ll know that this product is the very best made. If you are not familiar with their products, treat yourself right and pick one of them up today. They are built like a brick outhouse and will probably outlast the rifle they are used on. For more information, please contact them at Samson Manufacturing Corporation, Dept. SAR, 110 Christian Lane, Whately, MA 01373. Phone: (413) 665-1162. Fax: (413) 665-1163. They can be found on the web at www.samson-mfg.com.

Crimson Trace Introduces Lasergrips for Glock

Crimson Trace announces that the G-Series, the company’s eagerly anticipated new Lasergrips for Glock pistols, are now available. The G-Series consists of four different models, each of which is custom designed to fit specific Glock frames. The G-Series Lasergrips are the latest addition to the Crimson Trace produce line. The four G-Series Lasergrips fit 20 different Glock handguns, including full-size, compact and sub-compact models. The one piece unit installs easily and securely by simply sliding it over the back strap and replacing the trigger-housing pin. After installation, Lasergrips hold zero shot after shot. In fact, over 2,000 rounds were fired during torture testing with no adverse effects to the sighting system. Patented Lasergrips, the world’s only grip-integrated laser sight system, incorporate a laser sight and pressure-sensitive activation switch in the ergonomically designed grip. The G-Series utilizes a special design feature in which the activation switch is located in the back of the grip, turning on the laser’s bright steady beam when the firearm is held in a normal firing grip. No other laser sighting system has this “instinctive activation” feature. Lasergrips are fully adjustable for windage and elevation, precision engineered to exacting specifications and made in the USA using the highest quality components and workmanship. By adding the Lasergrip to the stock grip, the ergonomics of the Lasergrip actually improve the point-of-aim characteristics of the pistol. The areas where the batteries fit make a slight palm swell that naturally fill the hand and provide more of a purchase on the firearm. Suggested retail on the new grips will be $299. For more information contact Crimson Trace Corporation, Dept. SAR, 8089 SW Cirrus Drive, Beaverton OR 97008. Phone: (503) 627-9992. Fax: (503) 627-0166. They can be located on the web at www.crimsontrace.com.

Pelican Rolls Out Their New 1560 Case

Taking their classic 1550 Case to another level, Pelican Products, Inc., a leading manufacturer of high-impact, all-purpose watertight cases, has unveiled the new 1560 Case. As one of the newest members of the Pelican Protector case family, the 1560 boasts more that 2,800 cubic inches of possible storage space. Features include rubberized front and side grips for maximum comfort, as well as ball-bearing, polyurethane wheels and an extension handle for easy transport. The case also features stainless steel reinforced padlock protectors for added defense against cutting and theft. For extra convenience, optional accessories such as TSA-Accepted Pelilocks, lid organizers and padded divider sets are available so travelers now have the 1560 as a viable mid-sized case to check important equipment in. Like all Pelican Protector cases, the 1560’s cell-core construction helps it excel in some of the most extreme conditions on Earth. Pelican Cases can be spotted by the distinctive, trademarked Dual Band design. Additional standard features include a lid equipped with a polymer sponge O-ring for a dust and waterproof seal and a Gore-Tex purge valve that stops moisture from entering the case and automatically balances interior and exterior air pressure. As with all Pelican Products, the 1560 is backed by their Legendary Lifetime Guarantee of Excellence: “You Break It, We Replace It…Forever.” For more information on this as well as their full-line of fantastic products, please contact them at, Pelican Products Inc., Dept. SAR, 23215 Early Avenue, Torrance, CA 90505. Phone: (310) 326-4700. Fax: (310) 326-3311. Their website is www.pelican.com.

DPMS (Defense Procurement Manufacturing Services, Inc.) Long known for the extensive line of custom built AR-15s and accessories has just added three more products to their catalog. The first is a Tactical Bolt Catch for the AR-15/M-16 series of rifles. This new bolt catch has a larger bolt release pad that is much easier to activate. The second benefit is the lower extended pad, which is used to hold the bolt carrier back when the magazine is not installed. This feature is excellent for training when the magazine must be removed. The new Tactical Bolt Catch installs in minutes by simply removing the old bolt catch and replacing it with the new one. Retail price for the Tactical Bolt Catch is $14.95. The next item is their new metric FAL Receiver. This receiver is a type 2, metric pattern, with type 1 mag well cut. It is made from 4140 steel with a 28-34 Rc hardness and is black finished. Other features include carry handle cut, semi-auto ejector block installed and it is cut for metric magazines. These new Fal receivers retail for just $269.95. The last but certainly not least item is DPMS’ new Lo-Pro Classic rifle. This AR-15 style rifle is manufactured using new hi-tech ideas and materials not found in run of the mill rifles. This new rifle offers a true 16 inch target/bull barrel and a solid flap top upper receiver. Accuracy and a compact size all for a retail price of only $655.00!!! For more information contact DPMS, Dept. SAR, 13983 Industry Ave., Becker, MN 55308. Phone: 1-763-261-5600. Fax: 1-763-261-5599

AR STOWAWAY PISTOL PLUG FROM DPMS

DPMS, Inc. is proud to present their new AR Stowaway Pistol Plug. You can now convert your existing AR-15/M-16, A2 pistol grip into a Stowaway Pistol Grip. Their new AR Stowaway Pistol Plug allows you to store your extra firing pins, springs, etc. and is a less costly option than the Stowaway Pistol Grip. The new “plug” is made of 70 durometer rubber and is friction fitted into the bottom of your existing A2 pistol grip. The AR Stowaway Pistol Plug fits snugly and removes easily. For more information or to place an order, contact Defense Procurement Manufacturing Services, Inc., Dept. SAR, 13983 Industry Avenue, Becker MN 55308. Phone: 1-612-261-5600. Fax: 1-612-26-5599. On the web at www.dpmsinc.com.

CRIMSON TRACE LASERGRIPS FOR THE SIG P228 AND P229

Fresh from Crimson Trace Corporation is the newly developed LASERGRIPS for the Sig Sauer P228 and P229 pistols. The internal circuitry and electronic components that power this masterfully engineered laser gunsight are housed within both grip panels, with a sturdy link completing the electrical connection. Within the left grip panel, a pressure sensitive activator switch is perfectly positioned for instinctive, instantaneous activation with either hand. The switch rests directly beneath the tip of the middle finger of a right-handed shooter, providing optimum control. A brilliant, continuous laser beam emanates from high and to the rear of the slender and perfectly contoured right grip. A master on/off switch at the base of the grip allows complete system override. The laser equipped weapon fits easily into holsters that are designed for the Sig pistols. Overall size of the grips is virtually indistinguishable from stock grips. In addition to the Sig model, LASERGRIPS are available for the S&W J-Frame, Beretta 92/96, 1911 Government Model and Commander as well as the Ruger MKII. As many as thirty other LASERGRIP models are planned for the near future. For more information contact Crimson Trace Corporation, Dept. SAR, 1433 NW Quimby Street, Portland, OR 97209. Phone: 1-503-295-2406. Fax: 1-503-442-2406. On the web they can be reached at www.crimsontrace.com.

SPEEDWELL INTRODUCES WEBSITE

Speedwell, the leading provider of targets and range equipment for law enforcement and civilian sport shooting markets, presents its website, entitled WWW.SPEEDWELL-ROCKWOOD.COM. Check out this site regularly for great specials and new product offerings. Speedwell offers over 700 high-grade products at reasonable prices through its catalog, or by calling directly toll-free, at 1-800-243-8274 for those who can’t get online. Speedwell, Dept. SAR, 136 Lincoln Boulevard, Middlesex, NJ 08846.

“LONGBOW” T-76 TACTICAL RIFLE FROM DAKOTA ARMS

Dakota Arms, long known for manufacturing some of the finest, most durable and accurate hunting rifles in the world, has brought its expertise to the law enforcement and military arenas with the introduction of its new “Longbow” T-76 engagement rifle. The Longbow was developed from the ground up at the request of the world’s most sophisticated governments, seeking a tactical rifle of unprecedented accuracy, power, and flexibility. Based upon Dakota Arms’ renowned 76 hunting action, the Longbow offers range and power vastly superior to .30 caliber tactical rifles, without the weight and bulk of .50 caliber weapons. The Longbow is available in .338 Lapua Magnum, .330 Dakota Magnum and .300 Dakota Magnum. Dakota Arms guarantees 1/2 MOA in any caliber. The T-76 weighs less than 15 pounds, has a matte finish and is stocked with an ambidextrous A-2 McMillan fiberglass stock in either black or olive green. The rugged action features Dakota’s controlled feeding, 3-position firing pin block safety, a claw extraction system, positive mechanical ejector and a Model 70-style trigger that will not seize from dirt or freeze in rain. The barrel is a high integrity LW-50 stainless steel design, proprietary to Lothar Walther. It includes a high efficiency tuned muzzlebrake. The Longbow comes with a Picatinny one-piece optical rail installed and a complete deployment kit, including bipod, case and tool kit. Retail price for the rifle is $4250. For more information contact Dakota Arms, Inc., Dept. SAR, HC 55, Box 326, Sturgis, SD 57785. Phone: 1-605-347-4686. Fax: 1-605-347-4459. Their web site is at www.dakotaarms.com

NEW LINE OF PREMIUM-PLUS AMMUNITION FROM TRITON

Triton announces the release of the QUIK-SHOK=99 Premium Plus line of centerfire ammunition. QUIK-SHOK features a patented, high velocity hollow point bullet developed by Tom Burczynski, the designer of the Hydra-Shokr and Star-Firer bullets. The QUIK-SHOK round was designed to provide controlled fragmentation on impact. During penetration, the bullet expands very rapidly and then splits into three sections, which continue to penetrate in three directions over an over-widening area within the target. This dynamic terminal action results in maximum energy distribution and multiple wound channels. This unique bullet technology provides extreme accuracy and delivers a new level of stopping power, which far exceeds that of conventional hollow point ammunition. The QUIK-SHOK ammunition is packaged in boxes of twenty and features nickel-plated cartridges cases. Triton also announces the release of the Lite series of Hi-Vel ammunition. Hi-Vel’s Lite ammunition is designed specifically for shorter barrels where recoil is a problem. Through the use of rapid-expanding bullets you get all the ballistic performance expected from the Hi-Vel name without excessive recoil. Hi-Vel Lite is available in .357 Magnum, .44 Magnum and .45 ACP. For more information on this and other innovative ammunition contact, Triton Cartridge Corporation, Dept. SAR, P.O. Box 50, Wappingers Falls, NY 12590. Phone: 1-800-861-3362. Fax: 1-914-896-4607. Visit their web site at www.triton-ammo.com. SAR