Background of the creation of the AX PSR

The Accuracy International AX PSR was developed to compete in USSOCOM’s solicitation H92222-09-PSR2 for a “Precision Sniper Rifle” on 15 January 2009. The essence behind this solicitation and the numerous amendments that followed resulted in a final request for a modular rifle that could be quickly transformed from a 7.62mm to a .300 Winchester Magnum to a .338 Lapua Magnum (not necessarily in that order). The official reason for the solicitation was to possibly replace the MK13, M40 and M24 platforms.

Owning an AX PSR allowed us to put it through its paces as we desired, with no limitations. With the generous contribution of Fiocchi in providing us with 400 rounds of match grade (Fiocchi EXO) ammo and the use of both private and public ranges, we hope to have provided a close up view of this fantastic rifle and what it can achieve despite a major setback due to nature: very heavy snowfall the night before long range testing.

The original SOCOM solicitation stemmed from the fact that it was necessary to change/upgrade the then current sniper platforms in use in the U.S. The principle calibers in use were the 7.62mm that was great for up to a generally accepted effective range of 800m and the .300 Winchester Magnum that was good for a few hundred more meters/yards. The .338 Lapua Magnum (the L115A3 Accuracy International rifle) in use by the British Army was proving to be an exceptionally good extended range round, both in terms of accuracy, range and knockdown power. It clearly did not possess the same terminal kinetic energy as a .50 BMG, however, that is hardly necessary when discussing knocking down the enemy as the .50 BMG comes into its own as an anti-material round.

Briefly, the barrels (one could expect that to mean to specifically change caliber, that is to say, barrel, bolt and magazine) within two minutes, though up to twenty minutes were noted during the go/no-go phase, the same applied to major breakdown of the weapon and subsequent reassembly. The rifle should have a folding stock, overall maximum length not to exceed 52 inches and no individual component to exceed 40 inches and a 1913 rail was a must. In terms of accuracy, using commercial ammunition, a maximum vertical spread (this spread was chosen to at least partially negate the lateral effect of wind) of 1 MOA (minute of arc) from 300 out 1,500 and the intervening 300m intervals was essential, no single 10 shot group should exceed 1.5 MOA. An 80% confidence rate had to be achieved with at least 1,000 rounds fired before any potential failure. The entire platform loaded with 5 rounds should not weigh more than 18 lbs.

An important factor was that after disassembly and reassembly of the weapon, the zero should be maintained and finally, how the sniper platform should be delivered. The major components specifically requested were: the rifle including the barrels, bolts and three magazines per caliber, sound suppressor (not in our case as sound suppressors are illegal for civilian use where we reside), mirage mitigating device, operator manual, sling, cleaning kit, bipod, drag bag and the hard carrying case. All the above in the case the rifle tested meant a total weight (including the scope with no ammo) of about 115 pounds.

Accuracy International

Accuracy International was founded in 1978 by a group of top level competition shooters, most notably a two-time Olympic Gold medalist: Malcolm Cooper. The idea was to produce rifles that had the precision of rifles used in top level competitions as well as have the ruggedness required by rifles used by law enforcement as well as the armed forces. The range of rifles produced are household names for most shooters: AE, AW and the AX series. To the best of our knowledge the only non-bolt action rifle ever produced by the company was the semiautomatic AS50 (as the name suggests, it is a .50 BMG) produced to respond to the request of a certain section of the U.S. Navy. The rifles are used in at least 60 countries under different denominations in some cases, however, they are minor modifications. The L115A3 (.338 Lapua Magnum rifle set an official world record confirmed kill in November 2009 at a range of 1.54 miles or 2.47km). The company is quite right to want to maintain its reputation for being the best producer of sniper rifles in the world.

The AX PSR

The AX PSR has been designed in such a way that changing barrels is extremely simple because of the solidity of the action body and the generous dimensions of the barrel thread (a protective cover is provided for both muzzle brake and barrel thread when not attached to the rifle). The thread has a 13/1 inch twist rate and a diameter of 1.07 inches with a length at either end of the thread and 1.18 inches at the threads. The length of the entire barrel thread section that interlocks with the action is 1.5 inches.

The AX PSR when empty weighs in at 14.5lbs (6.6kg), fully extended it is 49.75 inches (1.26m) long, (well short of the originally required limit) and folded it is 39.5 inches (1.03m) long (just under said limit). The trigger pull is long and smooth and is set at between 1.5kg and 2.0kg.

All the barrels are 26 inches long with four grooves and all have identical muzzle brakes attached (a UK specification in our case, clearly larger than the one for the U.S.

A 4mm Allen (Hex) key is contained in the upper internal part of the cheek piece. It can essentially be used to almost totally dissemble the rifle; just the screws on the scope mount are beyond its ability.

The barrels are made from match grade stainless steel (AISI416) and are all 26 inches long. They are slightly conical with the external diameter at the muzzle being 22 mm (.88 inches) for all three calibers. There are small but significant differences externally in order to identify the barrel even in the dark.

The 7.62mm barrel has a 1 in 12 twist rate and is identified by a single indented white dot near the muzzle; the same applies to the bolt of the 7.62mm. The .300 Winchester Magnum barrel has a 1 in 11 twist rate and is identified by two indented yellow dots near the muzzle; again the same procedure for its bolt. The .338 Lapua Magnum barrel has a 1 in 9.3 twist rate and is identified by three indented red dots near the muzzle and the same applies to the bolt.

This system clearly helps when changing caliber in the dark. The magazines have also been given differentiating marks/forms to avoid loading the wrong magazine especially in the case of two similar in size magazines such as the .338LM and the .300WM. The 7.62mm is a classic double stack magazine with no lip on the bottom, the same shape as for other Accuracy International rifles of the same caliber. The .300WM on the other hand has a pronounced lip at the base, clearly distinguishing it from the larger .338 LM caliber as that magazine is a normal flat bottom.

The muzzle brake is very large and extremely effective. There is very little recoil irrespective of caliber despite the Fiocchi EXO ammunition being quite potent. As a simple test whilst shooting at the gongs, we turned the muzzle brake about 45 degrees. The difference was impressive: with the muzzle brake set correctly, the reticle would stay on target, once changed at 500m range the reticle shifted about four to five meters. Not a great surprise but an aspect that many underestimate when toying with muzzle brakes. At the fore of the muzzle brake there is a ring that can be unwound and a suppressor added as well as unwinding the muzzle brake and attaching one more classically designed directly to the barrel.

Changing Calibers – Barrels, Bolts and Magazines

This is surprisingly easy and took no member of the team, shooter or bystander more than one and one half minutes to change caliber, i.e.: barrel, magazine and bolt and safely stow the exchanged equipment.

First, fold the stock of the rifle by depressing the release button next to the folding joint for ease of subsequent extraction and insertion of a new bolt. Cock the bolt so that the firing pin is clearly visible, then put the safety lever to the first position (the second of the three clearly visible safety circles) and extract the bolt having depressed the bolt release catch. Press the pin bolt and with the bolt in one hand turn the bolt shroud anticlockwise and after just over half a turn, the shroud including the firing pin will simply release. Get the new bolt and do the reverse and insert the new bolt into position and then straighten the stock. The bolts, as is the case with all Accuracy International bolts, are very well designed and made as well as being very robust, 0.9 inches in diameter (22mm). One should not forget the impressive 6 front locking lugs, two sets of three, very solid and zero movement when locked and the bolts move like a dream even just slightly oiled.

Second, for ease of twisting the barrel at a right angle, the rifle was raised and the butt put on the floor after having extracted the Allen key from the cheek piece. After a bit more than a full turn on the barrel clamping screw, the barrel could be twisted by hand and extracted. The new barrel could then be inserted and then tightening the barrel clamping screw using the Allen key. (Clearly, one must be careful not to overdo it and break the threads. The recommended torque is 5.0 to 5.5 Nm.) There is a helpful guide when screwing on the barrel to make sure that it is locked in position before using the Allen key: there is a barrel flange inspection slot painted red: by looking through that slot one can quickly check whether full contact has been made and lock the screw. If the barrel is stuck or stiff to pull out, there is a clear flat area on both sides of the barrel just before the muzzle brake where a 22mm spanner can be used for leverage.

Third, changing magazines is the simplest part. Depress the release catch and extract the magazine and insert the new one.This procedure is simpler for the two magnum calibers as the magazines fit perfectly. However, the 7.62mm magazine requires that an adapter be inserted in the same manner as a magazine. A click will be heard once it is in position as the retaining plunger button becomes clearly visible on the extractor side of the rifle (right hand firing rifle). In order to release the magazine, press the release button and extract the magazine as normal, then use the Allen key to depress the retaining plunger and push the adapter out.

The AX PSR is one of the only sniper platforms, if not the only one from this solicitation that has ten round capacity magazines as standard for all three calibers with three magazines per caliber as requested provided.

The Rail and Bipod

The rail, as per USSOCOM request, is a 1913 type and made from very light but high resistance alloy. All manner of optics and devices can be attached on all four sides of the rail. There is plenty of space between the rails and the fully freefloating barrels within. The rail can be released very easily by using the Allen key and unscrewing two retaining screws locked into the chassis, via the polymer lower chassis. In the U.S., that is sufficient. If using a UK style muzzle brake that should be removed, simply unscrew it with the Allen key and unwind it, this being due to the much larger muzzle brake.

The AX PSR can clearly use any type of bipod that can be attached to a rail. In our case we have the factory bipod for the PSR, which is attached and released by simply depressing the release catch. This particular bipod can be attached at any point along the rail by simply unscrewing the two retaining screws. The bipod legs can be extended like that of a Harris BR bipod and either be used in a fixed position by tightening the star shaped device or free moving for uneven terrain. It is very wide at the base and extremely low allowing for great stability.

The Receiver

This rifle, although highly modular, has one central piece that is essentially produced from a single block of steel. The chassis, action, trigger mechanism and pistol grip are all basically housed in one block. This makes it very robust, obviously having been designed to be able to house the largest caliber – the .338 Lapua Magnum – and it can easily accommodate the other calibers in terms of recoil and pressures. A Picatinny rail has been incorporated onto the action and guarantees more stability for the telescopic sights especially when fixed by the mono block rings by three retaining screws and a retaining lug that fits perfectly in the rail for even more stability and safety.

The Stock

The stock has been made from high grade alloys and polymer. The instant visual difference between this stock and that of the normal AX rifles is that this is skeletal.

The stock, despite appearing fragile, is actually solid and comfortable to grip given the multitude of adjustments that can be had in adjusting the height and horizontal distance of the cheek piece as well as extension of the butt if desired. The butt, too, can be adjusted 360 degrees. The rear grip is also adjustable in a horizontal direction.

The shape of the alloy part of the stock that gives the stock its strength would also seem to have been designed with the tip of the triangle towards the action and two parallel lines going to the butt in order to better spread the recoil pressure. It is clear that the strong and light alloys have been used where mechanical stress/strain is involved and the polymer for “comfort.”

The Scope

The scope mounted on our AX PSR is the same one that won the USSOCOM contract. It is a Schmidt & Bender 5-25×56 PM II/LP/MTC/LT with the addition of an extension with a honeycomb filter. The model mounted on our PSR has the P4L fein (L meaning that the center of the crosshairs can be illuminated) reticle set in the second focal plane. The click values are 1/4 MOA on both elevation and windage turrets. This scope is essentially the same as the classical 5-25×56 PM II/LP apart from the color. It also has a locking function by using the supplied Allen key to block the elevation and windage turrets. The scope without the honeycomb extension weighs in at 1.15kg (about 2.53 lbs.) and is 41 cm long (16.1 inches). The tube is 34 mm thick. On a clear day at 800m, one can see near misses enter the snow in the mountain – not the splash but the a darkish hole of a direct entry into deep snow.

The scope is very robust and the various turrets/drums for parallax, elevation, windage and illumination can all be used easily with shooting gloves in the cold. The same applies to the thick rubber magnification ring as well as the eyepiece diopter.

The Ammunition

We are most grateful that Fiocchi provided us with 400 rounds of very high grade competition ammunition called EXO in order to test the AX PSR. This ammunition has been very specially designed and is produced by hand at the head office factory of Fiocchi in Lecco in northern Italy.

We received 100 rounds of .308W HPDT in 175 gr. and a further 100 rounds of .300 Win Mag HPBT in 190 gr. We then also received two lots of 100 rounds of .338 Lapua Magnum rounds: 250gr and 300gr.

Test Procedure

As we had 400 rounds with which to do a lot of work it was decided to divide the rounds as follows for each of the four lots. Due to the above mentioned limitations and the atrocious weather we could not replicate the original tests, especially talking it out to the full 1,500m:

• 5 rounds to zero the rifle at 100m
• 10 rounds for chronograph tests at the Vigevano shooting range whom we thank for their time and patience. This allowed a basic ballistics table to be created to use as much ammo as possible in the tests in the range and mountains without wasting too much on “climbing” towards the target.
• 10 rounds for 2 five shot groups at 100m
• 10 rounds for 2 five shot groups at 300m
• 20 rounds for shooting at 5 by 5 inch gongs at 500m
• 20 rounds for shooting at 5 by 5 inch gongs at 600m
• 10 rounds for shooting at 5 by 5 inch gongs at 800m
• 5 rounds were the most that could be spared to correct if the calculations were too far off.

When shooting at the range, we used standard procedure where each shooter attending the range has one hour, therefore, we fired our groups of 40 rounds per distance in one hour including changing barrels.

All shooting was done from a prone position using the bipod with the butt against the shoulder with no other form of support such as rear bench rests, sandbags, etc.

An important premise that should be made is that these four hundred rounds are the first that this AX PSR has fired and was taken out of the box. Therefore, there is no breaking in of the barrel, a few rounds to zero the weapon and test the robustness of the rifle by dunking it and the scope in snow filling the magazine, chamber (partially) and muzzle brake with snow. The first round was understandably harder than normal to chamber because of the compressed snow, however, it fired without problem and there were no stoppages and shots were on target.

We had to resort to using gongs as opposed to firing groups onto paper targets as it was physically impossible to go across the valley and up the side of the mountain with the targets due to the very heavy overnight snow.

Results

All shooting on the mountain was filmed with HD video as we could not physically set up, let alone take down paper targets, hence the sole use of 5 by 5 inch gongs (the smallest available at all ranges).

Below are the average speeds recorded at the Campo di Tiro di Monte Varro: the main atmospherics were as follows: 21F (-6°C), 82% humidity, pressure 892 mb and elevation 996m (3,267 feet).

The following average speeds were taken at the shooting range of Vigevano: the main atmospherics were as follows: 54F (12.3°C), 74.3% humidity, pressure 1000 mb and elevation 116 m (380 feet).

The results in the mountains were surprisingly good seeing as how we had treated the rifle with a good immersion in the snow. It took 3 shots to hit the 500 m gong from our initial 100 m zero. We easily stayed well within the 80% confidence rate required by the USSOCOM go/no go tests, most cases we were at 100%. Most of the shooting took place below the minimum temperature as dictated in the go/no go program: 40F. The gongs were 5 by 5 inches; therefore, even in the worst case scenario we were well within the 1 MOA. From video evidence, half that easily as the strikes are clearly visible especially with the .338LM rounds. The gongs did a number of full 360 degrees that was both gratifying as a shooter and entertaining for those watching.

Then came the range tests involving two sets of 5-round groups per lot at 100 m and 300 m.

Groupings at 100 m at 16:00-17:00, 26°F, 656 feet, 50% humidity, 1003mb.



Groupings at 300 m at 10:00-11:00, 23° F, 656 feet, 64% humidity, 999mb.



The follow measurements refer to the maximum vertical spreads, which is one of the principal yardsticks as it could partially negate the effects of wind.

Groupings at 100 m at 16:00-17:00, 26° F, 656 feet, 50% humidity, 1003mb.



Groupings at 300 m at 10:00-11:00, 23° F, 656 feet, 64% humidity, 999mb.

All the targets have been legally certified and the shooting director at Monte di Varro also confirmed the hits as well them being on HD video. Clearly, the groupings are not the tightest, however, as always, the principal error is down to the shooter.

Conclusion

Testing a number of AW series rifles we were both rather skeptical of the robustness of such a skeletal design and the accuracy of having a multi-caliber firing platform not to mention not being fans of folding stocks. After these tests, we are glad to say that we both misjudged the rifle on all counts and believe it to be a superb sniper platform. We had a few days of total freedom and 400 rounds to test the AX PSR in a variety of atmospheric conditions and height elevations and it proved superb all-round.

One final thanks must go to Accuracy International for such a outstanding rifle that when it was zeroed at 100m all three caliber rounds ended up in the same hole. Just as pleasing was the fact that at 300 m there was never more than a 10 cm (4 inch) difference in point of impact when firing one round per caliber at the same target. We had initially been worried about how such different calibers with their varied ballistic properties could be fired in a user friendly manner with just one scope.

We would like to thank the shooting range of Campo di Tiro di Monte Varro (the mountain range), especially Ernesto Fabris and Battista who risked life and limb to get myself, my colleague and the spotter up the mountain where no one else could. Mr. Luciano Turani owner of Armeria 911 for kind permission for using their range and facilities and allowing us free reign.

Barrel

The barrel of the L1A1 is 21 inches long and has a twist rate of 1 in 11.9 inches. It weighs 12 ounces and the rifling is composed of four grooves. The rifle was chambered for the NATO 7.62mm round. A distinctive long and slender flash suppressor with a catch (just behind the flash suppressor) to lock on the bayonet such as the No.5 Mk1 model, this allows even a casual observer to notice the difference between the SLR and other members and derivatives of the FN FAL family. There are some variations that can be made to launch grenades and attach its simple sighting device. The barrel is rather slender and hence prone to deform after prolonged firing, which as a consequence, as with any rifle, will alter the point of impact. Being an infantry rifle it is not such a massive problem.

Body

The body of the rifle can be broken into two main components: the lower receiver and the body barrel group (upper receiver). The butt trigger group is composed of the stock, trigger mechanism, pistol grip, fire selector/safety lever as well as the joint pin holding both bodies together. The body barrel group has the magazine housing, its hold open lever, the entire gas system including the piston and spring, the barrel including the fore and rear iron sights, the cover and the breech body assembly including firing pin. From an ergonomic point of view the L1A1 was at the vanguard at the time of inception, it allowed to the soldier to use their left hand to push the lever from safety to semiautomatic and in most non commonwealth countries onto full automatic mode whilst keeping a firm grip on the rifle via the pistol grip and the butt stock firmly against the shoulder. In order to break open the body barrel group, one needs to cock the rifle and then press the lever that is on the left hand side of the rifle between the end of the body barrel group and the stock. The lever is on the left side along with the cocking handle, the ejection port is on the right hand side. The two bodies remain connected by the joint and retainer pin that is found between the magazine housing and the trigger guard. This can be opened very simply with either a coin or a screwdriver and once unscrewed it is a simple matter to push the retainer pin, essentially a cylinder through and thereby separating the two bodies completely.

In order to execute a field strip, no tools are required. The SLR should be cocked, the magazine extracted and the “upper receiver” opened by pressing the lever as mentioned and pulling the breech block assembly out by gripping the slide rod (rat’s tail), then slide the cover off. The gas plug is next; depress the knob on the side of the gas plug and rotate. Extract slowly, otherwise, the spring loaded piston will fly out. The magazines generally were designed to hold twenty rounds, although the magazine catch on the L1A1 is slightly wider than the “metric” FNs. The L1A1 was able to insert the Bren L4 light machine gun 30-round magazines too, although that was not widespread.

Stock

The shape of the L1A1’s stock is different to that of the other FALs and as time passed, the stocks and the forehand grip, which were originally made from beech wood, were replaced by synthetic materials, a type of polymer, more specifically a type 6 aliphatic polyamide and stiffened with carbon fiber and colored black giving it the look that most people associate with the rifle. The inside of the stock contains the very powerful return spring (this should never be taken out unless one has the correct equipment as there is no operational reason for taking it). The forehand grip is a classical rounded triangular shape with long slim vents to help cool the barrel. Some FALs had bipods attached to the forehand grip; some famous examples are the Austrian Stg 58 and the Israeli FALO. The heavier barrelled FN FALs became LMGs (Light Machine Guns) such as the Canadian C2 and the Australian L2A2. These Commonwealth rifles were based on the L1A1 but had the capacity to fire full automatic as befits a machine gun. The bipods when not in use would be folded back and hug the underside of the forehand grip and practically reach the firing chamber.

Sights

The iron sights on the L1A1 are traditional rear aperture sights and a well-protected foresight. There are two versions of the rear sight: one had a single aperture and the second had two different sized apertures (to facilitate close and long range aiming). All the rear sights when not in use can be folded forward to avoid any potential damage. The rear sight’s slide on an incline going up from the rear in order to fire better aimed shots at different distances by sliding the rear sight up and down the incline. There are also counter screws attached to the rear sight system to regulate windage.

The foresight is directly above the gas plug and is protected by two steel plates that also serve as a reference when taking aim. The foresight can be raised or lowered by loosening a small screw that blocks the foresight in position. Merely loosen the screw and swivel the foresight in the desired direction. Afterwards simply tighten the blocking screw again.

The main method of firing the L1A1 was by using the iron sights. However, in time, some QCB sights were made available to some units – the L2A2 SUIT, also known as the “Trilux,” a delicate and lumpy device filled with inert gas.

The SLR in the Field

The L1A1, commonly known as the SLR, is a battle proven weapon and is highly respected by those that used it. It is extremely simple to field strip and has a lot of tolerance, though not as much as an AK47 (its main rival). However, the L1A1 packs more of a punch and when looked after (basic cleaning of the weapon can be done very swiftly) and blockages cleared just as quickly unless an extremely rare mechanical failure in the weapon occurred.

Most of the world recognized the L1A1 during the Falklands conflict and plenty has been written about it there as well as some smaller conflicts around the world.

One of the main criticisms that detractors of the L1A1 go on about is its inability to operate well in rough and or dusty terrain. Therefore, we decided to ask a number of members of the Rhodesian regular army and special forces what they think/thought of the L1A1 (as well as close relatives such as the Portuguese G3 and South African R1) used in the insurrection leading to the handing over of power of the “bread basket of Africa” to the dictator Mugabe in what is now called Zimbabwe. There are quotes, many will identify with them, however, these come from no blogs but actual conversations with those in involved in the conflict and their unambiguous opinion of the L1A1 and their rival the AK47. It should be remembered that like the British Army, the Rhodesians were well trained and disciplined.

For the safety of those who expressed their candid opinions, we have disclosed no names as Mugabe could still represent a threat to them and their families should any be unfortunate enough to live there still. Clearly, as this is about the L1A1, no operations will be described. The request for Rhodesian army/SF combatants to give their personal opinion is more meaningful than the blogs/forums written by those who never used it in combat, especially over many years as in the case of the counter insurgency operations in Rhodesia (Southern Rhodesia to be even more precise).

The soldiers will be shown as letters to protect identity, to save space, only the five that covered all bases mentioned by others have been used (actual quotes):

“A” I preferred the 7.62 FN to the AK as the rounds went through trees that ters (terrorists) were hiding behind while the 7.62 intermediate round that the AK used wouldn’t. The NATO round had a 7 ton hitting force where the communist round had a 5 ton hitting, furthermore, in all the years of fire force (the use of helicopters to transport infantry rapidly to hotspots or take out specific targets) and externals I never had a stoppage or a jam.

“B” AK shorter easier to manipulate did not jam. Close better but long FN more accurate powerful went through trees removing them as effective cover.

“C” There are numerous debates on this subject and most Rhodesians are biased towards the SLR/FN because that was their rifle and not their “gun.” That said, certain “special forces” soldiers might have favored the AK47 due to operating on externals where the AK was good pseudo camouflage, lighter, maneuverable, etc. As “A” and “B” have stated above, the AK had less hitting power but was more robust in terms of maintenance. The AK was also infinitely less accurate than the SLR/FN. The SLR/FN needed constant maintenance, particularly in terms of gas regulation and moving parts but, Rhodesian soldiers were issued with kits for such. I doubt many of the enemy carried 4×2 cloths and gun oil to service their AKs. In my opinion (and I am biased) with correct maintenance the SLR/FN was a far better “killer.”

“D” I was trained and deployed using the R1/SLR and agree with the above comments. I do disagree with the G3 comment though… used this on ops with the square hand guard (that didn’t rattle or burn you after 2 mags) and the nylon stock used on the R1. ..GREAT weapon. Fluted chamber so no stoppages, longer sight radius and the empties were ejected almost back to hell and gone.

“E” Advantages of 7.62x51mm NATO standard ammo and weapon systems FN FAL/R1/SLR/G3 greater accuracy over long range (+/- 600m individual capability) kinetic energy/knock dower power. Shoot through power penetration (walls, dagga & trees etc.). Weight of ammo and selector/safety lever configuration encouraged ammunition conservation and aimed shots (as opposed to spray and pray of the AK). Could be used by both left and right handed firers. Cons: weight, length (standard variants) and regular maintenance. AK pros: lightweight, simple strip assembly and operation, interchangeable parts, low maintenance. Shorter range accuracy +/- 250m but rarely ever that distance. I have used both (and others) over many years in several different theatres. In a southern African environment I would say the FN/R1 nudges ahead down to the fact the operators were generally more effective with it as a tool (trained and disciplined) than the enemy. The main downfall to the AK is the change lever going from safe to full auto (full retard) on the first click, leading to most rounds spraying everywhere, instead of single or double aimed accurate fire. Single shot being the next click down. It is also quite a loud and distinctive audible signature when the safety lever/catch is operated and has cost a few chaps dearly – thankfully!

Conclusion

In essence the L1A1 (SLR) was/is a superb rifle, robust and more accurate than its main nemesis, the AK47, and when used by well-trained troops can negate the disadvantage of having to be cleaned (especially the gas piston) regularly. The rifle has relatively few moving parts and can be fully stripped by hand apart the case of a small screwdriver for disassembling the sights and special tool for the retainer spring (which did not need to be cleaned as well isolated in the stock), the chamber and the slide breech assembly body had some leeway, meaning that it could take a decent amount of dirt punishment before a jam occurred. All in all, an excellent and combat proven battlefield rifle.