Marc Krebs is known as an innovator pushing the boundaries of AK-platform performance. The recent attention Krebs focused on the Israel Weapon Industries Galil ACE should come as no surprise. It seems only natural considering the design similarities between AK and Galil for the AK master to work his magic on the Galil ACE. Anyone familiar with Krebs Custom work over the years will remember flirtations with another AK variant—the SIG 556. Most of the initial Krebs Custom AK rifles were based on either Russian Molot VEPR or Izhmash Saiga AK rifles. Starting in 2014 multiple White House executive orders curtailed the import of Russian AKs forcing Krebs to be flexible and creative in continuing to produce AKs. Krebs adjusted to the new regulatory environment by using new Polish WBP parts combined with U.S. based Childers or Morrissey receivers for his PD18 and CORE AK offerings.

The original Israeli Galil was choked out of the U.S. market in the early 1990s due to federal import laws. The current Galil ACE can be traced back to the Galil, which, in turn, was inspired by the Finnish Valmet Rk62. The Valmet Rk62 itself is an improved AK derivative. The Finns are a country of serious riflemen with a large aggressive neighbor it has eyed warily for centuries in the form of Russia.

The Russian AK’s rugged reliability and its ability to adapt to harsh operational environments earned begrudging respect from the Finns. The Valmet Rk62 sought to maintain AK reliability while improving accuracy. This was accomplished with the use of a quality barrel, an extended iron sight radius, higher quality manufacturing techniques, tweaks to the gas tube and a long stroke gas piston operation. Israel’s Galil followed the Valmet Rk62’s path after the IDF found the FAL wanting in terms of size, recoil, and more importantly, reliability. The Galil in 5.56 NATO was officially adopted by the IDF in 1972. However, the Galil immediately faced competition within the IDF by the large numbers of M16/M4s acquired from the United States. It made more fiscal sense to make the most use of the relatively inexpensive U.S. rifle versus relying exclusively on the Galil.

In 2015, IWI U.S., Inc. decided to revive the Galil in the enhanced Galil ACE form. This is achieved by assembling the rifles from a combination of Israeli and U.S. manufactured components at their Harrisburg, PA facility. The Galil ACE is not merely a copy of the 1960s design. IWI took full advantage of the passage of time to improve and update the original Yisrael Galil and Yaacov Lior design. A pistol brace version was definitely not contemplated by the two original designers.

The IWI U.S. Galil ACE seeks improvement over the original Galil in a number of ways. Galil reliability and performance has never been doubted, however its near ten-pound weight drew criticism from troops, especially when compared to the six-pound M4. The Galil ACE makes use of a polymer lower for the magazine well, trigger guard, and pistol grip. The upper receiver containing the action and hinged folding stock trunnion is milled from ordnance steel. The railed forend on the Galil ACE Gen 1 was also derived from high strength polymer. Besides shaving weight, the Galil ACE has its reciprocating charging handle moved to the left side of the steel receiver for easier weak hand manipulation. A spring-loaded gate on the left side minimizes the chance of debris entering through the charging handle pathway. The original Galil had a distinctive vertically upturned handle on the right side.

IWI U.S. improved on the previous Galil design by securing the railed top cover using an oversized release button at the end of the recoil spring protruding out of the top cover. This ensures the rear aperture iron sight stays zeroed as well as other optics that may be mounted. The top cover exhibits no wiggle. In fact, removing and reinstalling takes some effort, but is worth it considering the advantage gained. Following this theme, the Galil’s gas tube is dovetailed into the receiver’s front block. This limits any movement of the gas block that can influence barrel vibration and, thus, degrade rifle accuracy. A recoil buffer is also present on the recoil spring. This serves multiple roles: to cushion the impact of recoiling parts, easing wear on the rear trunnion, and taming of vibrations to increase accuracy potential. All these details related to the top cover and the gas tube differ from the original AK design.

The Galil ACE was further improved upon with the Galil ACE Gen II in 2021. The GEN II features a full-length two-piece Picatinny top rail, a free float metal alloy M-LOK forend, an improved trigger, a more ergonomic safety, and a side folding adjustable buttstock/brace that is M4-tube compatible. The Gen II rifles ship with a Magpul CTR stock and accessory riser. Braced pistols ship with an SB Tactical SBA-3. Galil ACE rifles and braced pistols are chambered in 5.56 NATO, 7.62x39mm, and 5.45x39mm — the object of our attention herein.

The dots connecting Krebs Custom with the Galil ACE come together in the form of a 5.45x39mm chambered Gen I braced pistol taking center place for this article. IWI U.S. initially made a limited run of 5.45mm chambered rifles and pistols a couple of years ago. These sold out so quickly it was decided to add the 5.45mm chambering to the Galil ACE product line up. This continued with the Gen II models.

Krebs Custom turned its discriminating eye to a 5.45mm Galil ACE Gen 1 braced pistol with Krebs aluminum M-LOK forend with heat shield, Gear Head Works Tailhook arm brace, Krebs Custom Interchangeable Muzzle System (IMS), and a trigger job that is hard to describe in terms of improved pull and reset. Krebs tuned the Galil ACE trigger into a minimal creep 3- to 4-pound work of art. Why the high praise? Galil ACE triggers are not known for their creature comforts, but somehow Krebs Custom pulled it off. The Krebs ACE is an awesome example of what the Galil ACE “Israeli Krinkov” could be.

5.45mm military surplus 7N6 ammunition was also banned in early 2014 by executive fiat. Up to this point, the availability of cheap, plentiful 5.45mm surplus ammunition had 5.45mm chambered AKs increasing in popularity. While we will avoid arguing over the validity of declaring the 7N6 5.45 surplus “armor piercing”, the ban did take the steam out of AK rifles chambered in 5.45mm. The 7N6 “poison pill” bullet first gained notoriety in the Soviet-Afghan War. A design feature of the 5.45x39mm cartridge is an air space inside the jacket at the bullet’s tip. The air space serves to shift the bullet’s center of mass toward the rear. This increases likelihood of tumbling when striking soft targets — flesh. In addition, the lead core behind this air space shifts forward upon impact producing a peculiar curvature of the bullet’s path in the last half of its travel through tissue. One downside typical to most surplus ammunition is that it uses corrosive primers.

While “Spam cans” of 7N6 5.45mm can still be found, 5.45mm ammunition is available from non-Russian manufactures along with Hornady here in the U.S. — just not at a few cents a round.

Multiple 5.45x39mm loads were tested with the Krebs Custom Galil ACE such as Wolf, Tula, Silver Bear in 60-grain and 70-grain varieties. Century International Red Army Standard 5.45x39mm was also used. Red Army Standard 5.45x39mm 69-grain ammunition is offered in handy range packs (180 rounds) as well as 30-round boxes. Red Army Standard is manufactured by the same factories that produced billions of rounds of ammunition for the Soviet Red Army and Warsaw Pact nations. The range pack boxes indicated Ukrainian manufacturing.

Two other 5.45mm ammunition loads of interest were also used. Hornady 60-grain V-Max and Dynamit Nobel 59-grain HP loading. The Hornady 5.45x39mm load is a godsend for AK owners looking for a quality U.S. made ammunition choice for their rifles. By good fortune the Dynamit Nobel 59-grain 5.45x39mm was discovered several years ago with a couple cases acquired. The Hornady V-Max loads delivered accuracy in the 1.5- to 2-inch range at 50 yards with the Dynamit Nobel producing similar results. The other ammunition brands produced 2- to 3-inch groups at 50 yards. Accuracy testing was done with a red dot.

Chronographing the 8.3-inch barreled Galil ACE 5.45mm, the Wolf 70-grain load produced approximately 2,140 feet per second and the Wolf 60-grain a more respectable 2,510 fps. The 53-grain surplus ammunition clocked in at 2580 fps. The chrono readings were repeated to verify the muzzle blast wasn’t influencing the results. These velocities make the 5.45mm Krebs Galil ACE a viable option out to a couple hundred yards, ballistically.

At close range, the iron sights were good; at 50 yards and beyond, I had to really slow down and yet I still struggled to place consistent hits in the A zone of an IPSC style target. The solution was an easy one, considering the railed top cover present with the Galil ACE—a red dot.

A ZeroTech THRIVE red dot was mounted on the Galil ACE. ZeroTech is relatively new to the U.S. market. The Australian company has a U.S. operation based outside of Murfreesboro, TN. 50 years of experience in the rugged Australian outback is ZeroTech’s guiding force. The compact THRIVE sight offers a 3-MOA dot with eleven brightness settings within a 5-ounce package. Battery life is 5000 hours. The 3-MOA dot simplifies placing rounds on target no matter the aiming method used. Independence from set eye relief requirements is one of the red dot’s major advantages. This is born out when working in tight confines or finding oneself in awkward firing positions to maximize cover. Keep both eyes open; if you see the red dot on target, pull the trigger.

The THRIVE was mounted as low as possible on the Galil ACE; avoid AR height mounting risers on this platform. It did not disappoint me in my range tests proving more than capable of withstanding the Galil ACE’s recoil and heat generated from firing multiple magazines. The THRIVE’s dot aided in acquiring a fast aiming point at CQB ranges. The 3-MOA dot proved more than capable of hammering man-sized steel out to 200 yards reliably. A 50-yard zero with the ZeroTech fits needs best when mounted on the Krebs.

The Krebs bundle of joy weighs approximately seven pounds and measures 21-inches long with the Gear Head Works brace folded, and 28.25 inches with the brace deployed. The brace is held securely to the receiver when folded and is rock-steady when unfolded. My first visit to the range supported all my expectations regarding handling and reliability with the Krebs. Several hundred rounds were fired over the course of multiple range visits. Blessed to have an ample supply of 5.45x39mm ammunition. At times, I got carried away and had the braced pistol HOT! Reliability was never an issue with the Galil ACE vigorously ejecting steel cases. The Krebs aluminum handguard with heat shield did its job well.

The Krebs aluminum handguard’s M-LOK capability allowed for the mounting of Crimson Trace’s recently introduced Rapid Illumination Grip (RIG). The RIG is ideal for braced pistols requiring a light source. The angled grip is not considered a vertical foregrip, which is a big no-no on braced pistols due to federal regulations. The RIG combines the ergonomic advantage of an angled foregrip with a 500-peak-lumen weaponlight into one sleek, effective device.

The Krebs proved very capable at handling the CQB style course with multiple targets strewn 15 to 25 yards away with the stop targets placed further downrange. Transitioning between the multiple targets was effortless thanks to ZeroTech THRIVE red dot and the 5.45x39mm round supplying little recoil. The muzzle signature was less than what was expected, as well. The Krebs IMS muzzle system tamed both muzzle flash and acted as a compensator, thanks to its dual design of 4-prong flash suppressor with birdcage piece acting as a compensator. Krebs’ goal with the IMS was a device that can be switched between flash suppressor, muzzle brake, and suppressor mount by the user.

The Krebs Custom treatment exhibited all of the positive Galil ACE characteristics combined with the lethal Russian .22 caliber service round—the 5.45x39mm. Arms aficionados will find and appreciate Krebs Custom’s attention to detail. The Krebs Custom Galil ACE proved desirable due to its reliability, accuracy, and controllability during rapid strings of fire.

Krebs Custom S12 is a serious alternative to more U.S.-centric combat shotgun designs that are tube fed and typically pump action. Krebs Custom S12 Tac-18 is all business, especially when viewed back towards the muzzle.

By Todd Burgreen

The U.S. standard for the combat shotgun has been pretty well confined to the “pump-action fed via tube magazine located under the barrel;” John Browning showed the way with the Model 1897. There have been lever and bolt action shotguns as well, but these did not impinge on the pump action’s status, to which all others are compared. This is based on its simplicity to operate, reliability, and ability to handle a multitude of ammunition types. While semiautomatic shotguns have showed capability, few have demonstrated the “hell and back” reliability necessary to gain the confidence of users in life or death situations. Leave it to the Russians to adapt their ultra reliable AK operating system to the combat shotgun; thus challenging assumptions to what a combat shotgun should be with the Saiga S12 – a scaled-up AK-style action fed from detachable magazines.

The Saiga S12 uses a rotating bolt operated by gas-piston ala AK. For clarities sake, Gennady Nikonov is the Russian designer responsible for taking Kalashnikov’s AK design and adapting it into shotgun form. Obviously, a 12 gauge shell is much larger than a 7.62×39 rifle round. The 12 gauge’s flat hull design further compounded design adaptation issues, especially in terms of magazine design. In brief, the Saiga S12’s rear and forward trunnions were reinforced with the op-rod piston shortened and bolt carrier modified allowing for shell clearance during the ejection process in the firing cycle. The bolt head was enlarged to accommodate the larger 12 gauge shell face along with the top cover opening to provide clearance for the larger 12 gauge shells compared to the original rifle round size.

Though modified to meet import requirements via sporter stock with no pistol grip, the heart of the Saiga shotgun is an AK operating system. The process to modify the Saigas back into the more familiar AK profile, albeit with much larger hole in the barrel, is well known and a relatively straight forward process involving moving the trigger guard forward to make room for pistol grip, replacing fire control group, and installing AK stock of choice. Krebs Custom was one of the first AK “smiths” of note in the U.S. with pioneering work on AK rifles and Saiga shotguns. The Krebs Custom portion of the S12 shotgun equation is crucial and is a significant upgrade over a standard Saiga S12 shotgun as it arrives in the U.S.

The Krebs Custom ghost ring rear sight is clearly evident and mates up to a front sight that Krebs extends out to end of barrel.

The Krebs S12 is all business with its black finished receiver, 18 inch barrel with a Kreb’s muzzle device, foldable rear stock, SAW-type pistol grip, and black synthetic forearm giving an overall length of 40.5 inches weighing 7.5 lbs. empty. Krebs installs and tunes a G2 trigger along with dehorning and smoothing the Saiga S12’s edges. Krebs smoothes and polishes the bolt carrier group and receiver guide rails. Even without firing a live round the Krebs S12 superiority over a standard Saiga S12 is easily detected in the smoothness of the action, trigger pull, quality of re-finish and overall weapon feel. A Krebs Mk VI safety is fitted to the S12. The Mk VI safety features a manual bolt hold open notch in an effort to provide one possible solution to the Saiga magazine change conundrum, which we will go into more detail about below. A Kreb’s ghost ring rear sight finish off the Krebs S12 package moving the front sight assembly to the barrel’s muzzle area thus extending the effective sight radius beyond the standard notch and bead provided from the factory.

The AK operating action is the benchmark for reliability in assault rifles with the Saiga 12 gauge following in this pattern. We should guard against being biased toward the Saiga S12 with our proclivity for tube fed shotguns. The magazine fed Saiga S12 positively impacts handling by locating the ammunition at the center of the weapon allowing for faster handling. The Saiga changes previous instilled training centered on tube fed shotguns such as shoot 2 reload 2 tactics. The Krebs Custom Saiga S12 is fed via 5, 8, 10, 12-round stick magazines along with drum magazines with capacities as high as 30 rounds. AGP stick magazines of different capacities combined with high capacity 20-round drums from MD Arms and Alliance Armaments were utilized during this T&E. The drums represent performance enhancement in a big way. A nuance discovered with using the drum magazines is that your hand placement on the forend needs to be pushed forward slightly more than normal to get around the drum’s circumference. The Saiga S12 12 gauge is closer to an assault rifle in its manual of arms versus a tube fed shotgun most are more familiar with.

A definite nuance with operating the Saiga S12 is the magazine change technique. This is a twofold issue in terms of making sure magazines fit and function as well as manual of arms for running the S12 shotgun most efficiently. The Saiga S12 has its own manipulation techniques that need to be accepted and not resisted. The Saiga S12 shotgun does not have a last round hold open feature. The size of the 12 gauge rounds make full capacity magazines problematic to lock in place with the bolt forward. Magazine changes are definitely different in nature; even if you are already familiar with the AK “rocking” method via rifles. The girth and weight of the Saiga magazines take time to get used to when performing reloads under speed compounded by the need to keep the Saiga’s bolt held open allowing for the magazine insertion. The Kreb’s Mk VI safety with bolt hold open notch proved a worthy addition to the Krebs Custom S12 in this regard by allowing the operator to lock the bolt rearward allowing for smoother insertion of loaded S12 magazines.

In terms of combat or personal defense, shotguns fire two primary types of shells—slugs or buckshot. There are various types of each. This ability to handle different styles of projectiles is at the root of shotgun effectiveness and popularity. The Krebs Custom S12 was tested with Wolf Ammunition, Hornady and Federal Premium #00 buckshot 2 3/4 inch. The Federal Premium FliteControl and Hornady Critical Defense buckshot load utilize special wads for tighter buckshot patterns – thus longer effective range. Federal Premium, Winchester, and Wolf 1 ounce slugs were also tested with the Krebs S12. The recently introduced Winchester PDX 1 12 gauge loading combining a 1oz slug and three-#00 pellets was also tested. The Winchester PDX 1 load harkens back to the “buck-n-ball” loads used by our forefathers against the British in the Revolutionary War and each other during the Civil War.

The Krebs Custom S12 generated spreads of 5-10 inches at 10 yards with the tested buckshot loads. This indicates that a shotgun must be aimed to ensure accurate shot placement at close ranges. The buckshot spread increases to 12-22 inches at 25 yards with the Federal Premium and Hornady loading being on the tighter side and standard buckshot more dispersed. The Federal Premium and Hornady #00 buckshot load is the epitome of the new age tactical buckshot taking advantage of advances in wad technology to keep patterns tighter and thus extending effective range of #00 buckshot.

Many would comment that past 30 yards one should resort to slugs. Testing with the Krebs S12 combined with Federal Premium and Hornady buckshot indicated otherwise. The combination was able to place the majority of its pellets on IPSC style silhouette targets out to 40yards. Slugs performed in the 4 inch range at 50 yards with the Kreb’s ghost ring sights proving their worth. Steel man sized targets were hit regularly at 100 yards with a certain amount of satisfaction derived witnessing the 1 ounce Federal and Wolf slugs rocking the target back on its base.

The Saiga gas-operated action is simple, effective, and reliable as expected considered it is derived from the AK operating system. Nearly 300 rounds of various loads were fired in this T&E, including light birdshot. The Saiga S12’s gas system has two settings allowing for it to be adjusted to ammunition type used. This system allows for use of most any ammunition type including low brass shells and aids in recoil management by restricting gas flow setting when firing full powered buckshot or slug loads. Low recoil buckshot or slugs need to be proofed as to which setting works the best. The Krebs S12’s gas setting was not moved during testing and worked with everything from low brass birdshot to slugs. Credit for this is given to Marc Krebs asking ahead of time what loads I would most likely be using. Disassembly for maintenance is simple and allows for effective cleaning in minimal time. Anyone that is familiar with the AK rifle will be right at home on the Saiga S12 shotgun.

Range time consisted of the patterning described above along with other exercises trying to get a better appreciation of how the Krebs S12 shotgun handles and performs. The drills involved moving between barricades engaging shoot and no-shoot targets. Another drill used was based on engaging several shorter range targets out to 30 yards before having to engage a designated target placed 90 yards away. The Krebs S12’s “ghost ring” sight come into its own during this type of work. The “ghost ring” gives nothing up in terms of CQB ranges with front sight as easy to place on target as bead and ultimately proved better at accurate placement of fire. This necessitated a switch from buckshot to slug before engaging. This is accomplished by switching magazines in the Krebs S12. The relatively limited capacity of shotguns compared to high capacity magazine fed rifles is often listed as major detriment of choosing a shotgun over another weapon type. One of the most crucial things to learn when choosing a shotgun for defense is how to keep it from running empty of ammunition. U.S.-centric tube fed shotgun methods must be avoided when deploying the Krebs S12. The Krebs S12 is best operated as a magazine fed assault rifle.

A great test for any shotgun especially one to be used in a quick reacting CQB setting is shooting thrown clay targets. This also verifies reliability with ammunition with less recoil impulse than slugs or buckshot and helps get more rounds fired to verify operating soundness. Low brass Wolf Ammunition and Federal Premium #7.5 shot was used with no issue. The ghost ring sight was no problem at all with the rear sight “disappearing” naturally as eye focused on flying clay target and front sight leading it. The low brass shells were a welcome relief in terms of recoil. Yes, the Krebs S12 is semiautomatic, but it still is a 12 gauge and anyone telling you any different should be scrutinized. Recoil was not prohibitive and one gets used to it, but do not start using a shotgun
after a day of firing an AR or AK as it is significantly more.

The Krebs Custom S12 combined with drum magazine or stick magazines is a different beast entirely than a tube fed shotgun, especially in a personal defense or LE environment. The combat shotgun’s utility should not be doubted or held in disdain once its role is understood. Not wanting to employ sideways math, but 20 rounds of buckshot in the MD Arms or Alliance Armament drum magazines translates into 180 projectiles sent downrange in a few seconds. My time with the Krebs Custom S12 convinced me that the Saiga S12 is worthy of consideration as an alternative to the tube-fed shotgun.

Sites of Interest

Krebs Custom, Inc.
1000 Rand Road
Wauconda, IL 60084
(847) 487-7776
www.krebscustom.com

MD Arms, Ltd.
PO Box 237
Casstown, OH 45312
(937) 552-9383
www.MDArms.com

AGP Arms, Inc.
1930 East 3rd Street #12
Tempe, AZ 85281
(480) 983-6083
www.agparms.com

Alliance Armament
1077 Mt. Gilead Rd.
Boonville, IN 47601
(812) 897-4908
www.alliancearmament.com

Echo Valley Training Center
www.echovalleytrainingcenter.com