As basic review, recall that the most recent variants of 40mm grenade systems are typically deemed “third generation” systems, following the design of the M79 40mm grenade launcher, the original first generation 40mm grenade launcher. Later second generation launchers are represented by the Colt M203, and the Heckler and Koch M69 launchers as systems that require mounting to the host weapon. The newest 40mm grenade launchers represent an entirely new system of weapons, representing the third generation of the 40mm grenade launcher. In general terms, third generation 40mm grenade launcher systems are defined as a multifunctional 40mm grenade launcher. That is, they are capable of functioning as a standalone unit or as part of an integrated rifle system. Third generation systems frequently feature the increased use of aluminum, composites, and polymers within the manufacturing process, and generally rely upon a side opening breech, rather than the M203’s slide forward breech mechanism. By opening to the side, the third generation systems are better capable of accepting 40mm rounds that are longer in length than the original M583 parachute flare round. This is a significant and important feature as increasing numbers of less lethal and medium velocity 40mm rounds enter the market. Finally, third generation systems all feature universal mounting solutions reliant upon Mil-Std 1913 Picatinny rails as a means of mounting the launcher to the host weapon. By presenting a universal mounting solution, third generation 40mm systems offer a unilateral cross-platform 40mm solution – that is, a single 40mm weapon system may be mounted on a host of primary weapons, without special tools in a quick and efficient manner. Mounting a third generation system to the host weapon typically requires the minimal use of common hand tools rather than relying upon specialized mounting hardware typically required to mount second generation 40mm systems to the host weapon. It should be no surprise that the Fabrique Nationale FN40GL system fits the definition of a third generation 40mm system nearly exactly.

The System

The FN40GL Enhanced Grenade Launcher is intended for integration with the Fabrique Nationale SCAR 16 and SCAR 17 rifles. Capable of firing all types of NATO standard 40x46mm low-velocity grenades, the FN40GL may be mounted under either rifle or may be configured as a stand-alone launcher.

When assembled on a Mk16/Mk17 host rifle, mounting is easily accomplished with a trigger adapter and dual locking clamp levers. The FN40GL easily mounts to the Picatinny rails at the 6 o’clock position on the host rifle. No special tools to mount or dismount the launcher from the host rifle are required as one merely flips the two mounting levers upward. The mounting system is as easily manipulated as any common Picatinny rail attachment. When mounted to the host rifle, the FN40GL is firmly mounted without any flex or movement, yet is easily removed quickly and without the use of tools.

Completely ambidextrous, the FN40GL utilizes a polymer receiver mated to an aluminum barrel for durability and light weight. Unlike other third generation 40mm systems, the 9.6-inch barrel swivels to the right or left for ease of loading and unloading from any firing position. This feature differentiates the FN40GL from other 40mm systems. While other systems allow the barrel to pivot to either the left or right, other 40mm systems force the user to choose one direction or the other. The FN40GL is currently the only 40mm system that allows the barrel to pivot in either direction at any time. While this may not seem significant, the ability to load the weapon from either the left or right allows left handed shooters to utilize a standard system without modification. More importantly, the design allows the shooter to load the weapon in any position – left or right – an important feature when loading from one side may prove difficult or impossible in the heat of battle.

The FN40GL may also be mounted to an alloy stand-alone stock assembly to allow individual use of the system. While the launcher is outfitted with Mil-Std 1913 Picatinny rails at the 12 o’clock position, the stand-alone stock assembly provides rails at the 3 o’clock, 6 o’clock, and 9 o’clock positions to allow the mounting of lights, lasers and other targeting devices. While this may not seem significant, recall than 40mm systems are being used in increasing numbers in a less lethal role. The ability to mount a forward grip, red dot sight, and laser aiming modules on the system may prove valuable on the battlefield, while the ability to mount ultra-bright LED lights and eye safe laser dazzlers may be more appropriate for use in situations involving civil disobedience.

Fabrique Nationale offers the FN40GL with a traditional folding leaf sight as standard sights. The application of optional after-market grenade launching sights or laser aiming modules is easily mounted to the system via the built in Mil-Std 1913 Picatinny rails.

At the Range

The FN40GL is a manually operated, single shot grenade launcher. Loading is easily accomplished by loading a 40mm grenade within the chamber of the weapon and closing the breech. The breech is a multiple lug rotating design. Unloading is easily accomplished by opening the breech via a lever on the left side of the weapon and removing the live round. The lever to open the breach is intuitive for right handed shooters, and is located in approximately the same location as the legacy M203 system. As the system opens to the left and right, an ambidextrous opening lever would be innovative, yet mechanically difficult to achieve with the current design.

The trigger of the system is unusually large and placed low on the weapon system. While the system was fired using the stand alone stock, it appears that the placement of the FN40GL trigger may allow the operator to keep the index (trigger) finger on the trigger of the host weapon, while using the shooter’s middle finger to fire the FN40GL. Regardless of finger placement, the FN40GL features a double action only trigger system that proved long and heavy. While firing the system was under ideal conditions, one must recall that most users will be firing the system under duress, whether a civil disturbance using less-lethal rounds, or on the battle field, firing high explosive rounds. The stress likely faced when firing the system necessarily requires a double action trigger as a means of preventing fratricide and unintended discharges of the weapon. When firing high explosive, one can never be too careful.

Accuracy of the system using the FN designed leaf sight was reasonable and targets at 250 meters were easily engaged within the kill radius of an M433 HE round. Presumably, accuracy would be better when used in conjunction with electronic or laser sighting systems. Muzzle velocity was approximately 250 feet per second.

Conclusion

The FN40GL is a highly capable third generation 40mm system. While the double action only trigger pull is not ideal, the long and heavy trigger pull is likely to prevent accidental discharges in high stress situations. It can be differentiated from others in the market in that the FN40GL is currently the only 40mm system that allows the barrel to pivot in either direction during the loading sequence. The system appears to be currently adaptable only to the FN SCAR 16 and SCAR 17, giving limited use on rifles outside of the FN family. Although tested with a standard leaf sight, accuracy of the system would presumably benefit with the addition of an aftermarket laser range finder, laser designator, or sighting system. Wide use of Mil-Std 1913 Picatinny rails allow the mounting of nearly any aftermarket sighting system. Additional information may be found online at www.fnhusa.com.

Small Arms Review is proud to announce several new product releases planned for the 2009 SHOT show, scheduled to take place in Orlando, Florida from January 15-18, 2009. As the largest domestic firearm industry trade show, admission to the Shooting, Hunting, and Outdoor Trade show is limited to those that work within the firearms industry.

Interordnance

Interordnance announced several new rifles for the U.S. civilian market. The STG-22 is a full sized .22 LR caliber AK-style rifle. Manufactured entirely in the U.S., (including the receiver and barrel) the fire control parts are identical to full sized AK rifles. With the increasing cost of 7.62×39 ammunition, the ability to fire cheap and available .22 LR from an AK platform should be welcome to many hard core shooters. The STG-22 uses a proprietary magazine that appears to be related to the East German .22 caliber magazines that are commonly available within the U.S. civilian market. A retail price has not been announced as of press time.

Small Arms Review previously reported the manufacture of semiautomatic MP40 carbines by Sport System Dittrich of Germany. Manufactured to the same original manufacturing dimensions and specifications as the originals, parts and magazines reportedly fit the Sport System Dittrich replicas. Interordnance announced that they have agreed to act as the exclusive U.S. importer for the semiautomatic MP40 carbine. Retail price is expected to be about $6,000.

Century Arms

Century Arms has several newly modified firearms available for the civilian market. The Goryunov SGM (SG43) belt-fed machine gun has been converted to semiautomatic function only using newly manufactured U.S. made receivers, barrels and Polish parts. A Russian designed machine gun chambered in 7.62x54R, the firearm is sold complete with caisson mount, and unique non-disintegrating belt. Century also has three semiautomatic light machine guns – the DP28, DPM, and DTM. Fed from a pan magazine similar to a Lewis gun, these three firearms are also manufactured with new U.S. made receivers, barrels and Polish parts and are chambered in 7.62×39.

The Sterling submachine gun was used with great success by the British Army. Until recently, there were no semiautomatic versions available for sale in the U.S. Century Arms designed and produced a semiautomatic Sterling that qualifies as a non-NFA firearm. Complete with a U.S. made 16-inch barrel and folding stock, the firearm is not an exact replica, but is very close in appearance. The Century Arms Sterling is compatible with existing Sterling magazines, and other accessories.

Adams Arms

Adams Arms revealed an AR-15/M16 piston system at the 2008 SHOT show. For 2009, Adams Arms has a new 7.5-inch AR-15/M16 upper receiver utilizing the gas piston system. Fans of short barreled M16 rifles know that 7.5-inch upper receivers are finicky, and difficult to make run properly. The Adams Arms team reports that their 7.5-inch upper receiver works flawlessly. Retail price for the complete upper was not available as of press time.

Fabrique Nationale

FN has two new rifles that will excite SAR readers. The first new rifle is the FN-AR. Based upon the Browning BAR system, the FN-AR is a .308 caliber, semiautomatic rifle available in a light or heavy barreled configuration. Representatives from FN indicate that law enforcement officers requested a semiautomatic .308 rifle that would fit within a patrol vehicle. With a 20-inch barrel, the FN-AR delivers as requested. FN makes two guarantees of the FN-AR: a 10,000 round barrel life (compared to the 3,500 round barrel life of the Browning BAR) and guaranteed MOA accuracy. The FN-AR utilizes a proprietary 20-round magazine. According to FN representatives, original BAR magazines will not function with the new FN-AR rifle. The FN-AR rifle also uses the ambidextrous magazine release designed for the SCAR rifle system. Retail price for the FN-AR rifle is expected to be $1,399.

Scheduled for public release in mid-December 2008, look for the civilian legal SCAR light rifles from FN. Frequent readers of SAR know that the SCAR rifle system has been under development by FN for several years for the U.S. military. According to FN representatives, the civilian version of the SCAR rifle will be virtually identical to the military version. Two obvious changes to the civilian SCAR rifle include semiautomatic only function and an 18-inch barrel with standard A2-type birdcage flash hider. Suggested retail price as of press time is $2,499.

Serbu Firearms Semiautomatic .50 BMG Rifle

The long anticipated Serbu semiautomatic rifle is reportedly in production. Featuring steel and aluminum construction, the rifle reportedly weighs 25 pounds making the Serbu rifle considerably lighter than many competing semiautomatic .50 caliber rifles. Overall length is reportedly 52.5 inches, with a 26-inch barrel. Utilizing a gas operated, three lug bolt with dual ejectors, the rifle uses standard M82 10-round magazines. Suggested retail is currently $6,700.

American Tactical Imports

Known for importing the GSG-5 carbine, look for the GSG-5 pistol to be on display at SHOT. Manufactured by German Sport Guns of Germany, the GSG-5 variants are near perfect replicas of the full scale 9mm Heckler and Koch versions. Look for a full review of the GSG-5 pistol in a future issue of Small Arms Review.

ATI is offering a dedicated .22 caliber M4 type AR-15/M16 upper receiver with a 16-inch barrel that utilizes Mad Dog .22 caliber magazines. Utilizing a modified bolt and recoil system based upon the Atchisson .22 LR system, the ATI upper receiver will reportedly retail for $300. Unlike other .22 caliber conversions, the ATI conversion utilizes a .22 caliber barrel and eliminates the .223 chamber spacer employed by caliber conversion kits. The kit is reportedly made and manufactured in Italy, and imported exclusively by ATI.

The firearms industry has recently seen many new modifications and caliber offerings in the AR-15 system. ATI has a new .410 caliber shotgun based upon the AR-15 design. Unlike the USAS-12 12-gauge shotgun, the T-14 shotgun is the same size as an AR-15, and makes use of the same fire control parts found on the AR-15. Equipped with a 10-round magazine, the T-14 has an MSRP of $799.

For Glock owners, ATI has secured newly manufactured after-market 15-round and 17-round 9mm Glock magazines. Identical in fit and finish to the original Glock 9mm magazines, a pair of magazines is sold with a magazine pouch for $39.99.

PTR-91, Inc.

PTR, long known for its Heckler and Koch type .308 rifles, has a new rifle available for the U.S. civilian market. The new G3 based rifle is chambered in 7.62×39. Designated the PTR-32, the rifle is available with a 16-inch barrel, Navy-type polymer trigger group, HK-type birdcage flash suppressor, and either a standard or collapsible stock. Most importantly, the rifle reportedly accepts AK-type 7.62mm magazines which are easy and inexpensive to obtain. Suggested retail is $1,240 for the standard stock model, and $1,355 for the collapsible stock model.

The SHOT show is the largest domestic firearm trade show of the year, and visitors can expect to find many new product releases during the show. Please bear in mind that while the information within this article was accurate as of press time, changes within the industry and political climate may result in changes to the final retail price, product offerings, and configurations.

There have been relatively few attempts to introduce new heavy machine gun cartridges since the end of the Second World War. The main reason for this is that many of the roles formerly carried out by these guns have been taken over by cannon of 20mm or larger calibre, while their remaining tasks can be adequately carried out by the existing rounds. However, that has not stopped several manufacturers from experimenting, usually with new technology which possesses some theoretical advantages. The first two considered here are, however, conventional: the BRG rounds from Fabrique Nationale of Herstal, Belgium.

15×115 FN

Having observed that armoured personnel carriers and other light AFVs were acquiring thicker armour as protection against .50/12.7mm AP rounds, FN decided to develop a more powerful HMG to give NATO an equivalent to the Russian 14.5mm KPV. The gun, designated the BRG-15, was a gasoperated, dual-feed design, and it was first chambered for a cartridge made by necking down the 20×110 Hispano case to create the 15×115. However, this experienced difficulties with barrel wear and inaccuracy, so it was decided to replace the cartridge with a new design; the 15.5x 106.

15.5×106 FN

For the new BRG-15 cartridge it was decided to abandon the conventional jacketed bullet design and replace it with slightly larger-calibre projectiles using a cannonstyle separate driving (rotating) band made of plastic. It was also decided to adopt an entirely new case, this time based on theRussian 14.5×114. This is wider than the Hispano case, so it was possible to shorten it while still retaining the same ballistics, resulting in the 15.5×106. Despite all of this work, the project was shelved in 1991.

Several attempts have been made to simplify ammunition and gun design in the postwar period. These have included various shapes of caseless rounds, and “folded” cartridges with the bullet alongside the propellant. Three of the more practical efforts are described below.

.50 Dardick Tround

This system was developed by David Dardick in the 1950s, and was aimed at simplifying the gun feeding mechanism. The basic idea was to push the cartridges sideways into an open chamber instead of lengthwise into a closed one. Three of these chambers were formed on the outside of a revolving cylinder; at any given moment, one round was being loaded, the second fired and the third ejected. The cylinder was partly surrounded by a fixed sleeve; this left two chambers open for loading and ejection, but supported the round being fired by providing the third side of the chamber.

This would not have worked with a conventional cartridge case, so each round was entirely surrounded by a plastic case with three slightly rounded sides. This not only provided a close fit with the supporting chamber walls, but also added strength to make up for the lack of a solid chamber. The description “triangular round” was shortened to Tround.

Most of the initial effort was in small arms with a few examples being made for commercial sale, but these were not successful and production stopped in the 1960s. However, interest in larger-calibre automatic versions continued, mainly because the short cartridge movements involved in chambering and ejection permit a very smooth action with an extremely high rate of fire. Experiments with a .50 calibre Tround MG continued into the 1990s, but did not result in a production gun.

.50 Hughes Lockless

A different approach to the same problem was tried by Hughes in the 1970s. They also developed a gun with a sideways-loading chamber, although in this case the chamber was fixed while the surrounding sleeve moved. The ammunition was in the form of a flat box, which was slotted into the chamber from the side; the shape led it to be dubbed the “chiclet”. Before firing, the loading and ejection ports were covered by a sliding sleeve to complete the chamber. The next round to be c h a m b e r e d pushed the fired case out of the ejection port. This layout led to a very simple gun mechanism, and ammunition was made in calibres from 5.56mm to 30mm, but again without any production being achieved.

The cartridge is interesting because it is of the “telescoped” type; the propellant is packed around the bullet instead of behind it, leading to a much shorter cartridge. Ignition takes place in two stages. The primer first ignites a small quantity of propellant; just enough to drive the bullet up into the bore and thereby seal the chamber. The movement of the bullet exposes holes connecting with the main body of the propellant, which then ignites to drive the bullet from the barrel. The expansion space left by the bullet on its initial movement means thatthe propellant can be packed in tightly, allowing the case to be very compact.

.50 ARES TARG

This was another telescoped round, although with a more conventional cylindrical shape and designed for a very different type of gun action. The TARG (Telescoped Automatic Revolver Gun) was of the conventional single-barrel revolving cylinder type, as the name suggests. The cylinder had four chambers and, as with the Hughes Lockless, ejection occurred when the next round to be chambered pushed the fired case out of the chamber. The project commenced in 1989 and resulted in a light and compact machine gun, but it was cancelled in the late 1990s when ARES was acquired by the AAI Corporation.

In HMGs, as with small arms, much work on producing designs to use advanced ammunition concepts has failed to result in any production contracts. However, it seems unlikely that this will always be the case. The US Army is experimenting once more with telescoped ammunition (both plastic cased and caseless) in the Lightweight Small Arms Technologies (LSAT) programme, while the British and French are bidding to introduce 40mm cased telescoped ammunition in the CTWS (Cased Telescoped Weapon System) for future use in light armoured fighting vehicles. We have not yet reached the end of the development of the heavy machine gun cartridge.

By Frank Iannamico

The service life of the famous Belgian designed Fusil Automatique Leger or FN FAL 7.62mm rifle has eclipsed for most of the ninety-plus nations that adopted the weapon during the 1950s. As a first line infantry weapon, the old workhorse FAL has largely been replaced by more modern small-arms.

Back during the 1980s new Belgian made FN FAL semiautomatic rifles, designated as the LAR (Light Automatic Rifle), were imported specifically for the U.S. civilian market. While the Belgian made rifles were extremely accurate and very well made, they were quite expensive; costing nearly twice as much as a semiautomatic Colt AR-15.

The world wide retirement of the FN FAL rifle has provided many parts and part sets for enthusiasts, and has created a substantial market for U.S. made receivers. FN FAL rifles built on American made receivers have been reasonably priced and extremely popular.

A Brief FAL History

During the post World War II era many of the allied nations began to search for a modern infantry rifle to replace their aging small-arms, many of which were long-obsolete bolt action rifles. The NATO alliance, formed in 1949, was set up largely to discourage an attack by the Soviet Union on the non-Communist nations of Western Europe. The NATO members decided that one of the joint military items that needed to be standardized was small arms ammunition. The action was taken to prevent the supply problems all nations had encountered during World War II and Korea. The selection of a service rifle was left up to each individual country: most chose the FAL.

The Belgian FAL rifle was designed by a Fabrique Nationale factory design team headed by Dieudonne Saive. The original FAL prototype rifle introduced in 1948 was chambered for the midrange 8mm Kurz round first fielded by German forces near the war’s end. Subsequent prototypes were chambered for the experimental British .280 cartridge.

The controversial NATO standard cartridge selection program ended with the adoption of the U.S. developed 7.62×51 cartridge in January of 1954. Anticipating the NATO adoption of the U.S. endorsed 7.62×51 round, efforts by Dieudonne Saive and Ernest Vervier began as early as 1952 to adapt the FAL rifle for the U.S. cartridge. The resulting 7.62mm weapon was considerably longer and heavier than earlier variations.

From 1952 through 1956, many of the NATO alliance countries began to seriously consider the Belgian rifle. Canada was the first NATO country to officially adopt the FAL rifle in July of 1953. Since the FN FAL rifle was built using the metric system, the Canadian Government was the first to address the challenge of converting the drawings from metric to inches. Later that year, the United States ordered 3,000 standard and 200 heavy barrel metric FAL rifles from Fabrique Nationale in Belgium. The Belgian made rifles were designated as the T48. While the United States began work on making an inch-pattern U.S. manufactured FAL rifle, the Belgian made T48 weapons were issued to the U.S. Army for field testing. During 1954 Great Britain also ordered a number of the FAL rifles chambered for the new 7.62 NATO cartridge for testing.

A meeting was held at the Office of the U.S. Chief of Ordnance on 10 May 1954 in order to brief representatives of the Springfield Armory on the policy for the T48 rifle program. On 26 May 1954 Armory officials attended a conference held at the head office of Canadian Arsenals Limited. The purpose of the Canadian meeting was to participate in what was called the American-British-Canadian Program (A-B-C) to convert the metric FN FAL drawings to American Standards. The group distributed translated drawings and manufacturing data to prospective contractors who were invited to submit bids for production studies. It was established that engineering information would be exchanged between the United States, Great Britain and Canada with Canadian Arsenals Ltd. acting as the clearing house. Spare parts requirements for a normal one-year maintenance program were compiled for the 500 T48 rifles to be manufactured in the United States.

After a brief study it was determined that converting the metric Belgian drawings to inches would not be an easy task. Other concerns were U.S. Ordnance specifications for materials, heat-treating procedures, manufacturing tolerances and other manufacturing operations. Personnel from the U.S. Springfield Armory were originally assigned the job of converting the FAL manufacturing drawings. However, since the Springfield Armory was busy with the T44E4 rifle development and numerous other projects, it was decided to turn the job over to a commercial entity. Bids were taken for the project and the contract was eventually awarded to the High Standard Company. As part of the agreement, High Standard was to manufacture twelve functional FAL T48 rifles from their final drawings and were to be delivered by September of 1954. The U.S. FAL, the T48, adopted the Canadian improved magazine design that included a reinforced magazine lip. This modification made to all inch-pattern FAL rifle magazines, made the magazine non-interchangeable with metric FAL rifles. The first U.S. made T48 FAL rifle was fired at the Springfield Armory on 9 May 1955. Despite the fact that there was no formal contract between Fabrique Nationale and the United States, the company granted the U.S. at no cost, the complete rights to produce the FN T48 rifle domestically.

After all of the conversion drawings were completed, the Harrington and Richardson Arms Company and International Harvester both submitted bids to manufacture the T48 rifle. Harrington and Richardson was eventually chosen to produce the T48 rifles while the Springfield Armory would manufacture the competing U.S. T44E4 design. The Hand Arms and Equipment Unit of the Armory was ordered to prepare Ordnance drawings, provide manufacturing information and technical data to the Boston Ordnance District, for use in administering the contract number DA-19-020-ORD-3436 for the caliber .30 T48 rifle to H&R.

A representative from the Springfield Armory attended a four-day conference held from May 16-20, 1955 at the Royal Small Arms Factory in Enfield, Middlesex England. The conference, initiated by the British government, was the first in a series to promote cooperation and eventual tri-partite NATO standardization of the Belgian FN FAL rifle. The general feeling was that since the NATO countries had (reluctantly) adopted the U.S. 7.62mm cartridge, they expected the U.S. to reciprocate and adopt the FAL rifle. Then, not only would NATO have a common cartridge, but a common service rifle as well.

Officials from Fort Benning reported that the Belgian made T48 rifles were experiencing functioning problems under dusty conditions. Similar problems were encountered with the FAL rifles during desert testing by Great Britain. To address the problem, a small delegation of Americans who represented the U.S. contractors, visited the Royal Arms Factory in England and the Fabrique Nationale factory in Liege, Belgium. The problem was traced to the FAL’s close manufacturing tolerances between the bolt carrier and the receiver. The Belgium engineers suggested the incorporation of “sand cuts,” or zig-zag grooves machined into the bolt carriers. This eventually solved the problem.

After the first 100 U.S. made T48 Harrington and Richardson FAL rifles were ready in September 1955, 10 were randomly selected for testing at the Aberdeen Proving Center. The Harrington and Richardson T48 rifles experienced a few initial problems with small parts failing and stoppages. After these problems were addressed and solved, testing resumed. Early manufacture Harrington and Richardson T48 rifles were unable to qualify in the accuracy test. This problem was traced back to excessive machining tolerances on the barrels, partially as a result of a drawing conversion error.

A final head to head full-scale test of the T48 versus the T44E4 was scheduled for the spring of 1956. However, instead of an out and out test, only a brief trial was conducted. The testing took place concurrently at Fort Benning, Georgia and the U.S. Marine Base at Quantico, Virginia.

There was a great deal of skepticism on behalf of those involved in the testing about the United States Army adopting a foreign designed infantry weapon for its forces. Many felt that the U.S. Ordnance Department was simply going through the motions of testing the FAL rifle to appease the other NATO members, who were pressuring the U.S. to adopt the Belgian rifle. On the other hand, there was great political pressure from the U.S. Army and the Springfield Armory to adopt the U.S. designed T44E4.

After the trials were completed, Fort Benning reported that both rifles were suitable for army use, failing to decisively choose one design over the other. The U.S. Marine testing at Quantico reported that the Springfield Armory’s T44E4 rifle entry held a slight edge. It seemed as though no one was prepared to select one rifle over the other, as it was becoming a very sensitive political issue.

After a thorough study of all the test reports, which lasted nearly a year, the U.S. Ordnance Department finally came to the conclusion that the U.S. designed T44E4 rifle possessed the following advantages;

1. The T44E4 rifle was a full pound lighter than the T48.
2. The T44E4 contained fewer parts and had a single-port gas system that didn’t require adjustments.
3. The similarities between the T44E4 and its predecessor, the M1 Garand rifle, would ease both training and manufacturing requirements.

Despite pressure from the other NATO countries for the U.S. to adopt the Belgian designed T48 rifle, on 1 May 1957 Secretary of the Army Wilbur H. Bruckner announced that the T44E4 and T44E5 were being adopted as the Standard U.S. service rifles as the M14 and M15 respectively. An Ordnance Committee meeting held on 14 November 1957 finalized the adoption of the M14 and M15 rifles as Standard.

The Belgian FAL rifle, in slightly varying configurations, was eventually adopted as the standard infantry rifle by over ninety countries. The FAL would become the most prolific rifle among the NATO alliance, and made in far larger quantities than any other 7.62mm rifle.

The United States extensively tested the FN FAL as the T48 rifle, chambered for the U.S. 7.62 round (T-65), from 1952 until the official adoption of the M14 rifle in May of 1957. An educational contract was awarded to Harrington & Richardson Inc. to manufacture 500 7.62 mm FN-FALs (T48s), as a study to see what problems might be encountered in domestic manufacture of the weapon. The Ordnance Department finally concluded after years of testing and development that both the 7.62 caliber T-48 (FN-FAL) and the T-44E4 (M14) were “suitable for army use”. In a decision that had been expected from the outset of the testing program, the U.S. Ordnance Department declared their own design, the T44E4, as the winner and the weapon was adopted as the new service rifle of the U.S. Army. The new rifle was designated as the “U.S. Rifle 7.62 M14.” The reasons given for choosing the T-44 over the T-48 were: the T-44 was 1 pound lighter, had fewer parts, had no need for a manual gas regulator, and it would be easier to manufacture because of the similarities to the M1 rifle. While the U.S. Army adopted the M14 the rest of the free world choose the FN FAL.

The FN-FAL is known by many different nomenclatures designated by the adopting countries: the British L1A1, Austrian STG58, the German G-1, the Canadian C1A1 and others. The FN-FAL was available in several models including, the standard rifle, and the para-folding stock version and the FALO, heavy barrel model. The heavy barrel models were usually equipped with an integral folding bipod. The FAL rifle was manufactured in both metric and inch configurations. The FALs adopted by the British and most Commonwealth nations, including India, Canada and Australia were manufactured in the inch pattern while the remaining countries adopted the metric design. The inch pattern guns have virtually the same outward appearance as the metric rifles and a few parts will interchange between models. The magazines are also dimensionally different. The metric magazines will usually work in an inch pattern rifle, but the inch pattern magazines will not fit into the magazine well of a metric gun. While the FAL was capable of full automatic fire (650-700 RPM) many countries chose to issue the rifle in semi-auto only. Because of the powerful cartridge and the relatively light weight of the weapon it was difficult to manage during full auto fire.

The FAL is a gas-operated, select fire weapon that uses a tilt-to-lock bolt system. The standard model is 43.6 inches in length, and weighs a hefty 10.3 pounds loaded. The magazine is a detachable box style with a 20 round capacity. Standard barrel length is 21 inches, four right-hand grooves, one turn in 12 inches (varies). Muzzle velocity with standard NATO military ball ammunition is 2800 feet per second. A non-reciprocating cocking handle is located on the left side of the receiver, with inch-pattern models featuring a folding cocking handle. An adjustable gas regulator is provided to insure reliable operation under extended use in the field. Most FAL models are equipped with a receiver mounted, folding carry handle that is located at weapons center of gravity. The weapon is very well made, extremely rugged and reliable.

The basic FAL rifle was manufactured in different models. U.S. collectors commonly use the Belgian designations to describe the configuration of a particular FAL regardless of the country of origin.

•Model 50.00 The standard full stocked version.

•Model 50.41 Heavy barrel.

•Model 50.63 Folding stock, 18-inch barrel.

•Model 50.64 Folding stock 21-inch barrel.

Civilian FN-FALs

From 1959 to 1963 a limited number (1,848 according to the BATF) of German G1 pattern rifles (FN-FALs) were approved for importation into the United States. These were imported by the Browning Arms Company and are commonly know as the G series FALs, because of the letter G or GL prefix on their serial numbers. What make these rifles unique is they have the original military sear cut receivers, although most were imported in a semi-automatic-only configuration. These rifles are eagerly sought after today and are on the BATF’s Curio and Relics list. 1950s H&R manufactured T-48s, and the Canadian experimental models made by FN, although quite rare in private hands, are also considered C&R firearms.

In the early 1980s BATF approved, semi-automatic-only, versions of modern military rifles were being offered on the U.S. civilian market. Military contractors like FN, Colt, H&K, IMI, Steyr and even former Warsaw Pact countries began producing guns for U.S. collectors and shooters. Although by the 1980s the FN-FAL was obsolete as a military weapon, FN of Belgium offered the rifle to an enthusiastic U.S. market. The only drawback was that the FN-FAL, now designated as the FN-LAR (Light Automatic Rifle), had a very high asking price and thus was passed over by many buyers for less expensive weapons.

Selected manufacturers suggested list prices circa 1983:

•Colt AR-15 $533.00, (5.56mm)

•Fabrique Nationale FNC $695.00, (5.56mm)

•H&K Model 91 $699.00 (7.62 NATO)

•Springfield Armory M1A1 $775.00 (7.62 NATO)

•Steyr Aug $1275.00 (5.56mm)

•Fabrique Nationale FN-LAR $1695.00 (7.62 NATO)

Importers began searching the globe for more affordable versions of the FN-FAL. Soon reasonably priced semi-automatic FAL rifles built under license in Argentina by FMAP DM Rosario were being imported into the United States. Armscorp of Maryland imported a number of FAL parts kits from Israel and assembled them on new manufacture semi-automatic receivers. Brazilian FALs were being imported by Springfield Armory and offered as the SAR-48. Even a small number of rare inch-pattern Lithgow L1A1 rifles were imported from Australia. Looking back one can honestly say, “Those were the days”.

The FAL today

Because of laws passed in recent years, many new categories of semi-automatic firearms have emerged. Today phrases such as sporter, pre-ban, post-ban, pre 1989, etc. are common parlance. Essentially all that these new laws have done is raise prices of the pre-ban guns to the point to where they have become expensive collector’s items. After the 1989 ban new “sporter” models of assault rifles began to appear. These guns were mechanically similar to the original guns, but equipped with thumbhole stocks, and without flash-hiders, bayonet lugs or separate pistol grips. While certainly adequate shooters, the rifles had lost a lot of their appeal to the more serious enthusiast.

More recently FN-FAL parts kits from a variety of countries have become available at very reasonable prices. These kits are generally in very good condition and complete, except of course, for the receiver. New manufacture receivers are also currently being offered. One of the earliest semi-auto-only receivers was manufactured by Imbel of Brazil, who had been manufacturing the FN FAL rifle for a number of years under license. Unfortunately these receivers where banned form further importation in 1997-98. Currently there are several U.S. based companies manufacturing FAL receivers: Hesse Ltd., Entréprise Arms and DSA Inc. In addition to receivers, there are several U.S. companies manufacturing FAL parts. Installation of at least 7 U.S. made parts in a FN-FAL places them in a category that allows a separate pistol grip and stock to be utilized. Although flash hiders are still disallowed, permanently attached muzzle brakes are permitted. FALs in this configuration are more appealing and can be obtained at a very reasonable cost. The availability of these “kit guns” has caused quite a resurgence of shooter interest in the classic FAL.

NOTE: Assembly of a FAL parts kit to a new receiver requires the services of a qualified gunsmith who is familiar with the weapon. In addition, be absolutely certain that you will be in compliance with all federal and local laws before undertaking such a project. There are several suppliers offering the FALs already assembled in various configurations.

As you read this article you can begin to get an idea of just how much our second amendment rights have deteriorated over the past decade. What will the next decade bring? Protect your rights, register and vote.

Sources for FAL receivers and part sets:

DSA Inc. 847-277-7258

Entreprise Arms 626-962-8712

Hesse Arms 651-455-5760

Inter-Ordnance 704-225-8843

SARCO Inc. 908-647-3800

As readers of SAR may know, I recently completed a military tour in Bosnia and was able to observe and handle many foreign weapons. One which caught my eye was that carried by the Belgium contingent – the Fabrique Nationale Carabine. Upon returning to America I kept on thinking about that FNC. I discovered they were available and decided (actually, my wife Linda gave me permission) to get one. A phone call to Gene Guilaroff, who has supplied me “black rifles” in the past, had an FNC Paratrooper with 18” barrel on the way to me.

After becoming quite familiar with my FNC, I wanted to learn more about it but quickly discovered there was little information available. Well, that situation has now ended with the publication of this two-part series on the FNC. This first article will provide a detailed overview of the rifle, including its background, technical details and operating characteristics. The second article, to be published shortly, will cover in detail its conversion to a factory-correct select fire weapon. Hint for all Class III enthusiasts: registered sears are plentiful and relatively inexpensive!

Installment 1 of the FN FNC in America.

Background

The birth of the FNC begins with its grandfather, the world famous FN FAL 7.62mm battle rifle. In the period 1963-66 as the arms market showed interest in smaller calibers, particularly the 5.56mm round, FN responded by designing the 5.56mm CAL rifle. Essentially the CAL was a smaller version of the FAL and continued to use the unique adjustable gas system. Unfortunately, the CAL was costly to manufacture/unreliable and therefore discontinued in 1975. It should be noted that 15-20 semiauto CAL’s were imported into America and sell (if available) for around $7500.

During 1974-76 FN redesigned the CAL into what we now know as the FNC. This was done for two reasons: 1) to compete in the 1976 Swedish arms tests and 1977-80 NATO cartridge evaluation trials; and, 2) to market a reliable 5.56mm rifle which could oppose the M16. Ultimately, in addition to Belgium, Sweden and Indonesia became licensed manufacturers of the FNC. At last count the FNC remains used by these three countries’ military forces and also is exported to parts of Asia and Africa.

Three importers are known to have brought semiauto FNC’s into the United States. Steyr of Secaucus, NJ and Howco of Laurel, MD brought in a total of about 1000 into the US during 1982-early ’83 timeframe. Gun South Inc. of Birmingham (later Trussville), AL imported approximately 5000 from mid 1983-88. When first imported in 1982 the price for an FNC was between $1000-1100. In 1985 this dropped to around $750 for either version to stimulate sales. In 1989 the importation of FNC’s, along with SIG, etc. was halted upon order of President Bush.

There were three imported versions of the FNC:

*Standard Model – Fixed stock with 18” barrel

*Paratroop Version 1 – Folding stock with 18” barrel

*Paratroop Version 2 – Folding stock with 16” barrel

Interestingly enough, while the folding/collapsing stock versions of military style weapons tend to be more rare, this is not the case with the FNC. Almost 90% of all imported FNC’s were the folding stock variation while the fixed stock comprised just 10% of the total. Also, the short 16” barrel is relatively uncommon and quite desirable.

Technical Details

Layout

The FNC is constructed of steel and aluminum alloys that are designed for reliability of operation and straightforward construction. Most of the parts are finished with a rugged satin black enamel which is baked on. The aluminum parts are black anodized while several steel items are dark gray parkerized.

With an overall length of 39.25” and unloaded weight of 8.3 lbs. (Para Version 1) it is of similar dimensions when compared to other 5.56mm rifles. The relationship of stock, trigger and handguard is excellent and readily lends itself to ease of handling and shooting. The handfilling front handguard is particularly well designed and remains cool to the touch even after periods of extended firing.

The trigger is designed by FN as a single-stage model and is fairly stiff. Trigger slack takeup requires 2.5 lbs. of pressure while sear disengagement needs an additional 8 lbs. to achieve release. Creep is typically .04-.05” which is well within specifications for a rifle designed for hard battlefield use.

The FNC is designed to use the NATO STANAG 4179 (Colt AR15-type) magazine. While a blued all-steel 30-round mag was originally available, it is generally hard to find and expensive. This is not a problem as the Colt 20 and 30-round versions work perfectly well and are found everywhere. For you serious collectors, the Beta-C mag should work properly in the FNC.

Receiver

The upper receiver is composed of stamped sheet steel with all welding performed robotically. The barrel extension, which includes the cartridge feed ramp, is spot welded into the front of the receiver. The rear of the receiver is given structural integrity by having the rear take down support also spot welded in. The rear sight assembly, too, is welded onto the receiver. To carry the bolt assembly, two U-shaped guide rails are spot welded inside the receiver. Next to the right guide rail is the ejector, which is riveted in place. Finally, to keep debris from getting inside the receiver there is a cocking slot cover which is spring loaded to ride over the cocking handle when the bolt assembly reciprocates.

The lower receiver is milled from aluminum alloy stock which is black anodized to reduce visibility. The magazine release is very similar to the Colt AR15 and is well positioned for one finger use. The trigger mechanism replicates the FALs’ and is easily accessible for maintenance. By rotating the safety switch vertically upwards it can be slid out to permit greater internal access for mechanism adjusting and/or replacement.

Barrel

The FNC’s imported into the US had two different length barrels. One was 18” and the other was 16”. Paratroop FNC’s came with both lengths while the standard fixed stock model came with the 18” version. Unlike the AR15, there has never been a heavyweight or “target” FNC barrel.

The barrel is hammer forged with a 6-groove RH twist which, is then hard chrome plated. Twist is 1/12” and designed to stabilize the US M193 55gr. bullet. It may not fully stabilize the newer US M855 62gr green tip slug. Interestingly enough, the Swedish Bofors-manufactured FNC (entered service in 1987 as the AK5) initially used a slow twist barrel due to humanitarian concerns about excessive wound trauma. They have since adopted the 1/7” twist as used on the M16A2 rifle.

The FNC barrel has a parkerized NATO-standard 22mm flash suppressor (LH thread!) which is very similar to the FAL “shorty” factory model. Flash suppression is adequate, but the main purpose of this device is to allow the mounting/launching of rifle grenades. Finally, the barrel is ribbed to support a clip-on bipod and front sling swivel.

Operating System

The gas-operated recoil system is a combination of the AK and FAL systems. A takeoff port in the barrel directs expanding gases through the gas block and into the gas tube. This tube carries the gas piston, which is part of the bolt carrier assembly. The gas slams into the head of the gas piston and forces the entire bolt carrier assembly to move backwards. As it begins moving to the rear, a camming action causes the bolt to unlock from the barrel extension and extract the spent cartridge case. Further bolt assembly movement causes the case to hit the ejector, recock the hammer and compress the recoil spring. The spring then drives back into battery the bolt carrier assembly, which strips off a fresh cartridge from the magazine and cams the bolt back into engagement with the barrel extension locking lugs. It is now ready for another round to be fired.

The FNC bolt is similar in size to an AR15 bolt and has two large dual-opposed locking lugs. The firing pin rides within the bolt, but is unusual in that it is retained by the bolt carrier and floats for 7mm. A firing pin spring is used so that an accidental inertia impact with the cartridge primer (which AR15’s are known to do) is eliminated. This firing pin is very thin and perhaps the weakest point in the FNC system.

Finally, the FNC gas system is adjustable in two separate ways. Should crud build up and more gas pressure is needed to cycle the action, an extension on the gas piston tube is rotated 90 degrees clockwise. This will cause the gas piston tube to close over an exhaust port located on the gas block and result in increased pressure being diverted against the gas piston head. The second adjustment is in regard to the firing of rifle grenades. By flipping up the grenade sight the gas is then cut off from flowing through the gas block and the FNC will not cycle. This permits the full force of the gas to be directed against the base of the grenade. Of course, a special ballistite (blank) cartridge is required to generate the high pressures required for launching.

Sights

Sights on the FNC are clearly in line with those of the FAL. The rear is an aperture type that flips into two positions: one for 250m and the other for 400m. It is protected from accidental knocks by two ears, which extend up from the base. Each adjusting click of the detent will traverse the bullet point-of-impact 1cm at 100m. The front sight is a spring-loaded post, which is also protected by two ears. Although there is no detent, each 1/4 turn of the post will elevate the bullet 1cm at 100m. While the sight adjusting function is performed with the combination tool, the Uzi SMG tool is also perfect for the job. Sight radius for the FNC is 20”.

Furniture

All the furniture on the FNC is rugged black plastic. The handguards are compression molded and riveted with brass nibs to steel liners. These liners give excellent structural integrity while being vented to dissipate the heat both forward and through the top. The pistolgrip is a direct takeoff from the FAL and is wedge shaped with a fairly steep rake to increase control while in rapid fire. The pistolgrip also contains the oiler/cleaning kit.

The sturdy folding stock is also a copy of the FAL paratroop unit. The two legs and buttpiece comprising the stock are made of aluminum, which has been finished in a baked-on satin black enamel. Also, the top leg of the buttstock is encased in plastic to reduce the effect of temperature extremes on the shooter’s face. The stock is fixed to the lower receiver via an aluminum mounting block which has been black anodized. To fold the stock, simply thumb aside the lock button, disengage the stock from the mounting block and fold against the right side of the rifle.

The fixed stock is also made of hard black plastic with a steel buttplate. It is mounted directly to the lower receiver via one screw. Swapping folding and fixed buttstocks is quite simple and requires no modifications to the bolt carrier, recoil mechanism, etc. Simply remove the screw, replace the stock, and reinstall the screw.

Spare Parts

Just recently the import of Indonesian-manufactured spare parts has taken place. Spare barrels, firing pins, magazines, tools, etc. are all available from Tampa Bay Military & Police Supply Inc. These items are officially licensed from FN and built to military specifications by the quasi-governmental firm of Bandung. Since Indonesia has been fighting terrorists and internal unrest for many years it is safe to say these parts have stood the test of time and will work quite well in the FNC. Two particularly interesting items are the 16” and 18” barrel assemblies with the 1/7” twist which will permit stabilization of the heavier M855 62gr. bullet.

Accessories

The FNC factory manual dated March, 1982, shows the following accessories to be available:

M16 Bayonet Adapter – This is attached to the barrel and permits the US M7 bayonet to be used. Otherwise, the FN “tubular” bayonet is used by sliding it over the NATO-standard 22mm flash suppressor.

Telescopic Sight – This is a superb 4×28 milspec scope manufactured by Hensoldt. It has the typical picket-post crosshair and sports an olive green finish. It is attached to the scope mount via two STANAG screws and is adjustable for windage and elevation.

Telescopic Sight Mount – This is a quick disconnect mount very similar to the SIG AMT design. The forward end of the mount is inserted into a cutout that is machined into a protrusion coming up from the barrel extension. The rear is then lowered until it lays against a dovetail which is part of the rear sight base. A lever on the mount is then pushed which cams into the dovetail. Neat, simple and very quick.

Bipod – This is a sturdy cast aluminum “claw clamp” design similar to the model used on the AR15. It functions by squeezing the spring-loaded legs together and placing the open mouth against the barrel. Releasing it will cause the mouth to close around the barrel and remain in place. With a working height of 11” it gives excellent support to the FNC.

Combination Tool – This tool is very handy for cleaning the gas piston, gas block port and adjusting the sights. Normally quite difficult to find, it is now being imported by Tampa Bay Military & Police Supply Inc. and an excellent addition to the tool box.

Operating Characteristics

The FNC is a fun firearm to shoot. Its simple, yet solid, construction gives it a balance and heft which yields confidence. Whether in the paratroop or fixed stock versions, it remains an excellent firearm to employ.

To load the FNC simply insert the magazine into the feed well and push until it locks into place. Grasping the cocking handle on the right side of the receiver, pull it to the rear and release smartly. A round will be chambered. Take it off safe, aim through the sights and press the trigger. Recoil is well dampened and presses directly back into the shoulder. Recovery onto the target is rapid for followup shots.

Accuracy testing with 210 rounds of first quality (not surplus) IMI M193 ball ammo provided by Cole Distributing revealed my particular FNC fired a consistent 10-round group of 2 1/2 MOA. This was with iron sights and stiff trigger, while the average velocity clocked at 3281 fps. The accuracy with this particular FNC/cartridge combination was outstanding and exceeds any military requirement I am aware of. One comment: many shooters avoid “surplus fodder” due to concerns about overpressure, corrosion, etc. This is clearly not true with Cole’s .223 IMI cartridge. It is very accurate/clean burning and is highly recommended!

For reloading purposes the FNC is not as friendly as the AR15. Most cases being ejected from the FNC are dented due to impacting the cocking slot cover. Unlike the H&K series of rifles, there is no optional ejection port buffer to snap on and reduce case damage.

Breaking down and cleaning the FNC is similar to the AR15. First, take out the magazine and make sure the chamber is empty. Cock the weapon and place it on safe. Push out the two captive takedown pins that connect the upper and lower receivers together. Grasp the cocking handle and retract the entire bolt carrier assembly towards the rear. As the handle reaches the cutout at the rear of the cocking slot pull it (the handle) out from the bolt carrier assembly. Use your finger to slide out the bolt carrier assembly from the upper receiver rails.

Next, press on the recoil spring retainer plate and rotate it 1/4 turn in either direction. This will disconnect the recoil spring/guide from its attachment point inside the gas piston. Slowly withdraw it towards the rear as spring tension is released. Finally, separate the bolt from the bolt carrier by rotating it 1/4 turn counterclockwise and remove it from the bolt carrier. Be careful the firing pin spring does not accidentally fall off the pin and get lost! Remove the handguards by snapping off their spring retainer clip located in front of the gas block.

Cleaning the FNC is very simple. Standard solvents and oils are used, but make sure all ammonia-based products do not come into contact with the aluminum lower receiver. It will attack non-ferrous metal! Cleaning the barrel from the breech end is simple and the only proper way to do so. Make especially sure you address the receiver extension where the bolt locks up as it will harbor a good amount of crud. Other places to make sure are clean include the hard chromed gas piston area, the gas tube it travels in and the gas block with its porting hole. For really stubborn carbon deposits in these areas I use a wooden popsicle stick or the combination tool to scrap them away.

Reassembly is the reverse of disassembly. Items to watch for include making sure the cocking handle is placed back into the bolt carrier assembly (it’s easy to forget) and the gas selector lever is placed into the “normal” and not full power position.

Conclusion

The FN FNC is one of the “best kept secrets” in military-style rifles to be imported into America. It is clearly one of the best. When comparing its cost to similar imports the true value of the FNC will become even more apparent. In fact, I consider it one of the few remaining “bargains” to be found. Where else can you get a firearm of this type from an internationally respected manufacturer for the price of a green label AR15?

Firing the low recoil and commonly available 5.56mm cartridge makes it a pleasure to shoot and even easier on the pocketbook. Further, its supply of high capacity magazines is assured for years to come. As an additional incentive, the import of licensed spare parts has begun and will keep the FNC running long into the future.

Fabrique Nationale’s FNC until now has been little known in America and deserves much greater respect than has been accorded. Belgium, Indonesia, Sweden and a host of other armed forces cannot be wrong. Now, with your knowledge of the FNC, you will not be either.

Stay tuned for a future article on how to convert the FNC to select fire – with registered transferable factory parts!

Arclight
Attn: Gene Guilaroff
PO Box 173
Alvaton, KY 42122
(502) 622-7309

Tampa Bay Military &
Police Supply, Inc.
Attn: Dana Reed
501 S. Falkenburg Rd.
Tampa, FL 33619
(813) 662-9433
fullauto@gte.net

Cole Distributing, Inc.
Attn: Gary Cole
PO Box 50271
Bowling Green, KY 42102-2871
(502) 843-6844
www.cole-distributing.com

In this column, Small Arms Review will track breaking news, emerging trends, and new products as they effect the small arms industry. Its journalist/photographer author specializes in covering the business and marketing aspects of the firearms industry.

Colt’s Manufacturing To Acquire Fabrique National

A major business story has emerged during the compilation of this initial column offering. Colt’s Manufacturing Co., the old-line New England “gun valley” based police, military and sporting firearms manufacturer, has signed a letter of intent to acquire the financially strapped Herstal, Belgium-based military and sporting armsmaker, Fabrique National (FN). Colt is reportedly offering three billion francs (or $82.4 million) in its bid to purchase the 92% stake in FN held by GIAT Industries, a French government owned mega defense contractor.

The consummation of the deal could result in Colt’s becoming the small arms powerhouse of the world. Within FN’s holdings, are American gunmakers Browning and Winchester licensee U.S. Repeating Arms Co. as well as an FN owned, South Carolina plant which manufactures M16 rifles for the U.S. military. Culmination of the transaction would help to restore Colt’s pride in the military arena after losing the M16 contract to FN several years ago.

While the deal would give Colt’s products in every major small arms category, the firm is not too keen on acquiring Browning. In a recent interview with the Hartford (CT) Courant, chief executive Ronald Stewart said during negotiations to acquire FN, Colt officials tried to leave Browning out of arrangement, expressing feelings that FN’s Winchester firearms and military businesses would better expand and complement Colt’s line. But GIAT insisted that the businesses not be broken up.

Blount wants Federal

Meanwhile, highly placed trade sources indicate Blount, Inc., the shooting sports company conglomerate, which has just announced its intention of acquiring Federal Cartridge Co. and has said its future expansion plans are dependant upon acquisitions, has been looking at buying Browning. It may even acquire Browning from Colt, after the acquisition of FN is completed.

Colt’s is not planning to cut jobs in its West Hartford, Connecticut plant as a result of its pending FN purchase, Stewart added. He said the company would remain at its present site for six or seven years. Colt’s workforce has remained at about 730 employees during the past year. The gunmaker’s negotiators in the FN acquisition reportedly attempted to make cuts in FN’s European workforce but were unable to gain concessions from labor unions, according to trade sources.

In commenting on the lackluster state at present of most firearms firms, Stewart concluded, “The industry is ripe for consolidation. You’ve really got two choices. You’re either a consolidator or you get consolidated.”

Business Notes

An invaluable reference aid to all sorts of firearms (including full-autos) has just been published by Gun Parts Corporation (226 Williams Lane, West Hurley, NY 12491). The “World Guide To Gun Parts Catalog” Edition #21 is the firm’s largest catalog ever, at over 850 pages. Offering over one-half billion gun parts (many of which are available exclusively from Gun Parts Corp.) it is well worth its purchase price of $7.95 including postage. An especially valuable feature to professional armorers, gunsmiths and hobbyists is the over 450 schematic drawings detailing firearm components.

Theft!

Thieves intent on stealing a machine gun broke into the Potomac Trading Post, a retailer in Kensington, Maryland one night recently and stole a fully automatic AK-47 rifle, according to the Maryland Licensed Firearms Dealers Association. Montgomery County, Maryland police were reported as saying the criminal(s) broke into a safe and removed the gun, which had no magazine attached. No other firearms were taken during the incident.

Bennelli and HK to go separate ways

Benelli and Heckler & Koch (HK), two firms which maintain a significant presence in the police and military market segments, as well as the consumer side, will go their separate ways as of January 1. The two firms had been operating out of HK’s Virginia facility. Beretta USA, which owns part of Benelli, Inc., will set up a sales and distribution office inside the Beretta plant in Accokeek, Maryland but will operate Benelli separately.

FATS

Firearms Training Systems, Inc. (FATS) of Suwanee, Georgia, a leading producer of interactive small arms simulation systems, has been awarded contracts with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the New York City Police Department (NYPD). Both agencies currently use FATS interactive training simulation systems. The award by the FBI is for an additional ten systems and the NYPD placed an order for four new systems as well as an upgrade of one of their existing FATS systems.

And in the international arena, FATS has received a contract from the Israeli Army to provide an interactive training simulation system together with 36 weapon simulators and spares. The contracts includes options for the purchase of up to an additional eight simulation systems.

Over its 13-year history, FATS has developed over 180 types of simulated weapons including submachine guns, pistols and revolvers, anti-armor rocket launchers, cannons and mortars. It also has produced approximately 100 laser discs containing more than 1,000 training scenarios. The company believes it is critical to accurate training that its simulated weapons have the same physical functions and operational characteristics as an actual firearm such as weight, timing of fire, recoil, potential for malfunction and loading procedures.

A typical simulated firearm will include an infra-red laser, gas piston actuators, valves, electronic sensors, a localized computer controller, specialized recoil buffers, gas lines, ports and wiring. The majority of the simulated firearms are modified from actual guns or assembled from arms kits purchased from third party suppliers. To date, the company has sold more than 2,000 training systems in the U.S. and in over 30 other countries.

New Products

A new high quality carbine of particular interest to police agencies is available from North American Integrated Technologies ( [NAIT], 590 Menlo Drive, Suite 8, Rocklin, CA 95765). The M16K .45 ACP semi-auto carbine is based on the time-proven M16 but designed to utilize Thompson submachine gun magazines. Hand-built and hand-assembled to assure accuracy and absolute reliability, it has a unique bolt and buffer system to reduce felt recoil and internal stresses on the mechanism. The combination of built-in muzzle brake, heavy tubular steel handguard, and balanced center of operation is said to permit fire with no muzzle climb. Accuracy is guaranteed at 1 MOA at 100 yards.

A couple of other new NAIT items are worthy of note. The XLR rangefinder is specifically designed for long distance shooting up to 2,200 meters with an accuracy of +/- one meter. The waterproof, lightweight and relatively low cost XLR features simple point-and-measure operation and has applications for police, military and professional shooting
competition.

NAIT’s Black Cat Gen III 18mm night vision weapon sight is a cutting edge image intensifier tube suitable for combat use. Its compact size and “keep it simple” design gives users complete flexibility and maneuverability while yielding night vision target detection and acquisition. It is currently in use in special operations throughout the world.

Mace Security International, Inc., the Bennington, Vermont-based chemical munitions firm is reshuffling its top management. Directors have elected two new members to their board, and the president, who was on the job only two months, has given up his post to co-founder Jon E. Goodrich, the company said. Meanwhile, Robert P. Gould, another of the firm’s founders, has resigned as a director.

Frangible ammo

Longbow, Inc. (P.O. Box 624, Burns Flat, OK 73624) has added new products to its line of non-toxic frangible ammunition. Its 12 gauge 2 3/4-inch breaching slug, which functions in standard law enforcement shotguns without requiring a “stand-off” attachment, now has improved accuracy for use at normal training and confrontation distances. The new 12 gauge frangible buckshot round is available for training and service use in “hardened” areas such as jails and court houses.

Longbow intends to offer a service round in every caliber commonly utilized by law enforcement. For example, the popularity of the .380 ACP cartridge as an off duty, back-up and undercover caliber has prompted the company to come out with a frangible loading in this cartridge. For marksmen, match grade frangible ammo is now available in .223 Remington and .308 Winchester loadings.

The .357 SIG, relatively new but gaining acceptance within the police community (it is being issued by the Delaware State Police and the Texas Department of Public Safety, among others, according to Longbow) has induced Longbow to bring out of a cartridge in this caliber. The 95 grain frangible bullet has a velocity of 1,550 fps and delivers a muzzle energy of 453 foot-pounds. And for those agencies issuing carbines instead of shotguns to their officers (such as the Ruger Mini-30), a 7.62×39 frangible cartridge is sold with a 120 grain bullet traveling at 2,200 fps at the muzzle and yielding a muzzle energy of 1,288 foot-pounds.